Climate effects of the GlobeLand30 land cover dataset on the Beijing Climate Center climate model simulations

Land cover is one of the most basic input elements of land surface and climate models. Currently, the direct and indirect effects of land cover data on climate and climate change are receiving increasing attentions. In this study, a high resolution (30 m) global land cover dataset (GlobeLand30) produced by Chinese scientists was, for the first time, used in the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC_CSM) to assess the influences of land cover dataset on land surface and climate simulations. A two-step strategy was designed to use the GlobeLand30 data in the model. First, the GlobeLand30 data were merged with other satellite remote sensing and climate datasets to regenerate plant functional type (PFT) data fitted for the BCC_CSM. Second, the up-scaling based on an area-weighted approach was used to aggregate the fine-resolution GlobeLand30 land cover type and area percentage with the coarser model grid resolutions globally. The GlobeLand30-based and the BCC_CSM-based land cover data had generally consistent spatial distribution features, but there were some differences between them. The simulation results of the different land cover type dataset change experiments showed that effects of the new PFT data were larger than those of the new glaciers and water bodies (lakes and wetlands). The maximum value was attained when dataset of all land cover types were changed. The positive bias of precipitation in the mid-high latitude of the northern hemisphere and the negative bias in the Amazon, as well as the negative bias of air temperature in part of the southern hemisphere, were reduced when the GlobeLand30-based data were used in the BCC_CSM atmosphere model. The results suggest that the GlobeLand30 data are suitable for use in the BCC_CSM component models and can improve the performance of the land and atmosphere simulations.     

高分二号卫星影像正射纠正精度分析

本文利用收集到的外业像控、加密控制和地图采集控制资料,对试验区高分二号影像进行了基于RMF模型的数字正射纠正处理,统计分析了高分二号影像数据的无控制定位精度和不同控制方案下的纠正精度,验证了高分二号卫星影像在每景不低于一个控制点的情况下其纠正精度能够满足全地形1∶1万比例尺地形图和山地1∶5000比例尺地形图更新要求。利用数字正射纠正后的高分二号全色和多光谱影像进行配准和融合,配准达到亚像素精度,能够满足影像融合需要。     

基于Morlet小波技术的北京平原地面沉降周期性分析

北京市地面沉降自20世纪60年代发现以来一直呈快速发展的趋势。不均匀地面沉降导致建筑物开裂、地基下沉,损害地下管道工程等基础设施,威胁城市安全。为了研究地面沉降发展的特征,分析其演化趋势,本文选取2011—2014年的27景Radarsat-2数据,采用干涉点目标分析技术,获取该时段北京平原区地面沉降时序监测信息;在此基础上,结合Morlet小波分析方法,根据相干点密度差异选取4个典型地面沉降区,分析其地面沉降多尺度演变特征。结果表明：地面沉降速率在空间分布上存在差异性,最大沉降速率为162.70 mm/a,年均沉降速率50.08 mm/a;地面沉降在时间域具有明显的局部周期性变化特征。在28 T （1 T表示1个24 d的时间段）的时间尺度下,存在着约13.3月的时间周期,不同位置还存在不同的不稳定震荡周期。     

High slope stability of diversion power system intake of Jinchuan hydropower station

The excavated height of the left bank slope of the diversion power system intake in Jinchuan hydropower station is about 16o m. The stability and safety of the slope during construction and its operation/utilization become one of the most important geological engineering problems. At the same time, it is also crucial to select a safe and economic excavation gradient for the construction. We studied the problem of how to select a safe and economic slope ratio by analyzing the geological condition of the high slope, including the lithology, slope structure, structural surface and their combinations, rock weathering and unloading, hydrology, and the natural gradient. The study results showed that the use of an excavation gradient larger than the gradient observed during site investigation and the gradient recommended in standards and field practice manuals is feasible. Then, we used the finite element method and rigid limit equilibrium method to evaluate the stability of the excavation slope under natural, rainstorm and earthquake conditions. The calculated results showed that the excavated slope only has limited failure, but its stability is greatly satisfactory. The research findings can be useful in excavation and slope stabilization projects.     

中上扬子地区下志留统沉积演化与页岩气勘探方向*

通过录井、测井、地震、野外剖面与岩心资料的深入剖析, 探讨中上扬子地区下志留统页岩段的沉积相与总有机碳的关系, 预测页岩气有利勘探区。中上扬子地区下志留统龙马溪组为一套20～268 m厚的黑色页岩夹灰绿色泥质粉砂岩沉积, 在等时框架内自下而上可识别出2个三级层序即SQ1与SQ2, 它们分布稳定、可对比性好。下部层序(SQ1) 的海侵体系域(TST)发育一套有利于页岩气形成的富有机质页岩, 此时期呈现出“北面向次深海敞开、东西南三面受古陆围限、陆棚广布”的沉积格局, 深水陆棚相广泛发育, 面积为255000 km², 平均厚度35 m。受海平面下降的影响, 从下部层序至上部层序水体变浅, 岩相从深水陆棚相黑色页岩向中-浅水陆棚相沙纹层理粉砂质页岩转变。岩相的发育受海平面升降、古陆、海底地形、物源供给等因素的影响, 岩相类型有碳质或硅质或钙质页岩、纹层状页岩、生物扰动粉砂质页岩、沙纹层理的粉砂质页岩、块状砂岩或介壳灰岩薄夹层5类。研究表明, 沉积相对富有机质页岩的形成具有内在的控制作用, 高TOC含量页岩发育于深水陆棚相、中陆棚相和潟湖相中。目前, 已有多口井在龙马溪组页岩获得工业气流, 揭示了该区良好的页岩气勘探前景;综合分析认为涪陵-赤水-仁怀、威远-长宁、鄂西-渝东为中上扬子地区下志留统页岩气勘探的主要方向和有利目标区。     

Far field deformation analysis after the Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake constrained by cGPS data

This study estimates the far field coseismic deformation of China and its surrounding areas caused by the Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake of Japan using continuous GPS (cGPS) data and final orbits released by International GNSS Service (IGS). Based on these data, we feature the coseismic offsets of several plates affected by the event. Static far field coseismic offsets greater than 2 mm are detected in a wide area of China, which extends as far as about 3,000 km off the epicenter, consisting of that of the 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake. In northeast China, displacements up to 32.7 mm toward southeast are observed; meanwhile, offsets in North China reach about 5–11 mm toward east. Coseismic jumps of about 2–5 mm are measured in South China toward southeast. The southwest extrusion of the Philippine Sea plate is verified by GPS slip vectors, showing that the Philippine Sea plate is decoupled from the Pacific plate by the earthquake. We also infer that the Amurian plate and the Okhotsk plate couple well according to relatively continuous GPS offsets in these plates. Furthermore, the dense far field cGPS offsets due to the Tohoku event hopefully provide opportunities to model the coseismic slip distribution.     

地震应急指挥协同技术平台设计研究

地震应急指挥协同服务能力是国家地震社会服务能力建设的核心内容,我国的地震应急指挥协同服务能力在研究和建设方面尚处于起步阶段,在未来一段时间将开展地震应急指挥协同技术平台的建设。因此,地震应急指挥协同技术平台的关键构成、设计和实现方式还有许多方面有待进一步研究和探讨。本文根据国家地震社会服务工程的初步设计,对地震应急指挥协同技术平台几个方面的内容进行了初步探讨,在此基础上讨论了其未来进一步发展应进行的工作。     

基于非均匀地壳模型的格林函数法反演2001年昆仑山口西Ms8.1地震的同震滑移

建立基于地壳不均匀的三维有限元模型,将昆仑山口西Ms8.1地震产生的长约400 km的破裂带在走向上分为16段,生成各个破裂段滑移相对于地表位移的格林函数,并以GPS观测的水平位移为约束,用阻尼最小二乘法反演破裂滑移分布,结果表明反演结果与地质考察的地表破裂数据接近.用反演结果重构的地表位移场与观测值一致,并体现了断裂...     

2000国家重力基准现状分析

分析国家重力基准的现状,对国家重力基准的建立和维护提出建议.     

山东东阿鱼山地质公园主要地质遗迹成因及评价

地质公园是保护地质遗迹、维护生态环境、实现可持续发展战略的重要场所。通过对山东东阿鱼山省级地质公园的野外调查及研究分析,总结了鱼山地质公园内主要地质遗迹的形成原因并对其评价。认为:园内地质遗迹丰富、地学价值高、环境优美,能使人们更加直观的了解地壳的演变过程,又能够培养青少年对自然科学的爱好和兴趣。