Analysis of surface subsidence mechanism and regularity under the influence of seism and fault

Surface subsidence with various formation mechanisms possesses varied and complex influencing factors. Thus, studying surface subsidence mechanism and regularity under different special geological conditions is important in implementing disaster prevention and reduction programs. This paper focuses on goaf surface subsidence under the influence of the interaction between seism and fault, taking the Changping Expressway surface subsidence as the case study. In the full investigation of the engineering geological conditions in research area, the graphic method and numerical simulation method FLAC3D are adopted to study surface subsidence mechanism and regularity, after which the influence of seism and fault on surface subsidence is explored. The results show that the Changping Expressway surface subsidence is caused by earthquake-induced reactivation of the old goaf. Under the influence of geological fault, the maximum surface settlement significantly increased, the location of the maximum surface subsidence became close to the fault side, and the subsidence deformation showed an apparent discontinuity near the fault.     

东胜煤田延安组成煤模式与煤质特征

总结了东胜煤田延安组煤的两种主要成煤模式,结合煤质分析数据,探讨成煤环境条件对煤质的控制作用。研究结果显示,河流成煤模式的煤层,煤岩类型以暗淡型为主,煤中富丝质组,煤层中矿物质含量较高,灰分含量多大于10%,煤类以不粘煤为主。湖泊三角洲成煤模式的煤层,煤岩类型以光亮煤和半亮煤为主,煤中富镜质组,煤层中矿物质含量低,灰分含量少于10%,煤类以长焰煤为主。经对比两种成煤模式煤的工艺性质,认为富丝质组煤利于气化、动力燃烧、制吸附剂,富镜质组煤则首选液化和配焦。     

全球地球化学数据管理系统:“化学地球”软件研制

"数字地球"已经提出多年,是20世纪末期问世的定量化研究地球的一个新的战略方向。通过借鉴Google Earth,地质学界提出了建设One Geology和OGS-Earth多层次多学科应用平台的概念。进一步提出构建基于化学元素在地壳的分布可视化,建立"化学地球"或者叫做"元素地球"(命名为Chemical Earth),能直观地揭示地壳中元素的分布,反映出不同大地构造单元元素时空分布、演化历史和矿床的物质背景。本项研究主要完成两个方面的内容:(1)研发一个基于ArcGIS Server二维和三维统一的"化学地球"软件平台,类似于谷歌地球(Google Earth)的数字地球软件平台,实现对地球化学数据和图形适时进行二维(平面)和三维(球面)联动;(2)建立地球化学数据库和提供图形化工具,实现对数据库进行多种方式的查询统计,如对不同尺度地球化学图的显示、图形与数据交互查询和采样信息查询等。     

临清坳陷中二叠世古地理恢复

临清坳陷是一个中一新生代的断陷盆地,多期断层活动、多套生储盖组合、多种圈闭类型的地质条件,决定了临清坳陷可形成多类型的油气藏,具有良好的油气勘探前景。以临清坳陷中二叠世沉积地层为主要研究对象,观察钻井取心,详细分析测井标志,建立等时地层格架,基于等时地层格架进行古地理的恢复。研究表明,研究区共划分为2个层序,层序1为河控浅水三角洲环境,层序2过渡为内陆河流环境,对该区的勘探工作及勘探实践具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

The Use of Mental and Sketch Maps as a Tool to Evaluate Cartography Teaching Effectiveness

The paper describes mental maps and their use in teaching process. The survey conducted among students of geodesy and cartography resulted in 124 sketches. They were analysed from the point of view of cartographic methodology and used methods of presentation. The different elements and methods were counted and helped in evaluation of teaching process effectiveness, showing changes in students’ knowledge of certain rules of cartographic language and design and their applications. As the survey was conducted in relation to courses taught, the results are of great value in increasing the quality of cartographic content of these courses and teaching methods.     

北天山地区2011 年以来两次6 级地震前的地震学中短期异常特征

通过分析北天山地区历史强震、构造活动背景、区域应变能积累特征以及2011 年11月1 日尼勒克、巩留交界6. 0 级和2012 年6 月30 日新源、和静交界6. 6 级地震前区域地震活动异常特征等,探讨了这两次6 级地震前的地震学中短期异常特征。结果表明,2011 年6 月以来北天山地区中强以上地震处于加速活动状态,进入应变能释放阶段;尼勒克、巩留交界6. 0 级和新源、和静交界6. 6 级地震震前先呈6 级地震平静而后被打破、中强地震成组活动和空间迁移、条带和空区等较明显的中期异常;震前还出现了较为相似的4 级以上地震围空和5 级逼近地震,且逼近地震与主震发生时间间隔均为14 天,显示了较清晰的异常图像和较明显的中短期震兆特征。     

The Chemical Composition of the Field Zero-Age Star HD77407

High-resolution optical spectra of the zero age star HD77407 are analysed and its Li, C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Co, Ni and Ba contents are determined using spectral synthesis method. The temperature of the star is determined by fitting the H α line wings. The parameters derived for this star are Teff=5900K, log g=4.47 and [Fe/H] = 0.07. It is found that the derived iron content is slightly higher than what is given in the published literature. This star shows a relative overabundances of Ca and Ba, and underabundances of Na, V and Ni with respect to the solar mix. Activity of the star is indicated by the filled in Hα and Ca II triplet line cores. It has been confirmed that our spectroscopic approach yields fairly reliable and consistent results for active stars.     

肥城盆地区域地下水化学特征及水质评价

为了解肥城市地下水水化学特征及水质状况,选取20个地下水水质分析数据,综合运用统计分析、Piper三线图,Gibbs图及离子比值等水化学方法,分析了地下水水化学特征,基于模糊综合评价法,对地下水进行了质量评价。结果表明,研究区地下水中阳离子以Ca^2+,Mg^2+为主,阴离子则以HCO^-3,NO^-3,SO 2-4为主,阴、阳离子分别存在HCO^-3>NO^-3>SO 2-4>Cl-和Ca^2+>Mg^2+>Na^+>K^+的关系。TDS介于325.0~1720.0 mg/L之间,均值为741.55 mg/L。地下水呈弱碱性,且属高硬水。地下水化学类型以HCO 3-Ca,HCO 3·SO 4-Ca为主,水-岩作用是地下水水化学组分的主要控制因素,主要受碳酸盐岩的风化溶解控制。研究区地下水以Ⅱ,Ⅲ类水为主,占65%,但Ⅴ类水所占比重也较大,占到了35%。     

归一化转动惯量特征的遥感影像检索

针对传统遥感影像检索方法大多存在精度不高、效率低下等不足的问题,该文提出了一种基于归一化转动惯性特征的遥感影像检索算法。该算法对经过脉冲耦合神经网络处理的二值影像序列进行计算,提取影像序列的归一化转动惯量特征;同时,利用马氏距离结合Pearson积矩相关法来度量各特征矢量之间的相似性,提高检索结果的正确率。实验结果证明,该算法有效地兼顾了影像的内容结构信息,不仅可以快速地进行检索计算,还能提高检索精度。