Quantifying the energetic feedbacks in ENSO

Climate Dynamics - Energetic feedbacks play important roles during the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Here we conduct a thorough analysis of the radiative and non-radiative vertical...     

北大西洋臭氧极小值和北太平洋极大值及其相互关系

利用1979～2002年TOMS卫星观测资料,采用臭氧总量纬向偏差和区域强迫的分析方法,研究北大西洋东北部大气臭氧低值与北太平洋西北部臭氧高值的季节变化过程和相互关系.研究表明,(1)北大西洋东北部存在一个大气臭氧极小值,年平均臭氧总量比纬向平均值低20 DU以上,冬季低50 DU以上; 北太平洋西北部存在一个大气臭氧极大值,年平均臭氧总量比纬向平均值高35 DU以上,冬季高70 DU以上.(2)上述两个地区大气臭氧的季节变化具有很强的区域特征,区域大气动力学输送和化学过程对上述两个地区大气臭氧季节变化的强迫分别为50.3%和42.6%.(3)上述两个地区大气臭氧纬向偏差的季节变化间存在很好的反相关,相关系数达到-0.98,说明其臭氧区域强迫之间存在良好的关系.     

斯堪的那维亚臭氧亏损和地面加热

对ＮＡＳＡ的ＴＯＭＳ臭氧资料进行分析后指出：冬季在北极的斯堪的那维亚地区存在一个明显的臭氧亏损区，亏损区的中心值达－５０ ＤＵ，相当于该区域平均值的 １５％。对臭氧亏损和北大西洋海温的东西向差异作相关分析得到：其季节变化的相关系数为－０．９６，逐月（ １６８个月）变化的相关系数为－０．７０。同样对臭氧亏损与地面加热进行相关分析后指出：斯堪的那维亚地区的臭氧亏损和该地区地面的热通量关系极其密切，其相关系数均在－０．８７以上。由此我们认为：北大西洋暖流向北输送能量，引起斯堪的纳维亚地区地面加热，由此造成了冬季该地区的臭氧亏损。     

春季海平面气压指数与我国夏季降水的关系

对近五十年全球海面平气压场和我国夏季水资料进行奇异值分解，得到海平面气压场与夏季降水的分布特征及其反映年际变化的关键区，据此分别构造了春季（3－5月）经向气压指数（IMP),纬向气压指数（IZP）。结果表明；长江中下游夏季旱涝的发生与前期春季的环流异常有关，春季IMP和IZP与长江中下游夏季降水有很好的相关性，并能有效地反映极端降水（旱／涝）情况。在强（弱）气压指数年，长江中下游地区降水偏多（少）。同时两气压指数与华南地区夏季降水有显著的负相关，这与我国东部长江中下游与华南地区降水互相关相一致。因此，春季IMP和IZP具有预报意义。     

一次强雨凇造成的供电中断事故天气分析

作者介绍了１９９４年１１月１５日，由邹县电厂至淄博５００ｋＶ超高压输电线路＃４４８ＺＭ塔倒塔事故的情况。并对造成这次倒塔事故的天气条件进行了分析     

Numerical integration of a linear barotropic model using three methods of treating meteorological and gravitational modes separately

Summary The analytical solution of a linear barotropic model is derived, including details of the quasi-geostrophic initialization procedure. The prognostic equations are integrated using three different methods of treating the meteorological and gravitational modes separately. These are a semi-Eulerian, semi-implicit (EI) technique, a semi-Lagrangian, semi-implicit (LI) procedure, and a split-explicit (SE) method. The stability criteria and phase speeds are derived for each of the three techniques.The following theoretical conclusions are derived. Of course, in actual numerical integrations particularly those using more complex models, the results are not so unequivocal.The stability of the EI procedure is governed by the CFL criterion for the meteorological mode. Gravity waves have no effect on the timestep but move more slowly than the analytical waves. The LI method is unconditionally stable with respect to both meteorological and gravitational modes. There is thus no timestep restriction. However, the gravity waves have the same reduced phase speed as in the EI technique. The SE procedure has CFL timestep criteria for both the meteorological and gravitational calculations. However, its gravity wave phase speeds are relatively accurate. Moreover, it is the only one of the three methods that handles the nearly-compensating pressure gradient and Coriolis forces together. From the point of computational efficiency, the LI technique is probably the best.     

The spatial–temporal variations in optical properties of atmosphere aerosols derived from AERONET dataset over China

The spatial–temporal properties of aerosol types over China are studied using the radiance measurements and inversions data at four Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations in China. Based on a cluster analysis, five aerosol classes were identified including a coarse-sized dominated aerosol type (presumably dust) and four fine-sized dominated aerosol types ranging from non-absorbing to highly absorbing fine aerosols. The optical properties and seasonal variations of these aerosol types are investigated. The results of analysis show that: (1) the highly absorbing aerosols usually occur in winter, (2) non-absorbing aerosols are frequently observed in summer; (3) coarse-sized dominated aerosols are frequently occurred in spring.     

黄渤海北部沿海大风时空变化特征

基于1971-2008年黄渤海北部沿海18个基本气象站风向、风速历史资料和NCEP再分析资料,利用统计学、小波分析和天气学分型方法分析了黄渤海北部辽宁沿海风场时空变化特征。结果表明：黄渤海北部沿海大风呈明显减少趋势,大风主要出现在春季,4月最多,11月份次之。风向主要以偏北风和偏南风为主,夏半年主要以南风为主,冬半年盛行偏北风。海上大风的天气学分型主要划分为冷锋后部型、高压后部型、台风型和气旋型,其中气旋型又包括江淮气旋型、华北气旋型、蒙古气旋型和东北低压型;冷锋后部型大风出现次数最多,气旋型次之,台风型最少。     

用NOAA卫星监测甘肃森林草原火灾

本文介绍利用ＮＯＡＡ极轨气象卫星ＡＶＨＲＲ资料监测森林草原火点的原理和方法。对甘肃省１９９２年１０月至１９９６年１２月监测到的火点进行时空统计，分析了火灾监测中可能产生的误差原因，并提出相应改进措施。     

水汽瞬态相变的激波管实验研究进展

从激波管内水汽瞬态相变实验研究的角度出发，探讨利用激波管理论及实验技术应用于人工影响降雨、消雹所涉及的云雾瞬态相变问题。首先介绍利用激波管研究水汽瞬态相变的概况，并介绍一些特殊激波管及实验状态的控制。然后介绍激波管内水汽相变过程研究的测试原理及方法。最后讨论在研究爆炸方法进行人工降雨、消雹和自然闪电、雷击等问题时，应用激波管理论及实验技术进行实验研究爆炸作用于云雾等微物理过程的方法和内容