新元古代扬子北缘地壳增生事件：来自汉南祖师店奥长花岗岩地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素证据

扬子地块北缘大面积出露的超基性—基性—酸性侵入岩被称为"汉南杂岩"。其中的酸性侵入岩主要由二里坝、五堵门、祖师店等岩体构成。本文研究的祖师店岩体为一套奥长花岗岩,其地球化学特征表现为高Si(SiO 2=73.18%~77.18%)、富Na(Na2O=4.55%~5.49%)、低K(K2O=2.01%~3.01%)、Mg(MgO=0.14%~0.25%),属于弱过铝质中钾钙碱性花岗岩。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解呈右倾平坦型,Eu略具正异常。样品标准化图解显示富集Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素;(Sr/Y)为28.16~50.05;(La/Yb)N为7.04~14.21。地球化学特征显示该岩体具岛弧花岗岩特征。与二里坝、五堵门岩体对比后发现祖师店岩体与Adakite不一致。高Sr低Y的特征指示其形成压力相对较大,残留相为石榴子石和金红石、无斜长石。运用锆石饱和温度计和锆石钛温度计计算出这套花岗岩结晶温度为680~694℃,属于玄武质岩石低程度部分熔融的产物。LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果获得728±3 Ma的成岩年龄和786±4 Ma的捕获锆石年龄,捕获锆石边部记录了728 Ma的岩浆活动事件。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示,n(176Hf)/n(177Hf)初始值为0.282470~0.282683,εHf(t)=+5.0~+12.2,接近同时期亏损地幔演化线的εHf(t)。两阶段模式年龄(TDM2)为870~1324 Ma,主体集中于约1100 Ma,代表新元古代扬子北缘一期地壳增生事件。推测该岩体是由新生玄武质洋壳俯冲消减过程中在含水条件下部分熔融形成的。结合该区已有大量花岗岩研究成果,提出汉南杂岩中花岗质岩石的时空关系反映岛弧演化和迁移的历史过程,祖师店岩体代表洋内非成熟岛弧向成熟岛弧转化阶段的产物。     

The comprehensive risk evaluation on rainstorm and flood disaster losses in China mainland from 2004 to 2009: based on the triangular gray correlation theory

In this paper, we introduce the gray correlation method of risk evaluation in meteorological disaster losses based on historical disaster data in China (mainland) and apply the improved gray relational analysis model (the triangular gray relational model) to the risk evaluation of rainstorm and flood disaster losses. In addition, we divide the risk grade standards of rainstorm and flood disaster losses according to 186 rainstorm and flood disaster data of four optimization indexes (disaster area, suffered population, collapsed houses, and direct economic losses), evaluate the extent of dynamic rainstorm and flood disaster losses in 31 provinces of China (Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan exclusive) comprehensively, and draw China’s zoning map of rainstorm and flood disaster from 2004 to 2009. The method provides reasonable and effective references for national disaster preventions which can be used in other researches focused on risk evaluation of meteorological disaster losses.     

The first dinosaur tracksite from Xinjiang, NW China (Middle Jurassic Sanjianfang Formation, Turpan Basin)——a preliminary report

A new dinosaur tracksite was discovered in a steeply inclined sandstone layer of the Middle Jurassic Sanjianfang Formation in the Shanshan area of the Turpan Basin. The site is the first record of dinosaur footprints from Xinjiang Province in northwestern China. More than 150 tridactyl theropod dinosaur footprints are preserved as positive hyporeliefs on the lower bedding plane of a fine-grained sandstone body. Most of the footprints are isolated and appear to be randomly distributed. Some show well defined phalangeal pads, heels and rarely indistinct impressions of the distal part of the metatarsus. Two distinct morphotypes are present: a larger type with relatively broad pads shows similarities to Changpeipus and Megalosauripus, and a slightly smaller, slender and gracile type which is similar to Grallator, Eubrontes and Anchisauripus. In both morphotypes, digit III is the longest with a length between 11.4 and 33.6 cm. A single imprint shows prominent scratches, probably formed during slipping of the track maker.     

矿产资源资产化管理探讨

针对长期以来国有矿产资源没有作为资产，产权管理混乱，无偿占有使用，利用率低，流失浪费严重等现状，结合新矿法的实施，提出了矿产资源应实行资产化管理，明确产权，实行有偿使用，建立与社会主义市场经济相适应的国有矿产资源资产管理模式。     

Fluid inclusions and oil charge history in the reservoirs of the Yongjin oilfield in central Junggar Basin

In the Yongjin oilfield of southern Junggar Basin, many wells have been drilled to produce industrial oils. Based on the analysis of fluid inclusions in the reservoirs, in combination with the geological and thermal evolution, the charge history in this area has been studied. The results indicate that the Jurassic Formation and Cretaceous Formation reservoirs contain abundant oil and gas inclusions, and four types of fluid inclusions have been distinguished. According to the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions, the hydrocarbons charged the Cretaceous Formation for two periods, one ranges from the Late Cretaceous period to the Eogene period, and the other ranges from the Neocene period to the present. The oil filling history is correlated with the oil source correlation analysis, which is controlled by the movement of the Che-Mo plaeo uplift. Overall, oil accumulation is characterized by the superposition of two sets of source rocks for two stages in the Shawan depression.     

Direct creation of construction drawings for Kwan-yin Statue by close-range photogrammetry

In order to provide the model point accuracy of ±2 mm, an extra high accuracy industrial control net with four surveying piers with accuracy ±0.1 mm was set up around the model. Tens of orientation marks have been placed on the different parts and measured with accuracy ±0.2 mm from the above-mentioned piers. The main four stereopairs taken with the P31 camera around the model are simultaneously processed on the BC2 analytical plotter. The accuracy of absolute orientation is better than ±0.9 mm. Finally, about 300 sections construction drawings have been directly offered, and the closerange photogrammetric data has been used for the design and construction of the statue.     

Control work in close range photogrammetry

The purpose, classification, required accuracy and surveying methods of control work for close range photogrammetry have been briefly stated. The different methods for definition of space, object coordinate system are also reviewed. It is suggested that the habitu-ally-practised rotation angle system for aerophotogrammetry in China should be used for the future teaching and resaarching work in the close range photogrammetry, and that the rotation angle system for terrestrial deformation photogrammetry should be left out in order to avoid the confuse and reduce the amount of expanse for making softwares. It has been emphasized that there are three improtant aspects in the close range control work with high accurary using the conventional method of engineering surveying: the use of standard scale for measurement of distance between two general stations, the accurate determination of start direction line between two general stations and the handling method of influence of 2C change. A method for setting up industrial surveying control net with extra-high accuracy ±(0.05–0.20) mm is presented by the author. This kind of industrial control net is necessary for batch process of large industrial components with purposes of measurement, inspect and lofting. There are some special methods of control work in the close range photogrammetry, including two methods presented by the author.     

芦山7.0级地震强震动记录及其震害相关性

2013年4月20日芦山地震中的强震动记录是我国自2008年汶川地震后再一次比较全面地获得的高质量的数字强震动记录。国家数字强震动台网共获得3分量自由场记录114组,成都地震烈度速报台网获得63组。文章对强震动记录进行了常规处理,统计了强震动记录随断层距的数量分布情况,绘制了空间地震动加速度等值线图。结合芦山地震震源机制解和破裂过程研究成果,选取典型记录,分析加速度、速度时程的波形、振幅等特征,识别了此次地震滑冲现象,估算了竖向最大永久位移。通过利用观测数据与国外的地震动预测公式对比,分析了不同周期反应谱地震动幅值及加速度反应谱衰减规律,阐明了此次地震的地震动在近场高频成分较卓越的特点。震后现场考察了3个典型强震动台站附近建筑物震害,分析了地震动与工程震害的相关性,地震烈度的评定反映了地震破坏的程度。     

土层结构对汉源烈度异常的影响

汶川MS8.0大地震在远离震中近200 km的汉源县县城产生了高烈度异常, 其原因比较复杂．为了分析土层结构对汶川大地震中汉源县老县城高烈度异常的影响, 在汉源县城震害科学考察基础上, 依据地震烈度异常的分布情况, 在背后山滑坡前缘地带布设5个工程地质勘察钻孔, 获得了汉源县老县城场地土层结构资料．在现场测试和室内试验的基础上, 给出了汉源县老县城场地各层土体动力学参数．本文利用汶川地震九襄强震台的强震记录, 结合其台站的场地资料反演给出了汉源县老县城的基岩地震动时程, 作为地震反应分析的基岩输入地震动．在此基础上利用土层地震反应一维等效线性方法对汉源县老县城场地进行了地震反应分析, 并将计算所得结果与Ⅵ度区其它强震台站获得的强震记录进行比较．研究结果表明, 汉源县老县城土层结构对地震动的放大作用导致地表地震动异常, 是汉源县老县城高烈度异常的主要原因之一．      

New perspective of Miocene marine hydrocarbon source rocks in deep-water area in Qiongdongnan Basin of northern South China Sea

Drilling wells reveal that the organic matter abundance of Miocene marine source rocks in shallow water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin is relatively low with poor hydrocarbon generation poten- tial. However, in some drilling wells of deep water area close to the central depression belt, Miocene marine source rocks with better organic matter abundance and hydrocarbon generation have been found, which have achieved better source rock standard based on the analysis of geochemical charac- teristics. Although there are no exploratory wells in deep water area of the research region, through the comparative analysis of geochemical data of several typical exploratory wells respectively from shallow water area in the basin, central depression belt margin in deep-water area of the basin and Site 1148 of deep sea drilling in the South China Sea Basin, it reveals that the tendency of the quality of source rocks becomes positive gradually from delta to bathyal environment, which then becomes negative as in deep oceanic environment. Owing to the lack of terrestrial organic matter input, the important controlling factors of Miocene marine source rocks in the Qiongdongnan Basin are ocean productivity and preservation conditions of organic matter. The element geochemistry data indicate that the tendency of the paleoproductivity and the preservation conditions of organic matter become positive as water depth increase from shallow area to bathyal area close to central depression belt. So it is speculated that there must exist high quality source rocks in the central depression area where the preservation conditions of organic matter are much better. Besides, in theory, in oxygen-poor zone of oceanic environment at the water depth 400-1 000 m, the preservation conditions of organic matter are well thus forming high-quality marine source rocks. The result- ing speculation, it is reasonable to consider that there are high hydrocarbon generation potential source rocks in bathyal environment of the Qiongdongnan Basin, especially at the water depth 400- 1 000 m.