胶东埠上金矿煌斑岩地球化学特征及成因

大量的研究资料表明煌斑岩与金矿在空间上、时间上具明显的对应关系。埠上金矿位于胶东玲珑金矿田西南方向的金岭金矿田的中北部;有关该矿区煌斑岩的研究资料较少。该文结合岩石学、矿物学、大地构造学等特征,对区内煌斑岩的地球化学进行了研究,揭示其内在成因,认为区内煌斑岩是因该区受到古太平洋板块的俯冲、华北板块与杨子板块碰撞造山及郯庐断裂带等构造岩浆活动的影响,俯冲洋壳析出的流体交代地幔形成的具氧化性的EM1型富集型地幔岩浆于造山拉张期在大陆活动边缘浅成侵入而成的。     

基于多元对应分析的国家地质公园综合价值及分类

目前地质公园的分类难以针对具有多重价值属性的各类地质公园提出行之有效的分类管理模式。提出基于综合价值的国家地质公园分类模式,建立了国家地质公园综合价值评价指标,通过问卷调查与小组讨论获取了35个国家地质公园的量化综合价值评价指标数据,应用多元对应分析对量化数据进行统计处理,最后将35个国家地质公园分为禀赋型地质公园、生态型地质公园、成熟型地质公园、均衡型地质公园和发展型地质公园五大类,为国家地质公园分类管理提供依据。     

Latitudinal change in benthic foraminiferal fauna by ITCZ movement along the ~131°W transect in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

Modern and fossil benthic foraminifera were examined from nine surface sediments and two piston cores along the ~131°W transect in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. This study was conducted to clarify the biotic response of abyssal benthic foraminifera during the last 220 ka to changes in the seasonal extent of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The abundance of modern benthic foraminifera was high at stations between the equator and 6°N, whereas it was low at stations north of 6°N, which is generally consistent with the latitudinal CaCO₃ distribution of surface sediments. The northward increase of Epistominella exigua from the equator to ~6°N is similar to the seasonal variations in chlorophyll-a concentrations in the surface water and ITCZ position along ~131°W. This species was more common at core PC5103 (~6°N) than at core PC5101 (~2°N) after ~130 ka, when the Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’) between the two cores started to diverge. Hence, the presentday latitudinal difference in benthic foraminifera (E. exigua and species diversity) between ~2°N and ~6°N along ~131°W has been generally established since ~130 ka. According to the modern relationship between the seasonality of primary production and seasonal ITCZ variations in the northern margin of the ITCZ, the latitudinal divergence of benthic foraminiferal fauna between ~2°N and ~6°N since ~130 ka appear to have been induced by more distinct variations in the seasonal movement of ITCZ.     

深海细菌太平洋火色杆菌中α-淀粉酶基因amy608的克隆表达及其酶学性质研究

从来自深海沉积物的太平洋火色杆菌(Flammeovirga pacifica)的基因组中发现了一个全长为1 875 bp的α-淀粉酶基因amy608.该基因在数据库中找不到具有同源性的序列,而所编码的Amy608蛋白与已注册蛋白的氨基酸序列相似性最高仅为56%,但具有α-淀粉酶水解活性所必需的保守基序DXEXD.进化树分析表明其属于糖苷水解酶13(GH13)家族第二亚家族.构建了p ColdΙ-amy608表达载体,在大肠杆菌中进行重组Amy608蛋白的异源表达,并采用镍离子亲和层析柱对重组蛋白进行了纯化.酶学性质分析表明,重组酶Amy608的最适作用温度为40℃,在40℃保温4 d后,仍保留70%以上的酶活,显示出良好的中温热稳定性;最适p H值为7.0,p H值范围在6~9时仍保留60%以上的酶活力,表明该酶具有较宽的p H值作用范围.Ca2+、Na+、K+对α-淀粉酶Amy608有激活作用,尤其是Ca2+可使酶活显著提高40%.薄层色谱分析结果显示该酶水解可溶性淀粉的最终产物以葡萄糖为主,表明该酶是一个糖化型淀粉水解内切酶.这些结果表明Amy608为GH13家族第二亚家族中一个新型的α-淀粉酶.     

深海细菌Pseudomonas sp. IOFA1中甲醛歧化酶FM11的纯化及性质研究

从印度洋深海沉积物中分离出一株能够高效降解甲醛的假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.IOFA1),该菌株可在40 min内完全降解100 mg/cm~3的甲醛.通过阴离子交换柱层析对菌株破碎液中的粗酶液进行纯化,得到一条具有甲醛降解活性的单一蛋白条带.经MALDI-TOF/TOF质谱鉴定,该蛋白为甲醛歧化酶蛋白(FM11).序列分析表明FM11与其它物种已知醛脱氢酶的氨基酸序列最高相似性为65%;结构域分析表明FM11含有2个保守的锌结合位点和一个NAD结合位点.酶学性质分析结果显示,FM11的最适反应温度为40℃,在25~50℃范围内能够保留95%以上的酶活力,尤其是在高于70℃的高温环境下仍保有约50%的活力,表现出广泛的温度适应性.FM11具有非常广泛的最适反应pH值范围(pH值为5~9),且在pH值4和pH值10时仍分别保留50%和80%左右的酶活力,表现出广泛的pH适应性.在pH值为5~7的条件下孵育1 h后,FM11仍保有97%以上的酶活,且在pH值为7~10条件下孵育1 h后,仍保留90%以上的酶活,表现出极好的酸性和碱性稳定性.Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)在低浓度时(0.5 mmol/dm~3)对FM11有较明显的激活作用.这些研究为我们进一步开发Pseudomonas sp.IOFA1甲醛歧化酶在降解甲醛方面的用途奠定了基础.     

Analysis of phenotypic and genetic parameters for growthrelated traits in the half smooth tongue sole, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cynoglossus semilaevis</Emphasis>

Phenotypic and genetic parameters for growth-related traits in the half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, were estimated in 22 full-sib families produced by normal and neo-male breeding stocks. As phenotypic males with female genotypes, neo-males are harmful in C. semilaevis aquaculture because they reduce overall production. The present study evaluated the difference in the growth-related traits: total length (TL), body weight (BW) and square root of body weight (SQ_BW) at the age of 570 days between normal and neo-male offspring (neo-males used as male parents). The difference in the proportion of females between normal and neo-male offspring was also assessed. Based on the linear mixed model, restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) were used to estimate various (co)variance components and estimated breeding values (EBVs) of growth-related traits. As a result, all the mean values of the three studied traits were significantly larger in normal offspring than in neo-male offspring. Additionally, the female proportion was significantly larger in normal offspring than in neo-male offspring. Heritability was 0.128±0.066 2 for TL, 0.128±0.065 5 for BW and 0.132±0.062 9 for SQ_BW, all of which were low level heritabilities. The correlation coefficients of EBVs and phenotypic values of the target traits were 0.516 for TL, 0.524 for BW and 0.506 for SQ_BW, all of which were highly significant (P <0.01). Genetic correlations among TL, BW and SQ_BW were positive high (0.921–0.969) and higher than those of phenotype (0.711–0.748), both of which had low standard errors (0.063–0.123 for genotype, and 0.010–0.018 for phenotype). Compared with normal offspring, neo-male offspring have lower breeding values for each studied trait through EBVs comparison. Therefore, neo-male offspring should not be used as broodstock in a C. semilaevis breeding programs.     

榆树林油田扶杨油层沉积岩地球化学特征及地质意义

三肇凹陷榆树林油田扶杨油层中泥岩、粉砂岩和砂岩样品主量元素和微量元素地球化学分析表明,多数主量元素含量中等,与全球平均大陆上地壳(UCC)相比,Fe_2O_3、MgO、CaO、Na_2O含量较低,而TiO_2、Al_2O_3、K_2O、MnO含量均略高;样品中的相容元素(V、Cr、Co、Ni等)含量均低于澳大利亚后太古宙页岩(PAAS)和UCC;稀土元素总量为102×10~(-6)~276×10~(-6),平均为188×10~(-6),与PAAS表现出相似的球粒陨石标准化曲线,显示了相似的物源和构造背景。元素间的相关性分析显示大部分元素与SiO_2负相关而与Al_2O_3正相关,说明大部分元素受到黏土矿物吸附作用的影响,石英与长石矿物对这些元素表现出一定的稀释效应。根据主元素物源判别方程图和Th-Hf-Co图投影及La/Hf、(Gd/Yb)N值,扶杨油层物源主要来自后太古宙长英质火山岩,可能卷入了部分再循环沉积岩。通过一系列的构造背景判别图解分析,表明扶杨油层沉积时以大陆岛弧环境为主。在对油层组进行了纵向古气候分析后,认为FI油层组沉积时处于一个构造活动强、干旱的环境中,所形成的沉积岩储层物性更好,是油气勘探开发的重点层位。     

Oil geochemistry derived from the Qinjiatun–Qikeshu oilfields: insight from light hydrocarbons

A suite of 27 oils from the Qinjiatun–Qikeshu oilfields in the Lishu Fault Depression of the Songliao Basin was analyzed using whole oil gas chromatography. In combination with the relative distribution of C₂₇, C₂₈, and C₂₉ regular steranes, detailed geochemical analyses of light hydrocarbons in oil samples revealed crude oils characterized by the dual input of lower aquatic organisms and higher terrestrial plants. Several light hydrocarbon indicators suggest that the liquid hydrocarbons have maturities equivalent to vitrinite reflectances of around 0.78%–0.93%. This is consistent with the maturity determination of steranes C₂₉ 20S/(20S + 20R) and C₂₉ ααβ/(ααα + αββ). Crude oils derived from the two distinct oilfields likely both have source rocks deposited in a lacustrine environment based on light hydrocarbon parameters and on higher molecular weight hydrocarbon parameters. The results show that light hydrocarbon data in crude oils can provide important information for understanding the geochemical characteristics of the Qinjiatun–Qikeshu oils during geologic evolution.     

Tectono–Thermal Evolution, Hydrocarbon Filling and Accumulation Phases of the Hari Sag, in the Yingen–Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

This work restored the erosion thickness of the top surface of each Cretaceous formations penetrated by the typical well in the Hari sag, and simulated the subsidence burial history of this well with software BasinMod. It is firstly pointed out that the tectonic subsidence evolution of the Hari sag since the Cretaceous can be divided into four phases: initial subsidence phase, rapid subsidence phase,uplift and erosion phase, and stable slow subsidence phase. A detailed reconstruction of the tectonothermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories of typical well was undertaken using the EASY R_0% model, which is constrained by vitrinite reflectance(R_0) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. In the rapid subsidence phase, the peak period of hydrocarbon generation was reached at c.a.105.59 Ma with the increasing thermal evolution degree. A concomitant rapid increase in paleotemperatures occurred and reached a maximum geothermal gradient of about 43-45℃/km. The main hydrocarbon generation period ensued around 105.59-80.00 Ma and the greatest buried depth of the Hari sag was reached at c.a. 80.00 Ma, when the maximum paleo-temperature was over 180℃.Subsequently, the sag entered an uplift and erosion phase followed by a stable slow subsidence phase during which the temperature gradient, thermal evolution, and hydrocarbon generation decreased gradually. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was discussed based on homogenization temperatures of inclusions and it is believed that two periods of rapid hydrocarbon accumulation events occurred during the Cretaceous rapid subsidence phase. The first accumulation period observed in the Bayingebi Formation(K_1 b) occurred primarily around 105.59-103.50 Ma with temperatures of 125-150℃. The second accumulation period observed in the Suhongtu Formation(K_1 s) occurred primarily around84.00-80.00 Ma with temperatures of 120-130℃. The second is the major accumulation period, and the accumulation mainly occurred in the Late Cretaceous. The hydrocarbon accumulation process was comprehensively controlled by tectono-thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history. During the rapid subsidence phase, the paleo temperature and geothermal gradient increased rapidly and resulted in increasing thermal evolution extending into the peak period of hydrocarbon generation,which is the key reason for hydrocarbon filling and accumulation.