呼和浩特市降水化学特征分析

对2006年呼和浩特市降水离子监测资料进行分析,结果表明:降水呈碱性,季节分布明显,夏季降水集中且pH值为全年最低,冬季降水量少,pH值较高;SO42-离子为主要致酸离子,阳离子中Ca2+,Mg2+离子的浓度很高;降水中主要成分之间相关性显著,Ca2+的中和作用较强;降水气团的后向轨迹分析表明蒙古国的沙漠地区是呼和浩特冬春季碱性降水的主要来源,夏季较低的pH值降水则部分源于我国的华中、华北地区的酸性污染物中长距离输送。     

福建永安雷暴气候特征分析

通过统计福建省永安市1958—2007年逐日雷暴观测资料,找出雷暴发生时空分布、年际、月际和日变化特征。结果表明：永安市雷暴日50年平均68．12日,年际变化呈波动减少趋势,3—9月是雷暴发生的高发期,占全年雷暴的95．3％,月际雷暴发生次数呈单峰型特征,峰值出现在8月,16—17时是一天中发生雷暴的最高期,西南方向发生的雷暴略多于其它方向。     

一种优化的公共主影像选取方法

针对PS-DINSAR技术中公共主影像的选取问题,提出了基于测量平差理论的归化权值和的方法。该方法在综合相关系数方法的基础上,综合考虑了时间基线、有效空间基线和多普勒质心频率差的影响,利用平差的思想进行定权,来选择公共主影像。归化权值和的方法主影像的选择更加合理、可靠。基于ERS-1/2的影像数据进行实验的实验说明:该算法在主影像的选取上更加稳定,数据的统计特性也更优化,对PS公共主影像的优化选择有重要参考价值。     

西藏当雄九子拉地区石炭系诺错组中震积岩的发现及意义

西藏当雄九子拉地区石炭系诺错组地层序列中,首次发现了一套非正常沉积的粉砂岩和灰岩的组合.岩系中可识别出非正常的沉积构造,即微同沉积断裂、火焰状构造、同生变形构造及振动液化泄水构造等,这一软沉积变形构造具震积岩的识别标志特征,代表灾变事件震积的地质记录.在剖面结构上大致显示为7个单元的震积序列,自下而上由下伏弱震层(A)—液化脉(B)—震褶岩(C)—震裂岩(D)—阶梯状微断层(E)—火焰状构造(F)—上覆未震层(G)的渐变过程及震积作用逐渐减弱的趋势呈不同形式的组合出现,有ABG、ACDG、AEG、ABCG和ABFG等组合.本研究分析认为晚古生代诺错组早期存在一个强烈的构造活动时期,结合震积岩的分布及区域地质背景研究表明,九子拉北侧一带可能为近东西向同生断裂带,该断裂带的强烈构造活动是本区诺错组震积作用的直接诱发因素.从而佐证了九子拉地区正处于构造转换阶段.本研究对分析晚古生代的构造演化、沉积盆地类型奠定了基础,同时保存完好的震积事件地层记录对推断古断裂、古环境也具有较大意义.     

利用地震资料反演地层的碳酸盐含量

基于碳酸盐含量与地层速度、密度之间的关系, 在井资料约束下, 使用人工神经网络方法反演高分辨率地震资料所反映的地层碳酸盐含量, 并应用于南海北部陆坡ODP184航次1146和1148孔区, 取得较好效果.方法的关键是从井旁地震道中提取多种属性, 利用逐步回归法, 确定6种与碳酸盐含量相关性最好的地震属性, 分别是平均频率、道积分绝对振幅、主频、时间、道微分瞬时振幅和瞬时频率, 然后进行地层碳酸盐含量反演.反演结果相对于岩心分析的碳酸盐含量的误差大多在±5%之内, 较为精确地揭示了地震地层剖面上碳酸盐含量的分布.      

高层大气密度的午夜极大值特征分析与建模

利用CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload)、GRACE-A (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment-A)、SWARM-C (The Earth''s Magnetic Field and Environment Explorers-C)等3颗极轨卫星的资料, 研究360—480km高层大气密度在低纬度区域的午夜极大值(Midnight Density Maximum, MDM)现象. MDM一般出现在23:00- 02:00 LT (Local Time)之间,峰值位置在低纬度15°以内,谷值位置在中纬度35°-45°附近,整体略偏向南半球,振幅约为平均密度的26%.随着高度增大以及太阳辐射水平的增强,MDM振幅呈减小趋势;冬至和夏至日附近的季节效应会减弱MDM振幅,在春秋分日的振幅最大.用3个主流大气模型DTM2000 (Drag Temperature Model 2000), NRLMSISE00 (US Naval Research Laboratory, Mass Spectrom-eter and Incoherent Scatter radar)和JB2008 (Jacchia- Bowman 2008 model)对MDM进行模拟,JB2008没有刻画出MDM现象;另两个模型低估了MDM效应,在360km和480km两个高度DTM2000模型的振幅仅为观测的46%和53%, NRLMSISE00模型仅为观测的33%和26%;模型没有准确刻画出MDM与高度、辐射水平和季节的关系.联合3颗卫星的资料,研究了-种基于地理纬度的6阶勒让德多项式,同时融合地方时和高度因素的经验函数,在振幅和相位上可以较好地刻画MDM特征,相关系数达到0.923,可为大气密度模型的修正提供借鉴,服务于低轨道航天器高精度轨道预报.     

Time-Dependent Tsunami Source Following the 2018 Anak Krakatau Volcano Eruption Inferred from Nearby Tsunami Recordings

The eruption of the Anak Krakatau volcano,Indonesia,on 22 December 2018 induced a destructive tsunami(the Sunda Strait tsunami),which was recorded by four nearby tidal gauges.In this study we invert the tsunami records and recover the tsunami generation process.Two tsunami sources are obtained,a static one of instant initial water elevation and a time-dependent one accounting for the continuous evolution of water height.The time-dependent results are found to reproduce the tsunami recordings more satisfactorily.The complete tsunami generation process lasts approximately 9 min and features a two-stage evolution with similar intensity.Each stage lasts about 3.5 min and elevates a water volume of about 0.13 km3.The time,duration and volume of the volcano eruption in general agree with seismic records and geomorphological interpretations.We also test different sizes of the potential source region,which lead to different maximum wave height in the source area,but all the results of time-dependent tsunami sources show the robust feature of two stages of wave generation.Our results imply a time-dependent and complex process of tsunami generation during the volcano eruption.     

Comparisons of Salinity Adaptation in Terms of Growth,Body Composition,and Energy Budget in Juveniles of Rainbow and Steelhead Trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This study examined the effect of different salinities(0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) on the growth performance and energy budget of juveniles of two different ecotypes of Oncorhynchus mykiss, landlocked rainbow trout and anadromous steelhead trout. In the 42 d experiment, fish were cultured in three replicate tanks per salinity treatment(eight fish per tank). At the end of the experiment, the growth of rainbow and steelhead trouts was significantly higher at salinities of 5 and 10, respectively, than at all other salinities. The protein, lipid and energy content of both ecotypes declined with the increase of salinity. Based on their energy budgets, the percentage of energy consumed for growth by rainbow and steelhead trouts were significantly higher at salinities of 5(34.00% ±1.69%) and 10(43.76% ± 1.29%), respectively, than at all other salinities. The percentage of energy consumed for respiration by rainbow and steelhead trouts was lower at salinities of 5(54.90% ± 1.77%) and 10(46.73% ± 0.62%), respectively, than at all other salinities. Our results indicated that the salinity adaptation ability of juvenile steelhead trout was slightly better than that of juvenile rainbow trout, and salinities of 10 and 5, respectively, were most suitable for growth of these two fishes.     

基于SAR快速提取浒苔信息应用研究

2008年6月以来青岛近海出现的大面积浒苔对青岛奥帆赛场造成严重影响。如何快速、准确地发现浒苔,对治理浒苔具有显著的指导作用。采用卫星遥感数据,尤其是SAR数据对浒苔进行监测,运用一种基于区域增长面向对象的影像尺度分割方法,调整影像的分割尺度,快速提取浒苔信息,在浒苔遥感监测中效果显著。