滇东南富宁地区基性侵入岩与峨眉山地幔柱存在成因关系吗?——来自1∶5万洞波幅和皈朝幅地质填图的证据

在滇东南富宁地区,出露一系列以辉绿岩为主、含少量辉长辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩的基性侵入岩。根据地球化学、同位素地球化学以及锆石U-Pb年代学等分析结果,前人将这些基性侵入岩视作峨眉山大火成岩省的组成部分,源自峨眉山地幔柱。国内外研究的共识认为,峨眉山地幔柱活动发生于263~252Ma之间,持续时间极短。在开展1∶2.5万大比例尺地质调查与填图(洞波幅和皈朝幅1∶5万地质调查手图)过程中,我们发现,这些基性侵入岩不仅侵入古生代地层,还侵入了富宁县皈朝一带的晚二叠世-中三叠世岛弧玄武安山岩(255~241Ma)以及早-中三叠世地层。这些地质事实表明,富宁地区基性侵入岩的形成时代至少晚于中三叠世Anisian期或更晚,与峨眉山地幔柱活动时代存在很大的时差,岩石类型与组合上也与峨眉山大火成岩省的有很大差异。根据我们填图过程中获得的基本地质事实分析,滇东南富宁地区的基性侵入岩是华南地块与北越地块间的古特提斯分支洋盆闭合、两个地块碰撞造山(即印支造山)后的岩浆活动产物,与峨眉山地幔柱没有成因关系。     

辽西阜新盆地下白垩统沙海组油源再认识

<正>1研究目的(Objective)下白垩统九佛堂组及沙海组烃源岩是辽宁西部阜新盆地最重要的两套烃源岩。一般认为,沙海组烃源岩为一套煤系偏腐殖型烃源岩,以生气为主;九佛堂组为湖相偏腐泥型烃源岩,以生油为主。已有文献报道也表明阜新盆地各层位包括沙海组原油与九佛堂组烃源岩有密切的亲缘关系,而与沙海组烃源岩关系不大。沙海组内部具备自生自储的油气成藏条件,沙海组烃源岩能否作为油源对沙海组储层形成有效供油,是本文研究的目的。     

Tectonic-Thermal Evolution History and Its Controls on Petroleum Geology of Weibei Uplift

<正>1 Introduction The Weibei Uplift is located in the southwest of the North China Plate,where is the stable block(the Ordos Block)in the north and the active belt(the QinlingOrogenic Belt)in the south(Ren et al,2014,2015).And the belt is separated from the Weihe basin.The Weibei uplift has a uniform crystalline basement with the North     

低渗透油藏菱形反九点井网不等缝长优化研究

在低渗透油藏开发中广泛使用菱形反九点井网,但针对不同位置生产井及注水井的裂缝缝长配比关系还缺少广泛深入的研究。基于长庆油田某低渗透油藏参数,建立了数值模拟模型,在菱形反九点井网中分别设置不同的边井、角井和注水井裂缝穿透比,研究不同裂缝配置模式对水驱开发效果的影响。流线模拟及数值模拟计算结果表明,在注水开发中,注水井缝长是影响油田产液量及水驱效果的关键因素;边井裂缝较角井裂缝更易见水,对油田综合含水影响较大,在菱形反九点井网中需要进行不等缝长优化设计;边井裂缝缝长对水驱效果的影响分为早、中、晚期(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)曲线段,随着注水井裂缝穿透比增加,早期(Ⅰ)曲线段增长,中期(Ⅱ)曲线段缩短,而晚期(Ⅲ)曲线段变化较小;随着角井裂缝穿透比增加,采出程度逐渐增大,当角井裂缝穿透比较大时,存在“反转”现象;随着注水井裂缝穿透比增加,角井裂缝优化穿透比减小,而边井裂缝优化穿透比增加。该研究成果对于指导低渗透油藏菱形反九点井网裂缝优化设计,提高波及系数和开发效果具有重要的指导意义。     

Geochronology, Petrology and Geochemistry of Xingdi No. 3 Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions in the Northeastern Tarim Craton, NW China

The Xingdi mafic-ultramafic intrusions occur in the northeastern margin of the Tarim craton. The Xingdi No. 3 intrusion is the smallest of four intrusions, with an exposed area of 1.7 km~2, and the zircon U-Pb age of the intrusion is 752±4 Ma. The intrusion consists of gabbros, pyroxenites and peridotites, and exhibits a crystallization sequence of the main rock-forming minerals as olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Mineralization occurred at or near the boundaries of the intrusion between pyroxenites and peridotites, and appears as a layered or lenticular shape about 500 m long and 4–15 m wide. The primary sulfides have a relatively simple mineralogy dominated by pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite assemblages, which occur as droplet, star-like and graphic texture and locally sideronitic structures. Geochronological and geochemistry investigations suggest that the Xingdi mafic-ultramafic intrusions and coeval volcanic rock in the Kuluktag area of the Tarim craton formed in an intracontinental breakup environment. Based on the composition of the dominant rockforming minerals and covariant relationships of other oxides versus Mg O, the parental magma of the Xingdi No.3 intrusion belongs to high-Mg tholeiitic basaltic magmas with Mg O of 10.78 wt%. The Xingdi No.3 intrusive rocks are characterized by light REE enrichment relative to heavy REE, negative Nb-Ta anomalies, low ~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd ratios(from 0.511183 to 0.511793) and high initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios(from 0.7051 to 0.7113). The magma was derived from the enriched-lithospheric mantle and was contaminated during emplacement. According to rock assemblages, mineralization, olivine characteristics, geochemical characteristics and mass balance, there are better copper-nickel ore prospects in the Xingdi No.3 intrusion than in the other three intrusions in the area.     

Geochemistry, Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotopes of Peraluminous Granitic Porphyry from the Walegen Au Deposit, West Qinling Terrane

Walegen Au deposit is closely correlated with granitic intrusions of Triassic age, which are composed of granite and quartz porphyries. Both granite porphyry and quartz porphyry consist of quartz, feldspar and muscovite as primary minerals. Weakly peraluminous granite porphyry(A/CNK=1.10–1.15) is enriched in LREE, depleted in HREE with Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies, and displays subduction-related geochemistry. Quartz porphyry is strongly peraluminous(A/CNK=1.64–2.81) with highly evolved components, characterized by lower TiO_2, REE contents, Mg~#, K/Rb, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf ratios and higher Rb/Sr ratios than the granite porphyry. REE patterns of quartz porphyry exhibit lanthanide tetrad effect, resulting from mineral fractionation or participation of fluids with enriched F and Cl. LAICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates quartz porphyry formed at 233±3 Ma. The ages of relict zircons from Triassic magmatic rocks match well with the detrital zircons from regional area. In addition, ε_(Hf)(t) values of Triassic magmatic zircons from the granite and quartz porphyries are -14.2 to -9.1(with an exception of +4.1) and -10.8 to -8.6 respectively, indicating a crustal-dominant source. Regionally, numerous Middle Triassic granitoids were previously reported to be formed under the consumption of Paleotethyan Ocean. These facts indicate that the granitic porphyries from Walegen Au deposit may have been formed in the processes of the closing of Paleotethyan Ocean, which could correlate with the arc-related magmatism in the Kunlun orogen to the west and the Qinling orogen to the east.     

岩溶铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染特征

以DX、DW铅锌矿区土壤为研究对象,利用原子吸收光谱法（AA800）、原子荧光光谱法（AF-640）测定土壤中铅、铬、镉、铜、锌、镍、汞和砷等重金属的含量,利用单因子污染指数法、N.L.Nemerow综合污染指数法对比分析土壤中重金属的污染特征,采用PCC统计学方法分析矿区土壤中重金属之间的相关性。结果表明:两矿区土壤中除Cu、Cr外,其余重金属均已对土壤造成单一或复合污染,其中Cd污染最为严重,对综合污染贡献最大。DX、DW矿区土壤重金属的Nemerow指数分别为27.61、63.54,均达到极强污染水平,且DW矿区污染较为严重。DX矿区,除Ni外,Pb、Cr等7种重金属元素之间存相关性;DW矿区,除Cr外,Pb、Ni等7种重金属元素之间存相关性,这可能与二矿区均属多金属伴生、共生矿床有关;土壤中各重金属总含量与pH值没有显著的相关性。研究结果将为合理制定矿区土壤污染的修复和治理措施提供依据。      

基于力学过程的蓄滞洪区洪水风险评估模型及应用

为定量评估分蓄洪工程启用过程中蓄滞洪区的洪水风险等级,创建了基于力学过程的蓄滞洪区洪水风险评估模型。该模型采用二维水动力学模块计算蓄滞洪区的洪水演进过程,利用洪水中人体跌倒失稳公式及洪水中房屋、农作物损失的计算关系式,评估各类受淹对象的洪水风险等级。然后将二维水动力学模块计算的洪水要素与两个物理模型试验值进行对比,表明二维水动力学模块的计算精度良好。最后计算了荆江分洪工程启用时分洪区内洪水的演进过程,并评估洪灾中群众的危险等级和财产损失。计算结果表明:洪水演进至140 h时,蓄滞洪区群众、房屋、水稻和棉花的平均损失率分别为85%、59%、63%和72%。模型中提出的采用基于受淹对象失稳机制的洪水风险分析方法,比以往经验水深法划分风险等级的适用性更好,不仅能为洪水风险管理及蓄滞洪区启用标准制定提供参考,也能推广应用于溃坝或堰塞湖溃决等极端洪水风险评估。     

突发水污染事故中污染物输移主导水动力识别——以深圳湾为例

河口地区感潮河段水动力过程复杂,为在突发水污染事故中合理制定精细化应急方案,基于环境流体水动力模型（EFDC）从水动力学角度对不同水文条件下深圳河口水域突发水污染事故的影响范围、时间及程度进行了数值模拟分析,提出了一种判断河口海湾地区主导水动力因素的分析方法。采用基于傅里叶变换的频谱分析法对事故中污染物输移扩散的主要影响因子进行了准确识别,并采用单因变量多因素方差分析法进行了印证。结果表明,潮流是感潮河段水动力过程的主要驱动因素,但在突发水污染事故中,深圳河各断面特征污染物浓度变化与陆地径流关系密切,径流是感潮河段内突发事故中特征污染物输移的主导动力因素。     

不同粒度颗粒在非恒定管流中跟随性试验

管道中固液两相流水击对管道和输送系统可能产生严重的破坏,而固液两相在这种非恒定流中的运动特性是计算最大水击压力变化的重要依据。采用粒子图像测速技术（Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV）,通过试验研究水击发生时,水平圆管中不同平均流速、颗粒粒径条件下,流体介质和粗颗粒在管道断面的速度分布以及粗颗粒跟随性的变化规律。研究结果表明:①在水击发生的不同时刻,圆管流中粗颗粒的流速在管道断面分布呈不规则的抛物线型分布,主要表现为靠近管道壁面底部的颗粒流速略小于靠近管道顶部流速,当颗粒粒径大于1.5 mm,平均流速小于2.5 m/s时,粗颗粒表现出明显的沉降特性;②粗颗粒的跟随性与颗粒受力有密切关系,其中颗粒速度与流体速度的变化量是影响颗粒受力的重要参数;③基于试验数据拟合得到了水击条件下粗颗粒跟随性系数k的经验公式,并分析了颗粒粒径、管道直径、两相流平均流速以及水击发生时间等不同参数对粗颗粒跟随性系数的影响,公式计算值与实测值之间的误差在5%以内。