外大陆架划界信息系统中数据交换方法

采用VB.NET作为开发工具,ArcGIS Engine作为开发平台,进行外大陆架划界的数据交换研究,所开发的程序能够实现图元和文件层次的交换。该方法的研究对于我国外大陆架的划界有着非常重要的参考作用。     

霞水母刺丝囊毒素溶血活性的稳定性研究

从霞水母Cyanea sp.中分离刺丝囊,提取刺丝囊毒素(NV),并研究了温度、pH和几种化学组分对其溶血活性稳定性的影响.实验结果表明,在4～37℃范围内NV的溶血活性与温度变化密切相关,毒素在4℃以下几乎没有发生溶血反应,在37℃以下反应45 min以后,溶血活性达到最大值;毒素的溶血活性对pH敏感,在pH 7.8时.溶血活性最强,溶血率为93.53%.EDTA、NaCl和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对NV溶血活性都具有稳定作用.通过正交实验发现,GSH对溶血活性的影响最大,当提取液中含有1.0 mmol/L GSH和5.0 mmol/L NaCl时毒素的溶血活性最强.DTT(二硫苏糖醇)明显降低毒素的溶血活性,说明毒素中溶血蛋白的活性很可能与分布在蛋白质表面的二硫键有关.Ca2+虽然能够增强毒素的溶血活性但是对毒素并没有稳定作用,所以Ca2+可能只是毒素溶血活性的活化剂.甘油对毒素的稳定作用不明显.     

重金属Cu、Pb在泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)卵巢的蓄积特性及其对卵细胞发育的影响

采用静水法生物测试手段,研究了不同浓度梯度Cu、Pb(各0.00、0.10、0.25、0.50mg/L)随时间变化在泥鳅卵巢中的蓄积特性以及对卵细胞发育的影响。结果表明,泥鳅卵巢对Cu、Pb有较强的蓄积能力,在暴露期间20天内,蓄积量与时间呈线性关系,之后呈对数关系。其中,Cu的蓄积显著大于Pb(P0.01);卵巢中重金属的蓄积与水溶液中Cu、Pb的浓度梯度相关(P0.01),具有明显的时间效应和剂量效应。泥鳅卵巢中卵细胞的发育水平,亦与溶液重金属浓度的高低、暴露时间长短有关;在不同浓度重金属溶液中较长时间的暴露,将对卵巢及卵细胞的发育产生不可逆转的负效应。     

1990s年代际转型前后南海季风系统的季节变化

利用多变量经验正交分解(MV-EOF)等方法,研究了在季节变化尺度上南海季风系统的时空分布特征。结果表明:南海夏季风的爆发时间在1993—1994年前后存在显著的年代际转型,由爆发偏晚转变成爆发偏早。第一模态表现为冬夏反位相的年周期变化,但爆发早年夏季风持续时间略长于爆发晚年,空间上都反映了南海中央海盆区的夏季强降水和850 hPa上南海北部的气旋性环流异常,但夏季风爆发早年中国华南沿海降水加强而南海南部降水偏少。相应的大范围环流场上主要反映了南海夏季风爆发后进入盛夏时节亚太地区大范围的环流特征,南海夏季风爆发偏早年索马里越赤道气流偏强,东亚季风槽位置偏北,爆发偏晚年则相反。第二模态反映了南海季风系统春秋反位相的季节变化,且秋季的振幅更强,空间降水场上对应着秋季华南沿海和南海北部与南海中南部北旱南涝的跷跷板式分布,850 hPa风场上则主要表现为异常的东北季风,该模态时空特征表明南海夏季风爆发偏早年的秋季,冬季风建立也偏早,越南及周边地区的降水偏多。相应的大范围环流场上则主要反映了冬季风的环流特征,在南海夏季风爆发偏早年的秋季,菲律宾以东的热带对流减弱,PJ波列增强,爆发晚年则相反。     

几种卫星测高海洋重力场模型精度比较分析

以中国南海部分海域作为试验区,依据测区船载重力测量结果分别对S&S V28.1、S&S V29.1、DTU15和DTU17卫星测高海洋重力场模型开展了精度评估与分析工作。首先利用EIGEN6C4超高阶位系数模型计算得到的参考重力异常,使用多项式拟合技术对船载重力异常进行了长波误差改正;然后借鉴3σ准则进一步控制船载重力测量结果质量;最后以RMS作为精度主要评价指标,完成了对4种海洋重力场模型精度评估。结果表明,4种海洋重力场模型检核精度整体相当,其中S&S V29.1检核精度略高于S&S V28.1,4种重力异常模型在试验海域精度大致在1.5~6mGal之间。试验结论对于后续重力场模型应用具有一定参考价值。     

仿蝠鲼柔性潜水器翼型流场性能分析

因为蝠鲼在运动时具有低噪声,机动性能好等优点,以蝠鲼作为仿生对象,结合动态网格技术, 通过对仿生蝠鲼的外形轮廓中某一截面进行流体动力分析,研究该截面轮廓在大变形情况下,不同频率、不同波长对周围流场特性的影响。仿真计算结果表明,在波长一定时,随着频率的升高,升力系数波动幅度变大,推力增大。在频率一定时,随着波长的增加,升力系数波动幅度变大,推力也增大。     

白令海大型底栖动物群落结构及其空间分布格局

Due to its unique geological location, the Bering Sea is an ideal place to investigate the water exchange and ecosystem connectivity of the Pacific Ocean–Arctic Ocean and subarctic–Arctic region. Based on a number of summer surveys(July to September, 2010, 2012 and 2014), macrobenthic communities and their spatial-temporal patterns are exhibited for the majority of the Bering Sea(53°59′–64°36′N). The results show that the macrobenthic communities were dominated by northern cold-water species and immigrant eurythermic species, and the communities assumed a dispersed and patchy distribution pattern. Polychaetes(Scoloplos armiger), crustaceans(Ceradocus capensis) and sea urchins(Echinarachnius parma) were the main dominant groups in the shallow shelves; the sea star(Ctenodiscus crispatus) and the brittle star(Ophiura sarsii) were the main dominant groups in the continental slope; whereas small polychaetes(Prionospio malmgreni) dominated the basin area. Sediment type, water depth, and currents were the major factors affecting the structure and spatial distribution of the macrobenthic communities. Compared with other seas, the shallow areas of the Bering Sea showed an extremely high-standing biomass. In particular, the northern shelf area(north of St. Lawrence Islands and west of 170°W),which is primarily controlled by Anadyr Water, is an undersea oasis. In contrast, a deficiency in the downward transport of particulate organic carbon has resulted in a desert-like seabed in the basin area. By comparing our results to previous studies, we found that macrobenthic communities of the Bering Sea have undergone significant structural changes in recent decades, resulting in a decrease in abundance and an increase in biomass.In addition, populations of amphipods and bivalves in the northern shelves have decreased significantly and have been gradually replaced by other species. These changes might be associated with advanced seasonal ice melting,changes in organic carbon input, and global warming, indicating that large-scale ecosystem changes have been occurring in the Bering Sea.     

印度尼西亚北苏拉威西蓝碧海峡浮游动物种类组成及分布

Based on oceanographic survey data in June 2012 in the Lembeh Strait, the zooplankton ecological characteristics such as species composition, individual abundance, dominant species and distribution were analyzed. The results showed that 183 species(including 4 sp.) had been recognized, most of them belonged to copepoda.Cnidaria followed with 43 species(including 1 sp.) were identified. The average abundance of zooplankton was(150.47±58.91) ind./m~3. As to the horizontal distribution, the abundance of the zooplankton was higher in the southern waters than in the northern waters. The dominant species in the study area were Lensia subtiloides,Sagitta enflata, Lucifer intermedius, Oikopleura rufescens, Diphyes chamissoni, Creseis acicula, Subeucalanus subcrassus, Temora discaudata, Aglaura hemistoma, Doliolum denticulatum, Canthocalanus pauper, Oikopleura longicauda and Nanomia bijuga. Zooplankton biodiversity indexes were higher in study area than previous study in the other regions. The findings from this study provide important baseline information for future research and monitoring programs.     

垦利碱蓬Suaeda kenliensis J.W.Xing sp.nov.——碱蓬属一新种

报道了中国碱蓬属植物一新种——垦利碱蓬Suaeda kenliensis J.W.Xing sp.nov.。该种与南方碱蓬Suaeda australis(R.Br.)Moq.相近,但系一年生,种子具圆盘状和卵形两种形状,直径约2～3mm,叶长可达5～7 cm,无不定根,与南方碱蓬相区别。垦利碱蓬生长于潮间带和海水周期性淹没处。耐高盐,区域内海水盐度为25,滩涂表层含盐量在退潮后经日晒蒸发可达60‰以上。常形成单一种群的红海滩植被景观。模式标本存:中国科学院海洋生物标本馆;编号:MBM286537。采集地:莱州湾垦利海域潮间带泥滩。采集人:邢军武、曲宁、钟芳。     

威海市褚岛北部海域CDOM和COD分布特征遥感分析

根据2017年7月和9月在山东威海褚岛北部海域现场测量的COD_(Mn)(Chemical oxygen demand)值和水体表观光学量,结合COMS(Communication,OceanMeteorological Satellite)上搭载的传感器GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)所提供的有色可溶性有机物(Chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)产品,利用星地同步观测数据对现有的基于遥感反射比反演CDOM的模式进行验证,确定适合该海域的CDOM浓度遥感反演模式;通过对测试海域化学需氧量与遥感反演的水体CDOM浓度相关性分析,建立利用CDOM反演COD_(Mn)的遥感模式,并将该模式应用于测试海域LANDSAT 8/OLI(Operational Land Imager)遥感图像上,获取该海域COD_(Mn)浓度专题图,基于这些专题图分析了测试海域COD_(Mn)时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)基于GOCI产品的CDOM浓度值随时间和站点动态变化大,离岸越近数值越高,同一地点水体前后相差近1 h的数值变化也较大;(2)基于LANDSAT 8/OLI遥感数据反演的COD_(Mn)浓度时间动态变化大,总体来看褚岛附近水体的COD_(Mn)含量相对较低,褚岛以北海域水体COD_(Mn)含量有所增加,褚岛西侧水体的COD_(Mn)含量较东侧水体COD_(Mn)含量来说整体偏高。