The comprehensive risk evaluation on rainstorm and flood disaster losses in China mainland from 2004 to 2009: based on the triangular gray correlation theory

In this paper, we introduce the gray correlation method of risk evaluation in meteorological disaster losses based on historical disaster data in China (mainland) and apply the improved gray relational analysis model (the triangular gray relational model) to the risk evaluation of rainstorm and flood disaster losses. In addition, we divide the risk grade standards of rainstorm and flood disaster losses according to 186 rainstorm and flood disaster data of four optimization indexes (disaster area, suffered population, collapsed houses, and direct economic losses), evaluate the extent of dynamic rainstorm and flood disaster losses in 31 provinces of China (Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan exclusive) comprehensively, and draw China’s zoning map of rainstorm and flood disaster from 2004 to 2009. The method provides reasonable and effective references for national disaster preventions which can be used in other researches focused on risk evaluation of meteorological disaster losses.     

新元古代扬子北缘地壳增生事件：来自汉南祖师店奥长花岗岩地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素证据

扬子地块北缘大面积出露的超基性—基性—酸性侵入岩被称为"汉南杂岩"。其中的酸性侵入岩主要由二里坝、五堵门、祖师店等岩体构成。本文研究的祖师店岩体为一套奥长花岗岩,其地球化学特征表现为高Si(SiO 2=73.18%~77.18%)、富Na(Na2O=4.55%~5.49%)、低K(K2O=2.01%~3.01%)、Mg(MgO=0.14%~0.25%),属于弱过铝质中钾钙碱性花岗岩。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解呈右倾平坦型,Eu略具正异常。样品标准化图解显示富集Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素;(Sr/Y)为28.16~50.05;(La/Yb)N为7.04~14.21。地球化学特征显示该岩体具岛弧花岗岩特征。与二里坝、五堵门岩体对比后发现祖师店岩体与Adakite不一致。高Sr低Y的特征指示其形成压力相对较大,残留相为石榴子石和金红石、无斜长石。运用锆石饱和温度计和锆石钛温度计计算出这套花岗岩结晶温度为680~694℃,属于玄武质岩石低程度部分熔融的产物。LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果获得728±3 Ma的成岩年龄和786±4 Ma的捕获锆石年龄,捕获锆石边部记录了728 Ma的岩浆活动事件。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示,n(176Hf)/n(177Hf)初始值为0.282470~0.282683,εHf(t)=+5.0~+12.2,接近同时期亏损地幔演化线的εHf(t)。两阶段模式年龄(TDM2)为870~1324 Ma,主体集中于约1100 Ma,代表新元古代扬子北缘一期地壳增生事件。推测该岩体是由新生玄武质洋壳俯冲消减过程中在含水条件下部分熔融形成的。结合该区已有大量花岗岩研究成果,提出汉南杂岩中花岗质岩石的时空关系反映岛弧演化和迁移的历史过程,祖师店岩体代表洋内非成熟岛弧向成熟岛弧转化阶段的产物。     

东北三江盆地黑富地1井钻获浅层生物气

正1研究目的(Objective)清洁能源的开发和利用是改善能源结构与保障能源安全的重要任务,进一步加大清洁能源的调查与评价力度在2019年全国地质调查工作会上明确提出。生物气作为一种重要的清洁能源类型,储量占世界天然气储量的20%以上。生物气即生物成因气,形成于有机质演化的未成熟—低成熟阶     

山东省莱肥公路膨胀性路基段的大修措施研究

山东省莱肥公路泰莱交界至范镇段，全长约4km，路面多处出现破损、龟裂、冒白、翻浆等病害，为查明病毒原因，布设了9个勘探点，并在不同地基土中取土样26件，分别做击实实验及标准贯入试验，查明该路段基底粘性土具吸水膨胀和失水收缩的弱一中等潜势膨胀性。针对路面不同病害，提出了6条大修措施和建议。     

半空间地表反射式衍射CT

本文在半空间中。采用地表发射和地表接收的配置－地表反射式（ＳＲＰ），利用ＳＨ波进行衍射层析成象。在Ｂｏｒｎ近似下，导出反演公式并给出模型验算结果。此法属“滤波－反传播”算法一类。对于Ｎ×Ｎ图象的反演，主要用Ｎ次ＦＦＴ完成，不需要内插     

土层结构对汉源烈度异常的影响

汶川MS8.0大地震在远离震中近200 km的汉源县县城产生了高烈度异常, 其原因比较复杂．为了分析土层结构对汶川大地震中汉源县老县城高烈度异常的影响, 在汉源县城震害科学考察基础上, 依据地震烈度异常的分布情况, 在背后山滑坡前缘地带布设5个工程地质勘察钻孔, 获得了汉源县老县城场地土层结构资料．在现场测试和室内试验的基础上, 给出了汉源县老县城场地各层土体动力学参数．本文利用汶川地震九襄强震台的强震记录, 结合其台站的场地资料反演给出了汉源县老县城的基岩地震动时程, 作为地震反应分析的基岩输入地震动．在此基础上利用土层地震反应一维等效线性方法对汉源县老县城场地进行了地震反应分析, 并将计算所得结果与Ⅵ度区其它强震台站获得的强震记录进行比较．研究结果表明, 汉源县老县城土层结构对地震动的放大作用导致地表地震动异常, 是汉源县老县城高烈度异常的主要原因之一．      

Influences of retrogressive erosion of reservoir on sedimentation of its downstream river channel——A case study on Sanmenxia Reservoir and the Lower Yellow River

Retrogressive erosion, a widespread phenomenon of sediment transport in reservoirs, often impacts on both the reservoir capacity and the sedimentation in the downstream river channel. Based on field data from the Sanmenxia Reservoir and the Lower Yellow River over the past decades, three courses of ret-rogressive erosion with distinctive features were analyzed. The results indicate that retrogressive erosion, especially caused by rapid reduction in the water level till the reservoir is empty, often results in the serious siltation of the lower Yellow River and threatens the safety of the flood control in the Lower Yellow River. Unreasonable operation of the reservoir and incoming hyperconcentrated floods accom-panied by retrogressive erosion also aggravate the siltation of the main channel of the river. However, a reasonable operation mode of the reservoir so named"storing the clear (low sediment concentration) water in the non–flood season, and sluicing the muddy(high sediment concentration) water in the flood season" was found, which might mitigate the deposition in both the reservoir and the Lower Yellow River. This operation mode provides important experience for the design and operation of large reser-voirs in other large rivers carrying huge amounts of sediment.     

First Record of Soft-shelled Turtle(Testudines,Trionychidae) from the Late Pleistocene of Heilongjiang,Northeast China

正Objective Numerous vertebrate fossils, dominated by the Mammuthus–Coelodonta fauna, have been found from many Late Pleistocene fossil sites in Heilongjiang,northeast China(Jin and Kawamura, 1996). However,fossil turtles have not yet been reported. Recently, two soft-shelled turtle(trionychid) costal plates have been discovered together with other typical Mammuthus–Coelodonta fauna fossils.     

场地条件对地震动和震害影响的研究进展与建议

场地条件对地震动和震害有重要影响。本文简要回顾了场地条件对地震动和震害影响的研究历史,总结和评述了这一领域的研究进展。重点对地形地貌、岩土类型、覆盖层厚度、土层结构、地下水、岩土动力性质及物理地质现象等对地震动和震害的影响进行了总结和评述。提炼和概括了目前场地条件对地震动和震害影响研究中比较一致的几点认识。在此基础上,提出了这一领域当前应进一步研究的问题,主要包括地震现场资料调查、局部地形几何尺度、场地分类、覆盖层安全厚度界限、近断层地震动参数分布规律、活断层避让距离,以及强震资料积累等关键问题。     

阿尔金断裂东端白垩纪火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

在阿尔金断裂与祁连山北缘逆冲断裂交汇处的昌马盆地和酒西盆地内,产出一套中基性火山岩,多为玄武岩和粗面玄武岩,属于碱性玄武岩系列。火山岩富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)N比值为7.28~18.01,富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb和Ba等）,亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta等）,显示出与OIB类似的地球化学特征。阿尔金断裂带东端火山岩的Sr同位素较高,87Sr/86Sr值在0.706~0.708,Nd同位素较低,εNd(t)值多为负值（0.53~-6.13）,显示出EMⅡ型富集地幔来源的特征。K Ar同位素年代学测试结果表明,阿尔金断裂带东端火山岩形成于(120.1±2.5)~(102.2±2.9) Ma,属于早白垩世晚期。火山岩的地球化学特征反映其形成于一个广泛的陆内伸展环境中,区域上可能受到阿尔金断裂带的影响,是阿尔金断裂白垩纪再活化的重要佐证。