北京居民主观幸福感评价及影响因素研究

随着生活水平的提高,越来越多的居民开始重视自身生活的幸福程度.学术界对个体主观幸福感的关注虽然由来已久,但是鲜见从地理学角度出发的研究,尤其是评价影响主观幸福感的因素.本文以北京为例,基于大规模问卷调查,构建了个体主观幸福感影响因素框架,分析了不同社会属性人群的主观幸福感差异,并利用多元线性回归模型测度了制度与政策等因素对个体主观幸福感的影响.结果发现:不同社会经济属性个体的主观幸福感差异明显;制度因素对个体幸福感有显著影响,拥有本地户口居民的主观幸福感显著高于外地户口居民;工作时间和通勤时间的增加都能降低个体的主观幸福感;迁居能提高个体的生活满意度,然而频繁迁居和更换工作却会降低个体的生活满意度.     

中国重大科技计划中人文-经济地理学研究进展

为跟踪世界科技的最新进展,解决中国快速发展过程中所面临的关键性和突出性重大问题,中国政府开展了一系列重大科技专项计划,如科技支撑计划等。气候变化、地表过程、土地利用、自然灾害是近年来人文一经济地理学者参与最广、研究最深的领域,在地表过程的人文驱动机制、资源环境承载能力评价等方面取得了重大进展和突破,为政府编制规划、开展环境外交等提供了科学依据。本文分析了上述研究计划的基本概貌,以及人文一经济地理学者在其中承担的主要任务。从个人终端消费导向的碳足迹研究、人文地理过程的系统动力学研究、土地利用重点问题咨询与决策、灾区资源环境承载能力评价等方面总结了人文一经济地理学在其中做出的主要贡献和社会影响。     

自适应距离和模糊拓扑优化的模糊聚类SAR影像变化检测

针对模糊聚类算法的不足,结合差分影像的特点,提出一种基于自适应距离（adaptive distance）和模糊拓扑（fuzzy topology）理论的SAR影像变化检测技术框架（FATCD）。FATCD首先基于自适应距离公式提出一种自适应的样本到聚类中心的距离计算方法,优化了聚类过程中像元隶属度的计算公式,提高了模糊隶属度函数的准确程度;而后利用模糊拓扑理论改进传统去模糊化方式最大隶属度原则,从而增强了去模糊化过程。借助这两点,FATCD提高了模糊聚类变化检测的性能。两组真实SAR影像数据的试验结果表明本文方法可行、有效。     

Metallogenic regularity and mineral prediction of metallic deposits in Baiyin mine field and its periphery of Gansu Province

Through the mineral prospecting project in Baiyin mine field and its periphery of Gansu Province, the authors have delineated twelve 1:50 000 aeromagnetic anomaly areas, seven 1:50 000 high magnetic anomaly areas and sixty-four 1:50 000 geochemical prospecting anomaly areas. Besides, four mineral occurrences and six mineralized spots were found, including copper, lead, zinc etc. The temporal and spatial distribution of mineralization and the paragenesis and combination rules of mineral resources were also expounded, after a comprehensive study of the metallogenic geological conditions, 1:50 000 geochemical and geophysical anomalies and the characteristics of mineral occurrence distribution. The “multi-type” prospecting prediction model was concluded in the study area. Nine key metallogenic prospective areas were delineated, including three type A, two type B and four type C prospective areas. Four target prospecting areas were delineated, including one type A, one type B and two type C target prospecting areas.     

蠲痹历节清方对高尿酸血症模型大鼠干预作用的实验研究

目的：研究蠲痹历节清方对高尿酸血症模型大鼠的干预作用及机制。方法：将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,苯溴马隆组,蠲痹历节清方低、中、高剂量组,每组各10只。采用连续8d氧嗪酸钾100 mg/kg腹腔注射和次黄嘌呤500 mg/kg灌胃的方法复制高尿酸血症大鼠模型。实验第4天给予造模剂30 min后,各组分别予对应治疗药物干预,连续5 d。检测各组血尿酸（SUA）、血肌酐（SCr）和血尿素氮（BUN）含量,并观察肾脏组织病理变化。结果：与空白组比较,模型组大鼠SUA、BUN升高（P<0.05）,肾脏病理改变明显,提示造模成功;与模型组比较,蠲痹历节清方低、中、高剂量组SUA、BUN均降低,且随着剂量升高,SUA水平下降越明显（P<0.05）,各给药组大鼠肾脏组织病理改变较模型组均有不同程度的改善;各组SCr水平组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：蠲痹历节清方有明显的降尿酸作用,可改善模型大鼠肾脏组织病理损伤,保护肾功能,且降尿酸作用与肾损伤的治疗效果随着给药剂量的增加而越显著。     

Constrained edge dynamic deleting in CD-TIN based on influence domain retriangulation of virtual point

Constrained Delaunay triangulated irregular network is one kind of dynamic data structures used in geosciences. The research on point and edges insertion in CD-TIN is the basis of its application. Comparing with the algorithms of points and constrained edge insertion, there are very a few researches on constrained edge deletion in CD-TIN. Based on the analysis of the polymorphism of constrained edge, virtual points are used to describe the intersection of constrained edges. A new algorithm is presented, called as influence domain retriangulating for virtual point (IDRVP), to delete constrained edges with virtual points. The algorithm is complete in topology. Finally, the algorithm is tested by some applications cases.     

Seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete structures affected by the 2008 wenchuan earthquake

A total of 116 reinforced concrete building structures were surveyed after the earthquake that devastated Wenchuan, China, in 2008. Original construction drawings were obtained for all these buildings. The buildings were ranked according to the degree of damage caused by the ground motion. Two different methods were used to define degree of damage. In both cases, strong correlation was found between the frequency of damage and a vulnerability index proposed by Hassan and Sozen. The index was first calibrated using data from Turkey and it was later tested by O’Brien et al. using data from Haiti. The observed correlation confirms that the index can be used effectively to prioritize resources for building strengthening.     

高速铁路路基沉降预测编程实现及实例分析

选用拓展双曲线法、三点法和指数曲线法三种高速铁路路基沉降变形预测方法,以VC++为开发工具,通过MFC编程实现了高速铁路路基沉降变形的预测。并以新建哈尔滨西客运站工程Ⅱ标段DK919+950观测断面为实例,通过对实测工程数据的拟合得出了该断面的最优预测方法,为高标准铁路路基的沉降预测和铺轨提供参考。     

中国钢铁工业空间格局的演化及影响机制

钢铁工业作为基础性原材料工业,对国家或地区的经济社会发展有巨大的支撑作用。工业化和城市化进程会反作用于钢铁工业,促进其持续发展。由于中国不同地区的经济社会发展阶段不同,钢铁工业的空间格局因而呈现出分异。通过计算1985-2006年的钢产量的变异系数,探讨中国钢铁工业空间格局由集中转向扩散然后再次集聚的演化特征。20世纪70年代-80年代早期,中国钢铁工业主要集聚于辽宁、上海和湖北等少数省市;1985-2002年间,中国钢铁工业的空间分布逐渐向华北和华东地区扩散,钢铁工业的非均衡化发展态势有所缓和;2002年以后,这一空间格局逆转为向沿海地区特别是长三角和环渤海两大经济区集聚,中国钢铁工业的非均衡化发展态势再次加剧。其次,通过考察钢铁工业的产业集中度,在企业视角下考察中国钢铁工业空间格局的演化。最后,探讨了引导中国钢铁工业空间格局演化的影响机制,分析了市场需求、投资、原材料以及企业发展战略等因素在这一演化过程中的作用。