西太平洋暖池区热带波动的天气效应

为了探讨西太平洋暧地区热带波动的天气效应，利用1980年2－9月140°E日本静止卫星纬度时间剖面卫星云图，分析了5d和14d左右周期热带波动云的演变特征，井综合分析了14d周期的云系演变型式与流场的关系，为预报热带中期天气变化规律提供了依据；热带波动中30－60d大气低频振荡的云量变化最显著，北半球夏半年热带波动的天气压主要在10°N－0°，各半年在10°N－10°S，超过这个区域热带云量的港分布型式就有明显的变化。     

软岩边坡变形破坏规律及其对城市设施的影响

以抚顺西露天矿大规模倾倒滑移变形体变形规律研究为例,受软弱夹层控制的软岩边坡变形破坏规律及其变形破坏对城市工业设施的影响。     

黑龙江省鸡西盆地南、北两带城子河组精细对比

鸡西盆地被平麻断裂分割成南、北两个条带,多数研究者将南带1煤之下的海相层叠伏于北带海相层或底砾岩之下,称为“城子河组下段”或“石河北组”。利用事件地层学的原理,分析盆地内城子河组早期盆地裂陷、海侵、火山喷发、聚煤等重大事件在地层精细对比方面的意义,甄别出了盆地中重大事件的地层记录．以等时层为基础建立对比框架。通过大量钻井资料追溯对比,认为盆地中坳陷部位的渴湖海湾沉积是南北两带的沉积过渡类型,根据微体古生物研究,南北两带海相层中的沟鞭藻类化石面貌基本一致,南北带的海相层应是同一层位,初步实现了盆地内南、北两个条带城子河组的精细对比,为恢复盆地古地理环境奠定了可靠的基础。     

Indium Enrichment in the Meng'entaolegai Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract. The Meng'entaolegai In-rich Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is located in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia. It is one of the In-richest deposits in China. Large amounts of quartz and sulfide minerals constitute a hydrothermal quartz-sulfide vein deposit within a Hercynian acidic granite massif, which occupies an area of about 400 km². Thirty-six orebodies, controlled strictly by the E-W trend faults, are found in the orefield of 6 km in length from east to west and 200 to 1,000 m in width from south to north. The ore minerals are mainly galena, sphalerite and pyrite, and subordinate chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, cassiterite and stannite with many Ag-minerals. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite, sericite and chlorite. Economic components of the deposit are dominated by Pb andZn (reserves of Pb and Zn are 0.17 Mt and 0.37 Mt, and their grades are 1 % and 2.3 %, respectively), with Ag, Sn, In and Cd (1,800 t Ag, >2,000 t Sn, >500 t In and 1,800 t Cd) as by-products. Indium is highly enriched in ores and its contents are 9 to 295 ppm in ores and 85 to 2,660 ppm in sphalerite. Analytical results show that the ore-forming fluid of this deposit contains 0.8–3.5 ppm In and 4–36 ppm Sn, and the two elements show a very good positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.8672, while the correlation between In and Zn in the ore-forming fluids, with a correlation coefficient of 0.5723, is not as good as that between In and Sn. This indicates that indium has an affinity with tin in the ore-forming fluids. The authors think that this is probably the main reason why those In-rich deposits spread over the world are simultaneously enriched in tin.     

Molybdenum Mass Fractions and Isotopic Compositions of International Geological Reference Materials

The double‐spike method with multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry was used to measure the Mo mass fractions and isotopic compositions of a set of geological reference materials including the mineral molybdenite, seawater, coral, as well as igneous and sedimentary rocks. The long‐term reproducibility of the Mo isotopic measurements, based on two‐year analyses of NIST SRM 3134 reference solutions and seawater samples, was ≤ 0.07‰ (two standard deviations, 2s, n = 167) for δ^98/95Mo. Accuracy was evaluated by analyses of Atlantic seawater, which yielded a mean δ^98/95Mo of 2.03 ± 0.06‰ (2s, n = 30, relative to NIST SRM 3134 = 0‰) and mass fraction of 0.0104 ± 0.0006 μg g^?1 (2s, n = 30), which is indistinguishable from seawater samples taken world‐wide and measured in other laboratories. The comprehensive data set presented in this study serves as a reference for quality assurance and interlaboratory comparison of high‐precision Mo mass fractions and isotopic compositions.     

Study on Polarized Spectral Characteristics of Soil with Different Water Content

Moisture is one of the important parameters in soil polarized spectrum. It has great significance in soil remote sensing band selection and image interpretation; it also provides the information for soil investigation and analysis on physical and chemical properties. In this paper we tested and analyzed the soil polarized spectrum with different moisture in 350?~?2,500 nm wavelength, to study on the relationship between soil polarized spectral data and moisture, to determine the spectral response and changes in soil moisture, and establish models between spectral data and soil moisture. We also designed a orthogonal test on the various factors that affect soil polarized spectral characteristics, in which we studied soil moisture, polarized angle, detected angle and azimuth of the various factors and their interactions. The results showed it was most significant that the soil moisture and the interaction of soil moisture and polarized angle, followed by the interaction effect of detected angle and moisture, while the polarized angle had a little impact on the soil polarized spectrum.     

积极推进海域使用管理两项制度的落实

海域使用管理两项制度的推进,是国家海洋局2000年重点工作任务之一。在局党组的高度关注下,在海域管理司领导和全司同志的共同努力下,在财政部综合司的大力支持下,2000年海域使用管理工作成效显著,管理力度明显加大。 1 稳打稳扎,逐步贯彻落实海域使用管理的两项制度     

青海省都兰县果洛龙洼金矿成矿流体

果洛龙洼金矿是青海东昆仑地区最典型、最具规模的金矿床之一。在前人资料基础上,将果洛龙洼金矿热液成矿期划分为4个成矿阶段：贫矿化石英阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（主要成矿阶段）、石英-贫硫化物阶段（次要成矿阶段）和石英-碳酸盐阶段。随后对主要和次要成矿阶段石英脉开展流体包裹体显微测温和H-O同位素研究。结果表明：原生流体包裹体主要包括气液两相、富CO₂三相、纯CO₂两相共3类;成矿流体总体以CO₂-NaCl-H₂O体系为主,均一温度为130.0~357.3 ℃,盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.83%~20.11%。石英-多金属硫化物阶段石英δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为14.8‰~17.2‰,据此计算流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O值为5.5‰~8.5‰,流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-61‰~-96‰;而石英-贫硫化物阶段石英δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为15.7‰~16.9‰,据此计算流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O值为4.1‰~5.3‰,流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-84‰~-101‰。由此认为：主要成矿阶段成矿流体可能为高温低盐度富CO₂变质热液和低温中高盐度岩浆热液两个端元组成的混合流体;次要成矿阶段成矿流体主要为混合后更均匀的中低温中低盐度热液,但后期明显有大气降水混入。总之,成矿流体的来源、性质及其演化等方面的研究结果进一步证明果洛龙洼金矿为造山型金矿。     

古炭屑与古森林火?

森林火普遍发生在地质历史时期中，它对自然植被系统的演替起着重要作用。不同强度和频率的森林火培育出不同类型的植被：频繁的森林火导致草甸的形成，而热带雨林形成的原因之一是森林火的缺乏。古炭屑作为古森林火的遗迹，具有分布广泛、细胞结构保存完好以及原地埋藏等特点，为研究古森林火发生的强度和频率提供了宝贵的材料。古炭屑的出现与当时的气候因素、植被类型和地理状况有密切关系：干旱、少雨的气候常常伴随高频率森林火的发生，表现出古炭屑的数量增多；易燃物种组成的植被易发生森林火，古炭屑的出现也会增多，而耐火树种会降低森林火的强度，古炭屑则出现少。因此，从古炭屑的数量和种类的变化，可探讨古森林火的发生规律，进而推断长期地质历史时期的气候、植被、地理状况的演变。     

A device for rainfall simulation in geotechnical centrifuges

Rainfall-induced slope instabilities are ubiquitous in nature, but simulation of this type of hazards with centrifuge modelling still poses difficulties. In this paper, we introduce a rainfall device for initiating slope failure in a medium-sized centrifuge. This rainfall system is simple, robust and affordable. An array of perforated hoses is placed close above the model slope surface to generate the raindrops. The rainfall intensity depends on the centrifuge acceleration and the flow rate of the water supply, which is controlled by the size and number of the tiny pinholes in the hose walls. The rainfall intensities that are tested range from 2.5–30 mm/h, covering the intensity range of moderate, heavy and torrential rainfall events. Our model test with rainfall-induced slope failure shows that this system is capable of generating relatively uniform rainfall of wide intensities and leads to various patterns of slope failure.