Chemistry and mineralogy of oxidation products on the surface of the Hoba nickel-iron meteorite

Abstract— An oxide layer adjacent to the surface of the Hoba Ni-Fe meteorite was analyzed chemically and mineralogically. Maghemite, magnetite, goethite and lepidocrocite were the main Fe minerals found in the oxide layer surrounding Hoba. Most of the Ni from the unweathered original meteorite was distributed among the above minerals with spinel-type oxides (maghemite and magnetite) having the largest Ni fraction. Some Ni migrated to the limestone in which the meteorite is embedded. No evidence for zaratite or akaganeite was found in the oxide layer. Sulfate derived from the oxidation of troilite precipitated as gypsum. Phosphate accumulation in limestone in contact with the meteorite is probably due to phosphate adsorbed on Fe-oxides. Maghemite with some magnetite was the oxidation product immediately next to the meteorite metal surface, which accommodated most of the Ni and Fe from the meteorite into its structure. Upon oxidation, some of the Ni, which was incorporated into calcite, was released. Cobalt associated with the oxides stayed within the oxide structure regardless of the oxidation state and did not migrate to the limestone. This suggests that Co may be a good tracer for oxides of meteoritic origin.     

对南海北部陆坡至东海南部“残留特提斯”的几点认识

特提斯构造域是指发育于欧亚大陆南缘的一条全球性纬向展布的构造域,在该构造域内发育有许多蕴含丰富油气资源的沉积盆地,是世界上最主要的含油气区。通过对比分析世界上典型的"特提斯域"所拥有的特有沉积及构造环境及其对油气生成、聚集成藏与保存带来的深刻影响,如赤道封闭型浅海碳酸岩盐礁为主夹页岩的沉积主体及有机质类型为Ⅰ、Ⅱ型及蒸发岩盖层等特征,并通过对实际勘探资料的对比分析,认为南海北部、东海南部中生代缺乏典型"特提斯域"沉积及典型特提斯型大型油气藏成藏条件。     

西藏伦坡拉盆地沉积特征分析及油气地质分析

本文通过对伦坡拉盆地的沉积演化和沉积体系特征的分析,对盆地内的生油岩、储集岩和盖层的空间展布进行了深入全面的探讨,并对其空间展布进行生储盖组合研究、圈闭的特征分析。笔者认为,在盆地生储盖组合较好,具有油气开发的潜力,但是盆地目前的构造圈闭现状制约着油气地质的进展,可以在落实新的构造圈闭的同时,寻求非构造圈闭油气藏的可能性。     

U–Pb and Hf-isotope analysis of zircons in mafic xenoliths from Fuxian kimberlites: evolution of the lower crust beneath the North China craton

Mafic xenoliths from the Paleozoic Fuxian kimberlites in the North China craton include garnet granulite, and minor pyroxene amphibolite, metagabbro, anorthosite and pyroxenite. The formation conditions of the amphibolites are estimated at 745–820 °C and 7.6–8.8 Kb (25–30 km); the granulites probably are derived from greater depths in the lower crust. LAM-ICPMS U–Pb dating of zircons from four granulites reveals multiple age populations, recording episodes of magmatic intrusion and metamorphic recrystallisation. Concordant ages and upper intercept ages, interpreted as minimum estimates for the time of magmatic crystallisation, range from 2,620 to 2,430 Ma in three granulites, two amphibolites and two metagabbros. Lower intercept ages, represented by near-concordant zircons, are interpreted as reflecting metamorphic recrystallisation, and range from 1,927 to 1,852 Ma. One granulite contains two metamorphic zircon populations, dated at 1,927±55 Ma and 600–700 Ma. Separated minerals from one granulite and one amphibolite yield Sm–Nd isochron ages of 1,619±48 Ma (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)i=0.51078), and 1,716±120 Ma (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)i=0.51006), respectively. These ages are interpreted as recording cooling following metamorphic resetting; model ages for both samples are in the range 2.40–2.66 Ga. LAM-MC-ICPMS analyses of zircon show a range in ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf from 0.28116 to 0.28214, corresponding to a range of _Hf from –34 to +12. The relationships between ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age and _Hf show that: (1) the granulites, amphibolites and metagabbro were derived from a depleted mantle source at 2.6–2.75 Ga; (2) zircons in most samples underwent recrystallisation and Pb loss for 100–200 Ma after magmatic crystallisation, consistent with a residence in the lower crust; (3) metamorphic zircons in several samples represent new zircon growth, incorporating Hf liberated from breakdown of silicates with high Lu/Hf; (4) in other samples metamorphic and magmatic zircons have identical ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf, and the younger ages reflect complete resetting of U–Pb systems in older zircons. The Fuxian mafic xenoliths are interpreted as the products of basaltic underplating, derived from a depleted mantle source in Neoarchean time, an important period of continental growth in the North China craton. Paleoproterozoic metamorphic ages indicate an important tectonic thermal event in the lower crust at 1.8–1.9 Ga, corresponding to the timing of collision between the Eastern and Western Blocks that led to the final assembly of the North China craton. The growth of metamorphic zircon at 600–700 Ma may record an asthenospheric upwelling in Neoproterozoic time, related to uplift and a regional disconformity in the North China craton.     

嵌入式GIS的三维地形显示算法研究

本文论述了基于嵌入式G IS的三维地形显示的一系列理论和算法。首先介绍了三维地形显示的基本算法步骤,接下来针对嵌入式系统的特点,提出了三个改进方面,分别是递归细分、坐标变换和内存调度。在论文的最后,给出了实验结果并进行了总结。     

激光跟踪仪测量精度的评定

介绍了影响激光跟踪仪测量精度的各种因素及对其测量精度进行评定的意义、指标及方法,阐述了比较法在仪器现场检查和校准中的应用,并以100MeV直线加速器的测量控制网为例,说明统计分析法在验后精度评定中应用。     

构图的形式美法则在地图设计中的应用

主要介绍形式美法则,分析研究这些规律在地图设计中的应用。     

基于激光跟踪仪的三维控制网测量精度分析

介绍三维控制网的优点及激光跟踪仪测量系统的特点,讨论了光束法平差原理及不同观测值的权比问题,并以100MeV电子直线加速器安装测量控制网的模拟计算和实测结果,论证了利用激光跟踪仪进行三维控制网的精度。     

基于MODIS 250m遥感影像的变化检测

本文采用分辨率为250m的MODIS遥感影像对土地利用类型进行动态监测,其目的是探讨在MODIS影像上,能够快速准确地获取在不同时期的变化信息,并且为进一步分析提供参考。本文主要讨论运用MODIS影像进行变化检测的几个方面:一是相对辐射校正;二是变化区域的确定,采用基于像素的阈值分割和基于区域的松弛法进来确认变化/非变化像元,并提出一种基于缓冲区方法来消除部分伪变化信息;三是精度评价,根据MO-DIS高时相的特点,本文提出了基于缺少实地观测数据情况下的精度评价。     

高分辨率机载SAR影像判读实验

近年来机载SAR系统在国内得到快速发展。由于SAR系统具有不同于光学传感器的成像机理,因而可以提供全新的数据获取手段和不同的地物信息。利用高分辨率机载SAR影像进行解译时必须熟悉其成像机理和图像信息特点,充分了解SAR图像解译标志的特点和各类地物的解译规律。本文以高分辨率机载SAR数据为基础,对比光学影像,从SAR成像特点和地物散射特性出发,对SAR影像进行了目视解译,分析了SAR影像在地形地物要素识别中的应用潜力。