CAS FGOALS-g3 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Scenario Model Intercomparison Project(ScenarioMIP)

This paper describes the datasets from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project(ScenarioMIP) simulation experiments run with the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model,GridPoint version 3(CAS FGOALS-g3). FGOALS-g3 is driven by eight shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs) with different sets of future emission, concentration, and land-use scenarios. All Tier 1 and 2 experiments were carried out and were initialized using historical runs. A branch run method was used for the ensemble simulations. Model outputs were three-hourly, six-hourly, daily, and/or monthly mean values for the primary variables of the four component models. An evaluation and analysis of the simulations is also presented. The present results are expected to aid research into future climate change and socio-economic development.     

Machine Learning-based Weather Support for the 2022 Winter Olympics

正1.A key support for the 2022 Winter Olympics The XXIV Olympic Winter Games are scheduled to take place from 4 to 22 February 2022, followed by the Paralympic Games from 4 to 13 March, in Beijing and towns in the neighboring Hebei Province, China. Weather plays an extremely important role in the outcome of the games (Chen et al., 2018). It can not only cause a difference between a medal or not, but affect the safety of athletes. Success of the Winter Olympics will greatly depend on weather conditions at the outdoor competition venues, dealing with many weather elements including the snow surface temperature, apparent tem-     

Hiatus of wetland methane emissions associated with recent La Niña episodes in the Asian monsoon region

The variability of methane emissions from wetlands in the tropics and northern temperate regions can explain more than 70% of the interannual variation in global wetland methane emissions, which are largely driven by climate variability. We use climate reanalysis, remote sensing wetland area dataset and simulations from 11 land models contributing to Global Methane Budget to investigate the interannual variation and anomalies of wetland methane emissions in the Asian Monsoon region. Methane emissions in this region steadily increased over 2000–2012. However, abnormally low methane emissions were found in equatorial fully humid (Af), warm temperate winter dry (Cw), and warm temperate fully humid (Cf) Asian Monsoon climate sub-regions in 2008, 2009 and 2011, respectively. These spatially-shifting low emissions occurred simultaneously with observed wetland area shrinkage due to abnormally low precipitation. Interannual variability of wetland methane emissions in Asian Monsoon region are primarily driven by South Asian Monsoon system. However, the abnormally low emissions are related to strong La Niña events, and its accompanying effect of weakened East Asian Monsoon system and eastward Western Pacific subtropical high, which drives the shifting pattern of rainfall, and thus the spatial pattern of methane emission anomalies.     

江西省北部一次冰雹过程可预报性分析

利用EC数值预报产品对2018年江西省北部一次降雹过程的高空形势及相关物理量预报场进行分析,结果表明：高空槽、低层切变线、地面倒槽辐合线,“上干冷下暖湿”的层结分布及冷锋前部近乎稳定层结存储的中等到强的不稳定能量,中等到强的垂直风切变,持续偏强的上升运动等,是此次冰雹天气发生的主要原因。EC数值预报模式对于天气尺度系统、中小尺度辐合线、对流有效位能及上升运动等有一定的预报能力,特别是对0 ℃和-20 ℃高度和整层的垂直环境层结预报效果很好,具有明显的“上干冷下暖湿”特征;但对于地面温度湿度预报出现系统性偏低,对低层西南急流预报较实况偏小,有其一定的局限性。     

西北太平洋热带气旋气候变化的若干研究进展

简要回顾了近年来国内外在西北太平洋热带气旋活动的季节、年际和年代际变化方面的研究,涉及到热带低频振荡、厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(EI Ni(n)o-Southern oscillation,ENSO)、印度洋海盆增暖、准两年振荡(quasi-biennial oscillation,QBO)等对西北太平洋热带气旋活动气候变化的影响,以及ENSO与热带气旋活动年际相关的年代际变化,展望了该领域的研究前景,并提出当前此研究领域中一些亟需研究的科学问题.     

二级生化出水化学法深度除磷实验

以二级生化出水为对象,采用4种常规除磷剂开展了化学法深度除磷和投药量经验系数法研究.研究结果表明,FeCl₃在pH为7.5、投加量为6.5 mg/L条件下,Al₂(SO₄)₃在pH为6、投加量为3.75 mg/L条件下,可使出水总磷小于0.5 mg/L,且处理费用低廉,是生化出水深度除磷的适宜药剂.FeCl₃在除磷的同时,对COD也具有较好的去除效果,可作为总磷和COD均超标的二级生化出水深度处理的有效途径.投药量经验系数法可根据原水和出水的磷质量浓度,估算出除磷剂投加量,在工程实践中具有较大的参考价值.     

中国大气气溶胶辐射特性参数的观测与研究进展

长期系统的气溶胶辐射特性观测资料是定量研究气溶胶辐射和气候效应的重要基础.本文综合介绍中国大气气溶胶辐射特性观测与研究现状和成果,重点包括以下内容:地面太阳光度计联网观测气溶胶光学厚度、单次散射反照率、尺度谱;从全波段太阳辐射反演气溶胶光学厚度、单次散射反照率;浊度计和黑碳仪测量地面气溶胶散射系数和吸收系数;地基/星载激光雷达观测气溶胶(后向散射系数)垂直分布;极轨/静止卫星遥感反演气溶胶光学特性.     

地核能量的积累与释放

地核不仅具有巨量热能，而且有巨量旋转能，这是地球能量释放的内因；天文因素使地核产生周期性的南北振荡，是地球能量间歇性释放的外因。地质旋回与天文周期直接相关，可以根据天文周期预测未来的地质变化     

Genetic study of Kelp “901” strain

Based on DNA extraction and optimization of random amplified reaction (RAPD) to the gametophytes and sporophytes of Kelp “901” strain, genetic study on variation was conducted to its parents and offsprings of F6, F7,Fs, and F9 generation. RAPD results have shown that among 30 selected primers for gametophytes, 297 loci ranging from 200 to 3 000 bp were obtained in the average of 9,9 loci for each primer, This indicated a high polymorphic rate with RAPD detection. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) analysis showed that each male and female gametophyte of a generation could be clustered into one pair separately. The genetic distances of the Kelp 901 generation were 0.321 2-0.476 7, and the maximum was between F7 and Fs (0.476 7). Identity analysis showed that F6 generation was more close to the female parent (0.659 3), and F7 generation was more close to the male parent (0.5788). To the sporophytes study in 24 selected primers for RAPD amplification, 191 loci ranging from 230-2 800 bp were obtained, in the average to each primer of 8.0 loci. The heterozygosity to six populations were male parent (0.223 9),female parent (0.107 2), F6 (0.216 4), F7 (0.228 6), F8 (0.229 6) and F9 (0.317 2). The nearest genetic distance was 0.083 5 (Fs, F9). Total heterozygosity (HT) ofF6, F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.318 6, the average heterozygosity (Hs) for F6,F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.248 0, and deduced coefficient of population differentiation (Gst) was 22.2%. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) were preliminary screened through RAPD analysis. It needed to be verified in detail as they are significant for molecular marker assistance in breeding and selecting Laminaria.     

掌鳞刺属演化及晚泥盆世环境变迁

牙形石掌鳞刺属Palmatolepis齿台结构和形态随时间演替 ,由近正三角形向长三角形、长菱形演化 ,在F/F界线附近受地质事件的影响而中断 ,使Palmatolepis齿台结构呈二段式发展 ,在Palmatolepis的分子中 ,那些演化速度快 ,结构变化大的分子首先灭绝 ,而那些演化速度慢 ,结构变化小的分子延续时间长 ,分布范围也更加广泛 ,在地质事件中被保留下来并得以延续 ,这种演化规律可能是生物有选择性灭绝与复苏的原因之一。晚泥盆世F/F之交环境的变化可能是由于海退 ,海底毒气喷发 ,超量金属元素的污染造成的