赞比亚西北省铜-钴矿地质及找矿潜力

[摘 要]赞比亚位于著名的中非新元古代沉积型铜（-钴）矿带上,铜带省和西北省是该国最主要的铜-钴矿集中分布区;相对于找矿程度已经很高的铜带省,西北省成矿地质条件优越,且地质工作程度较低,因此拥有巨大的找矿潜力,已成为该国找矿突破的重点区域。目前西北省主要著名的矿山/矿床有3个：坎桑希、卢穆瓦纳、卡伦比拉。这些铜-钴-金-铀-镍矿床的含矿地层、矿化特征与铜带省传统经典的沉积型铜-钴矿既有相似性,又明显具有差别。本文通过对西北省区域地质和已发现矿床地质特征的介绍,对该省的找矿潜力进行初步分析。     

Homogeneity and mechanical behaviors of sands improved by a temperature-controlled one-phase MICP method

Acta Geotechnica - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been actively investigated as a promising method to improve soil properties. A burning issue impeding its wide application...     

基于立方体模型的三维矿体模拟与资源评估

在成矿预测理论的指导下,利用已有的商业三维地质建模软件,建立了研究区地质、构造、钻孔、矿体的空间三维模型。在此基础上进行矿体品位估算与插值,建立了研究区立方体预测模型。从三维的角度分析矿体分布的不均匀性,以立方体预测模型为基础,应用三维矿体轮廓提取和品位描述算法,对矿体三维外部形态和内部品位的分布特征进行了详细分析,为今后矿区找矿指出了新方向。     

龙滩库区库水加卸载过程深部电阻率变化与水库地震

广西龙滩库区于2009年度至2010年2个年度库水加卸载及渗透过程中,在交比屯、坪上、中良坪和向阳4个地点进行了5期次大地电磁定点测量,观测频段为320 Hz~1000 s.结合区域深部电性结构探测研究成果分析.结果显示,4个测点位于不同的岩性和深部电性结构区域,4个测点上观测的5期次视电阻率值发生变化的频段不同,位于库区中游的坪上、中良坪和向阳3个测点上5期次测量的视电阻率数值在频率1 Hz以下频段在高水位时段测量值小、在低水位时段测量值大,位于库首区域的交比屯测点在最高水位时段视电阻率数值最小,说明库水在加卸载及渗透过程中对地下介质有明显影响,库区上游库水渗透影响深度可达7 km左右,在坝首区域可达10 km.龙滩水库区4个地震丛集区中的3个地震丛集区的震源区位于具有低阻特性的二迭系下统和石炭系地层的下部,以岩溶水体诱发地震为主;位于坝首地震丛集区的震源区位于上宽下窄似"铆钉状"的高阻体下部,推测是因水库蓄水后水体压力增大和库水渗透作用下,在聚集高变形能的脆性高电阻体内部发生的地震.电磁探测结果说明库水渗透对龙滩水库区地震孕育和发生起着重要、直接的作用.     

无人职守地震台站远程监控系统的设计与实现

针对目前无人值守台站增加、台站系统运行维护存在的不足等现状,设计了一种基于传感技术及嵌入式技术的地震台站远程监控系统,以单片机为主控制器,实现对台站设备运行状态、UPS电源情况的检测;接收监控中心的指令,同时将检测到的异常信息及时上传至监控中心。与目前的技术系统相比,地震台站远程监控系统能实时自动判断出台站故障点位置,并通过短信、声音等形式进行报警,提升了故障排查效率。实际运行结果表明该系统运行可靠,有效提高了数字地震台网的工作效率。     

土层地震反应中软弱夹层对加速度反应谱的影响

为了研究土层地震反应中软弱夹层对加速度反应谱的影响,本文构造了多种包含不同厚度、不同位置软夹层的土层结构,通过国内地震安评通用的ESE软件进行计算、分析。研究结果表明,软夹层的厚度、位置、输入地震动的幅值等对加速度反应谱均有不同程度的影响,上部含有软夹层的土层结构能造成反应谱出现双峰现象,引起加速度反应谱特征周期变大。本文研究结果对软土地区工程抗震设计有一定参考价值。     

不规则框架结构的组合隔震反应分析

为研究不规则框架隔震结构的地震反应,分别对一个传统抗震结构、一个铅芯叠层橡胶支座隔震结构和四个组合隔震结构(隔震层由铅芯支座和滑板支座组成)进行了弹塑性地震反应时程分析,研究隔震支座参数对隔震效果的影响。结果表明:采用组合隔震技术时,合理选择隔震层的铅芯支座布置位置、滑板支座的摩擦系数和铅芯叠层橡胶支座的型号,可以有效地降低上部结构的扭转效应;对于不规则的建筑隔震结构,为减小地面运动带来的扭转效应,建议采用由铅芯支座和滑板支座组合而成的隔震层,可对上部结构的扭转起到很好的抑制作用。     

Precursor times of abnormal <Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis>-values prior to mainshocks

Seismic observations exhibit the presence of abnormal b-values prior to numerous earthquakes. The time interval from the appearance of abnormal b-values to the occurrence of mainshock is called the precursor time. There are two kinds of precursor times in use: the first one denoted by T is the time interval from the moment when the b-value starts to increase from the normal one to the abnormal one to the occurrence time of the forthcoming mainshock, and the second one denoted by T _p is the time interval from the moment when the abnormal b-value reaches the peak one to the occurrence time of the forthcoming mainshock. Let T* be the waiting time from the moment when the abnormal b-value returned to the normal one to the occurrence time of the forthcoming mainshock. The precursor time, T (usually in days), has been found to be related to the magnitude, M, of the mainshock expected in a linear form as log(T)?=?q?+?rM where q and r are the coefficient and slope, respectively. In this study, the values of T, T _p , and T* of 45 earthquakes with 3?≤?M?≤?9 occurred in various tectonic regions are compiled from or measured from the temporal variations in b-values given in numerous source materials. The relationships of T and T _p , respectively, versus M are inferred from compiled data. The difference between the values of T and T _p decreases with increasing M. In addition, the plots of T*/T versus M, T* versus T, and T* versus T-T* will be made and related equations between two quantities will be inferred from given data.     

Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by the 2013-04-20 Lushan earthquake,China

The 2013-04-20 Lushan earthquake(seismic magnitude Ms 7.0 according to the State Seismological Bureau)induced a large number of landslides.In this study,spatial characteristics of landslides are developed by interpreting digital aerial photography data.Seven towns near the epicenter,with an area of about 11.11 km2,were severely affected by the earthquake,and 703 landslides were identified from April 24,2013 aerial photography data over an area of 1.185 km2.About 55.56% of the landslide area was less than 1000 m2,whereas about 3.23 % was more than 10,000 m2.Rock falls and shallow landslides were the most commonly observed types in the study area,and were primarily located in the center of Lushan County.Most landslide areas were widely distributed near river channels and along roads.Five main factors were chosen to study the distribution characteristics of landslides:elevation,slope gradients,fault,geologic unit and river system.The spatial distribution of coseismal landslides is studied statistically using both landslide point density(LPD),defined as the number of landslides(LS Number)per square kilometer,and landslide area density(LAD),interpreted as the percentage of landslides area affected by earthquake.The results show that both LPD and LAD have strong positive correlations with five main factors.Most landslides occurred in the gradient range of 40°-50° and an elevation range of 1.0-1.5 km above sea level.Statistical results also indicate that landslides were mainly formed in soft rocks such as mudstone and sandstone,and concentrated in IX intensity areas.     

基于T梁三维声波模拟信号的S变换时频分析技术

混凝土T梁在我国桥梁建设中发挥了越来越重要的作用,由于其结构的复杂性,目前基于T梁预应力束孔管道无损检测方法正处于理论探究阶段.三维声波数值模拟作为一种有效的、常规的正演手段被大量的应用于合成记录的生成中,本文参照实际T梁模型的大小设置了一组模型参数,并进行了三维声波数值模拟,分析了不同位置所接收到的多道记录信号,给出了不同时刻剖面的波场快照图.同时,采用了S变换时频分析方法,提取了频率为25Hz时间域的能量分布图,得到了数值模拟信号的时频联合特征,在S变换时频剖面上能更加清晰的识别低速异常体的分布位置.结果表明:声波法可用于T梁预应力束孔管道无损检测中,S变换时频分析方法有助于提高声波数据解释的准确性.