GPS参考站网络的多路径误差建模技术研究

通过研究多路径误差的周日重复性特征,将参考站网络多路径历史数据用于减弱参考站网络基线解算中的多路径效应影响,以提高网络解算(尤其指低高度角卫星和新升卫星)的初始化进程及可靠性。通过分析多路径误差的产生机理,研究多路径误差与信噪比信息的强相关关系,建立信噪比相关网络内插模型(SNRIM),用于流动用户位置高精度多路径改正数的实时计算。最后通过四川GPS观测网络实验,验证上述方法在网络高精度实时定位领域应用的有效性及可靠性。     

青藏高原东北部岩石圈有效弹性厚度及其各向异性

青藏高原东北部是中国大陆构造环境特殊的主要构造域,毗邻青藏高原羌塘地块、塔里木盆地、四川盆地和华北克拉通,属于不同构造类型块体俯冲、碰撞及陆内汇聚的结合部,在中国大陆形成与演化的历史中扮演着重要角色.岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te)及其各向异性与岩石圈流变性、力学结构紧密相连,研究青藏高原东北部的岩石圈Te及其各向异性将为我们认识大陆岩石圈的流变性及动力学过程提供重要信息.本文基于Fan小波相关性分析法,运用布格重力和地形资料获得了青藏高原东北部岩石圈Te及其各向异性二维分布的详细信息.研究结果表明研究区域内Te的分布范围在5～100 km之间;松潘—甘孜地块、祁连山造山带和龙门山地区的Te较薄(5 kmTeTe值都较低,其中龙门山断裂带Te只有5～20 km,且南、北两段各向异性存在明显差异.内部的若尔盖盆地Te值略显高值,说明其是仍保留有刚性的块体;北缘的柴达木盆地下伏为古生代的地壳,被认为是古老的克拉通碎片,Te较大(50 kmTeTe的各向异性轴垂直于大的块体边界.通过比较Te各向异性与SKS波的快波偏振方向、Rayleigh面波方位角各向异性的相互关系我们推测阿拉善地块各向异性源自地幔橄榄岩晶格的优势取向,岩石圈变形趋于垂直连贯变形模式;柴达木盆地各向异性源于历史构造事件残留在岩石圈中的"化石"各向异性;松潘—甘孜地块各向异性源自物质的侧向流动.     

东营凹陷梁家楼油田有效输导体系研究

综合运用油源对比、断裂-砂体研究、油藏充注史分析等方法,对东营凹陷梁家楼地区输导体系进行了研究,认为梁家楼油田下第三系沙三中、下亚段及沙四上亚段有效烃源岩主要通过同生断层与沙三上亚段储层连通,垂向运移是本地区油气主要运移方式,断层是输导体系的主要组成部分,断层活动期次控制油气运移期次,有效烃源岩分布和断裂活动方式共同决定了油气运移模式,进而提出有效输导体系概念是油气运移路径空间有限性及时间有效性的统一表现。     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Magmatic Rocks from Zedong Ophiolite, Eastern Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone, Tibet

The Yarlung Zangbo suture zone extends more than2000 km along southern Tibet and marks the boundary between the Indian subcontinent and Eurasia.The Zedong terrane has been not suggested to represent the vestige of such an intra-oceanic arc developed within the Neo-Tethys Ocean,as a result of the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the Late Jurassic.In this study,we present detailed geochemical and geochronological data of various types of magmatic rocks widely exposed in the Zedong terrane to constrain the formation age and tectonic setting of the Zedong terrane.We found that the Zedong volcanic rocks belong to high K2O calc-alkaline series,whereas the diabase and gabbro plotted in the low-K calcalkline.The basalt rocks are highly enriched in LREE and LILE,but strongly depleted in HFSE,indicating they were derived from a metasomatized mantle.Both gabbros and diabase have similar N-MORB geochemistry indicates that the cumulates were produced from MOR setting.Zircons from four samples,including the basalt rocks(158-161Ma)are older than the gabbro(131 Ma),certificate the gabbro are as the vein intrude into the basalt rocks.This suggests that the volcanic eruption and plutonic emplacement were coevally developed in the Zedonghave similar positiveεHf(t)values(+2.0 to+15.6)and(+8.6 to+18.4),indicating they were stemmed from similarly depleted mantle sources,same with the gabbro and granitic rocks from the Gangdese arc.Therefore,we proposed that the basalt rocks in the Zedong terrane were formed through partial melting of the mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-released fluids/melts.A part of hydrous basalts were underplated in the thickened lower crust beneath the Zedong terrane,which gave rise to the cumulate and granitic rocks.This suggests that the Zedong terrane represents a slice of the active continental margin developed on the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane as a result of the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the Late Jurassic,although a possible intra-oceanic arc setting cannot be excluded.     

Geomorphology-oriented digital terrain analysis: Progress and perspectives

Digital terrain analysis(DTA) is one of the most important contents in the research of geographical information science(GIS). However, on the basis of the digital elevation model(DEM), many problems exist in the current research of DTA in geomorphological studies. For instance, the current DTA research appears to be focused more on morphology, phenomenon, and modern surface rather than mechanism, process, and underlying terrain. The current DTA research needs to be urgently transformed from the study of landform morphology to one focusing on landform process and mechanism. On this basis, this study summarizes the current research status of geomorphology-oriented DTA and systematically reviews and analyzes the research about the knowledge of geomorphological ontology, terrain modeling, terrain derivative calculation, and terrain analytical methods. With the help of DEM data, DTA research has the advantage of carrying out geomorphological studies from the perspective of surface morphology. However, the study of DTA has inherent defects in terms of data expression and analytic patterns. Thus, breakthroughs in basic theories and key technologies are necessary. Moreover, scholars need to realize that DTA research must be transformed from phenomenon to mechanism, from morphology to process, and from terrain to landform. At present, the research development of earth science has reached the critical stage in which the DTA research should focus more on geomorphological ontology. Consequently, this study proposes several prospects of geomorphology-oriented DTA from the aspects of value-added DEM data model, terrain derivatives and their spatial relations, and macro-terrain analysis. The study of DTA based on DEM is at a critical period along with the issue on whether the current GIS technology can truly support the development of geography. The research idea of geomorphology-oriented DTA is expected to be an important exploration and practice in the field of GIS.     

水平井分段完井不同分段模式优化研究

运用势的叠加原理和镜像反映原理,导出了水平井任意分段模式下井筒与油藏渗流耦合产能计算模型,用该模型可以计算任意分段模式下来平井的产能,通过对比不同分段模式下的水平井产能,可以对分段进行优化,从而指导分段完井方案的制定.研究结果表明:当打开程度一定时,不同分段模式对产量影响不大;产量随着打开程度的提高而增加,但当打开程度大于40％时,产量增幅趋于平缓,因此,打开程度必须大于打开临界程度,这样既减小了因分段而牺牲的产量又达到了分段的目的;井筒摩阻对产量影响较大,在进行分段优化时,必须考虑井筒摩阻的影响,从而优选盲管段的位置.     

遵义地区锰矿成矿模式及找矿前景分析

遵义锰矿是中国为数不多的晚二叠世沉积锰矿,通过对历年来遵义锰矿勘查成果总结分析,提出了遵义地区锰矿的成矿模式,指出了该区的成矿远景区,认为该区具有寻找到大型—特大型碳酸盐型锰矿的潜力。     

大口径瓦斯抽排井施工扩孔分级设计优选探讨

受现有钻探设备能力限制,大口径瓦斯抽排井工程通常采用“先导钻进+分级扩孔”施工方法。通过扩孔所需回转扭矩的计算分析,对常用大口径瓦斯抽排井扩孔分级的设计进行了探讨。     

五酸溶样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中的稀土等28种金属元素

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定大批量地质样品中的稀土和钴铪铟锰铌钽铊铬镉镓锗钒锡等金属元素,主要采用三酸或四酸溶解样品.由于地质样品组分复杂,稀土等金属元素含量低,各元素性质差异大,三酸或四酸溶样经常出现易挥发元素如钒铬镉镓锡的测定结果不稳定、镧铈镨钕等稀土元素溶解不完全的问题.本文在盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高...     

四川盆地深部地壳结构——深地震反射剖面探测

四川盆地位于扬子地块的西北部,被褶皱构造带所围绕,受周缘构造带的侧向挤压作用,盆地卷入了多期次和多边界的构造变形,为开展盆山耦合作用及多边界、多期次构造叠加与复合关系的研究提供了不可多得的理想野外实验室.为揭示四川盆地地壳结构,本文通过对3条不同时间采集的深地震反射剖面数据进行拼接联线处理,获得跨越四川盆地的330 km深地震反射偏移成果剖面,揭示了四川盆地地壳上地幔细结构：沉积层从西北向东南逐渐变薄,在龙门山前沉积层厚度超过15 km,在华蓥山下沉积层减薄到~8 km,且褶皱变形形成华蓥山薄皮褶皱冲断带;莫霍面出现在13~15 s（双程走时）,埋深约40~45 km;并发现从下地壳延伸至地幔的东南向的倾斜反射,从13 s向下延伸至18 s,结合四川盆地及其周边地区其他地球物理和地球化学花岗岩同位素年龄等资料,我们认为这些倾斜反射层是扬子克拉通地台西北缘发生的新元古代俯冲的遗迹.