Multi-scale analysis on last millennium climate variations in Greenland by its ice core oxygen isotope

The empirical mode decomposition method is used for analyzing the paleoclimate proxy δ18O from Greenland GISP2 ice core.The results show that millennium climate change trends in Greenland record the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) from 860AD-1350AD lasting for about 490 years,and the Little Ice Age (LIA) from 1350AD-1920AD lasting about 570 years.During these events,sub cooling-warming variations occurred.Its multi-scale oscillations changed with quasi-period of 3-year,6.5-year,12-year,24-year,49-year,96-year,213-year and 468-year,and are not only affected by ENSO but also by solar activity.The oscillation of intrinsic mode function IMF7,IMF8 and their tendency obviously appear in 1350AD which is considered as the key stage of transformation between MWP and LIA.The results give more detailed changes and their stages of millennium climate change in high latitude areas of the Northern Hemisphere.     

西宁地震台地磁数字化与模拟记录对比分析

西宁地震台FHD数字化核旋仪从2006年10月安装以来,一直与模拟仪器并行工作。二者采样率不同,所测的量也不相同。在对西宁地震台磁变仪的记录图纸进行数字化转换、生成分钟值的基础上,对FHD仪和磁变仪的观测结果进行对比分析。结果表明:数字FHD仪比三分量磁变仪更加准确地记录了当地地磁场的变化,数字仪器的观测资料明显优于模拟仪器。     

Research and Practice on the Crustal Deformation Mobile Monitoring Network Layout in the Hydropower Station Reservoir Area

According to the construction project of the crustal deformation mobile monitoring network in the cascade hydropower stations built in the lower reaches of Jinsha River,this paper analyzes the design ideas and layout principles of crustal deformation mobile monitoring used in the monitoring of reservoir induced earthquakes. This paper introduces three types of monitoring networks used in the Xiluodu reservoir and Xiangjiaba reservoir, as well as the work already undertaken,in order to provide a kind of reference for the related engineering construction and comprehensive monitoring of reservoir induced earthquakes.     

Assessment of extreme drought and human interference on baseflow of the Yangtze River

Attention has been given to baseflow in large rivers, but up to now, no study on baseflow for the Yangtze River in combination with extreme drought and extensive human activities has been carried out. Discharge data in 2000–2005 and in the extreme drought years, 1978 and 2006, at stations along the main stream, lakes and distributaries of the Yangtze River were collected to analyse the features of baseflow in 2006 by using baseflow separation technique, HYSEP. It can be seen that the baseflow relative to the streamflow in 2006 was greater than those in other years. The variation of baseflow discharge in the Upper Yangtze River Stream (UYRS) was larger than that in the Mid‐Lower Yangtze River Stream (MLYRS). Human activities in MLYRS are more intensive than that in the UYRS and the baseflow discharge was greater. The baseflow is influenced by the extreme climate and human activities along the Yangtze River with the former being the dominant factor in 2006. The contribution of human interference to baseflow discharge was about 10% in 2006. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用ETAS模型分析自贡矿井注水触发地震

为研究自贡地区矿井注水与地震活动性之间的关系,按地震活动规律将注水区ML1.2以上历史地震活动划分为3个阶段,采用POWELL法反演了各阶段ETAS模型参数。结果表明,不存在注水的第1、2阶段背景地震比例约40%～50%,单个地震序列中余震较少。而在注水的第3阶段,由地震自激产生的余震比例较高(93.1%),而背景地震仅占6.9%,比第1、2阶段都要少,这一结果与已有的认识相矛盾。为此,提出单位时间背景地震的发生率,即ETAS模型参数中的μ值,作为判断注水触发地震的依据。计算结果表明,与前两个阶段相比,第3阶段的确拥有最大的μ值,说明注水对该区地震触发有明显影响。     

Response of upper ocean currents to typhoons at two ADCP moorings west of the Luzon Strait

We deployed two ADCP mooring systems west of the Luzon Strait in August 2008, and measured the upper ocean currents at high frequency. Two typhoons passed over the moorings during approximately one-month observation period. Using ADCP observations, satellite wind and heat flux measurements, and high-resolution model assimilation products, we studied the response of the upper ocean to typhoons. The first typhoon, Nuri, passed over one of the moorings, resulting in strong Ekman divergence and significant surface cooling. The cooling of surface water lagged the typhoon wind forcing about one day and lasted about five days. The second typhoon, Sinlaku, moved northward east of the Luzon Strait, and did not directly impact currents near the observation regions. Sinlaku increased anomalous surface water transport exchange across the Luzon Strait, which modulated the surface layer current of the Kuroshio.     

Pathways of mesoscale variability in the South China Sea

The propagation of oceanic mesoscale signals in the South China Sea (SCS) is mapped from satellite altimetric observations and an eddy-resolving global ocean model by using the maximum cross-correlation (MCC) method. Significant mesoscale signals propagate along two major bands of high variability. The northern band is located west of the Luzon Strait, characterized by southwestward eddy propagation. Although eddies are the most active in winter, their southwestward migrations, steered by bathymetry, occur throughout the year. Advection by the mean flow plays a secondary role in modulating the propagating speed. The southern eddy band lies in the southwest part of the SCS deep basin and is oriented in an approximately meridional direction. Mesoscale variability propagates southward along the band in autumn. This southward eddy pathway could not be explained by mean flow advection and is likely related to eddy detachments from the western boundary current due to nonlinear effects. Our mapping of eddy propagation velocities provides important information for further understanding eddy dynamics in the SCS.     

大岗山库区主动震源探测系统性能及其影响因素

利用大岗山水库地震监测台网,在大岗山库区建立了主动震源探测系统。主动震源设备为10t精密控制机械震源,接收台站包括大岗山水库地震台网的8个固定台站、2个加密流动台站和1个震源接收台。本文介绍了大岗山库区主动震源探测系统的基本情况、震源与地基的耦合特征、系统的性能及其影响因素等,并通过初步数据处理获取了大岗山库区地壳波速的相对变化。     

井下视电阻率观测影响系数分析

采用水平层状均匀介质中点电流源位于任意深度时电位解析表达式,分析了井下对称四极视电阻率观测时影响系数随深度和极距的变化。结果表明对于固定的观测极距,影响系数与电极埋深之间关系复杂;对于某些电性结构和在一定深度范围内,井下观测对表层干扰具有放大作用。对于固定的电极埋深,小极距观测主要体现观测装置所在处的介质层信息,深部介质的影响系数随着极距的加大而增加,浅层影响系数一般先上升后下降;观测极距足够大时,井下观测影响系数逐渐接近于地表观测的影响系数,井下观测的优势得不到体现。本文以天水台为例讨论了实施井下观测时影响系数在选择供电极距和电极埋深过程中的应用。分析结果对在不同电性结构中实施井下地电观测时具有一定的参考意义。     

港珠澳跨海工程沉管隧道三维地震反应分析

以港珠澳大桥沉管隧道为工程研究背景,考虑管节接头GINA止水带的橡胶材料特性、场地的初始地应力平衡以及上覆动水压力作用等,分析了水平及竖向地震作用下沉管隧道三维动力反应。结果表明:动水压力对隧道结构的竖向及水平方向的动力响应均有一定影响,尤其是对隧道结构的竖向反应影响较水平方向更加明显,最大可达70%;隧道接头GINA止水带竖向剪切变形较水平纵向的拉伸变形及水平横向剪切变形明显偏大,尤其两侧止水带竖向剪切变形较大;混凝土隧道管节上顶板及边墙较管节底部更易受到明显的拉应力。