斜带髭鲷Hapalogenys nitens（Richardson）和横带髭鲷H．mucronatus （Eydoux et Souleyet）的核型

采用ＰＨＡ体内注射肾细胞直接制片法研究青岛近海常见经济鱼类斜带髭鲷和横带髭鲷的核型．得出核型公式前者为：２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋３６ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８，后者为２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋１４ｓｔ＋２４ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８。斜带钱绸核型中ｔ５和ｔ１６对染色体及横带货绸核型中ｔ７对染色体为具次缢痕的染色体。两种鱼的核型特点符合典型的高位类群鱼类核型特征。     

河北省沽源县张麻井铀钼矿"三位一体"找矿预测地质模型

河北张麻井铀钼矿是沽源-红山子铀成矿带上典型的次火山热液型矿床。通过对矿床成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面及蚀变特征、流体包裹体和同位素特征等成矿作用特征标志的总结研究, 构建出矿区"三位一体"找矿预测模型。模型指出, 早白垩世在断裂活动条件下, 地幔源成矿热流体混合大气降水上升, 活化基底老岩体和中生代酸性岩中的U、Mo等元素, 交代沉淀形成浸染状低品位矿化; 喜马拉雅期, 成矿热液沿岩体上下盘的构造裂隙带运移沉淀, 形成脉状铀钼矿化; 脉状矿化与浸染状矿化叠加, 最终形成张麻井富铀矿体。模型的建立为成矿带取得找矿突破奠定了坚实基础。     

辽宁义县萤石矿床成矿与构造的关系

辽宁义县地区的岩浆期后充填热液交代型萤石矿床的成矿质量与构造的型式和性质有着密切关系。研究证实,构造性质控制着形成萤石矿床的规模和质量。构造既是成矿热液运移通道,更重要的是提供有效的成矿贮矿空间。背斜构造成矿最好,成群出现近于平行的压扭性断裂构造破碎带次之,这两种性质的构造均能形成具有工业价值的萤石矿床。而张性(张扭性)构造破碎带中只能见到规模较小的萤石矿化。     

不同固化材料垫层在黄土中隔水能力及其垂直扩散特性

黄土作为地基材料时由于其湿陷性容易出现失稳现象,利用固化剂垫层改良黄土地基水稳性和强度的技术被广泛使用。本文主要通过在黄土中分别加入石灰、水泥和粉煤灰固化剂垫层的方法进行加固,测定了在垂直方向上各处的含水率、密度、干密度、土颗粒比表面积(SSA)及阳离子交换能力(CEC)的变化。试验表明石灰、水泥和粉煤灰垫层可以影响10～15cm范围内相邻土层含水率、密度、比表面积和阳离子交换能力,改变土质结构,提高土体的水稳性。改性后的土体越靠近固化剂垫层,含水率、SSA和CEC越小而密度越大。其中,石灰垫层效果最好,它能将黄土中含水率减小超过4%,密度增加1.0～1.5g cm-3,粉煤灰作用次之,水泥最弱。此外,试样土颗粒比表面积(SSA)与阳离子交换能力(CEC)存在线性递增的关系,本次试验中,3个试样中SSA与CEC之比均稳定于6.5～7.5之间。     

土遗址加固中GFRP锚杆锚固性能现场试验研究

为揭示GFRP锚杆在土遗址加固中的性能,进而克服现有竹、木、复合锚杆锚固的局限性,拓展该新型材料在古遗址加固中的应用,选择直径22mm和25mm的GFRP锚杆开展了现场锚固测试试验。通过单级和循环两种加载模式,获取了两种杆体的破坏模式与极限锚固力; 在杆体砂浆界面布设应变片,获取了受荷过程中界面监测点剪应变的变化特征与分布规律。结果表明：两种锚固系统均失效于砂浆土体界面,22mm GFRP杆体极限锚固力50kN,而25mm GFRP杆体超过120kN; 从加载端到末端监测界面剪应变呈衰减分布,在较大荷载下由于加载方向与杆体轴向微弱偏离导致局部出现受压现象,试验过程中监测界面未出现脱黏现象。研究表明GFRP锚杆可以部分替代复合锚杆,在土遗址载体加固中具有良好的应用前景。     

电导率连续变化的线源FCSEM有限元正演模拟

为了更好地模拟地下介质连续变化及开展连续介质的反演,对二维电导率分块线性变化的线源频率域可控源电磁法进行了有限元正演模拟,在剖分单元内同时对电场及电导率参数线性插值,使电导率参数在剖分单元之间保持连续变化。首先,提出有限元正演模拟的边值问题及变分问题,并详细论述了有限元的剖分、插值、单元分析及总体合成的各个步骤;其次,采用稀疏存储及基于不完全LU分解的BICGSTAB算法求解复系数方程组,节省了内存并提高了计算速度;然后,对一个均匀半空间模型进行模拟,计算结果表明,低频及高频的有限元数值解都与解析解吻合,证明了算法的正确性;最后,对水平层状模型及垂直断层模型进行正演计算,视电阻率及相位的等值线图均较好地反映出了异常体,说明文中算法能够对电导率连续变化的线源可控源电磁法进行有效地模拟。     

二人沟硼矿床断裂构造与找矿关系探讨

二人沟硼矿床发育有大规模北北东向的逆掩断层,但在以往的工作中对断层的特征了解得不甚清楚,以致于找矿工作未取得满意的效果。通过对原有资料的分析研究,总结出该断层的特征,有效地指导了找矿工作,取得了寻找隐伏矿体的重大进展。     

Pull-out behaviour of wood bolt fully grouted by PS-F slurry in rammed earth heritages

This article presents a laboratory and field investigation of pull-out resistance of wood bolts in rammed earth heritages. The laboratory testing involved axial tensile tests of four grout specimens prepared in specially designed moulds using PS-F (Potassium Silicate solution-Fly ash) slurry to investigate the performance of anchors. The field testing involved pull-out tests of three wood anchors installed in rammed earth heritages by gravity grouting. Experiments reveal that the failure mode is the pull-out of bolt from grout and average skin friction resistance of bolt–grout interface is approximately 0.34MPa. Load–displacement curves and elastic–residual displacement derived from cyclic loading indicate such anchor system has strong ductility with small elastic deformation and large residual deformation. Bond collapse firstly occurs at the loaded end and then propagates towards the full bonded length. Bond stress distribution is not uniform along the bonded length. Maximum bond stress distributes at the range from 0.3 m to 0.4 m. Emergence of compressive strain in the interface reveals such anchor system enjoys the advantages of both tensile and compressive anchor types, which significantly differs from results from other regular bolts. The research conclusion makes scientific senses to traditional material and craft in rammed earth heritages.     

Measurement and estimation of the summertime daily evapotranspiration on alpine meadow in the Qilian Mountains, northwest China

Research on mountain evapotranspiration (ET) is important to help understand water cycling and predict streamflow in cold regions in China. Actual daily ET was measured in two types of micro-lysimeters with depth 40 cm and diameter 31.5 cm (A) and depth 27 cm and diameter 27 cm (B), from 1 July 2007 to 10 September 2007, on an alpine meadow in the Qilian Mountains in northwest China, where Bowen ratio measuring instrument and eddy covariance system are too costly and difficult to be built in the region. The results of micro-lysimeters were used as a way to calibrate and test a number of energy balance methods and determine the pan coefficient (K _p) for a mountainous site. The results indicate that the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith offers the best performance, with RMSE of 0.61 mm day^?1, MAD of 0.46 mm day^?1, and the index of agreement near 1, followed by ASCE Penman–Monteith, Priestley–Taylor and Hargreaves–Samani, and the K _p is estimated as 0.7 for the summertime.