福建大田—漳平地区构造-热对煤系石墨成矿及赋存的控制探讨

福建省大田—漳平地区位于东部滨太平洋构造带上,不同时期的岩浆热液作用和复杂多变的构造形变格局,为该地区形成丰富的石墨矿床提供了良好的成矿条件。为了查明大田—漳平地区煤系石墨的成矿控制因素及分布规律,通过工业分析、元素分析、X射线衍射和激光拉曼光谱等实验,对不同矿区不同变质程度的煤和煤成石墨的化学组成及微观结构特征等煤成石墨化特征进行了研究,并将不同变形特征的样品划分为煤成石墨、煤成半石墨和石墨化无烟煤三大类。研究表明：煤的变形特征与煤成石墨的演化类型基本一致,且韧性变形样品的石墨化程度最高,说明构造应力作用能促进煤的石墨化作用;煤成石墨的分布受到岩浆-构造活动的控制,石墨矿床多产出于岩浆岩侵入体外接触带或附近断裂带的有利围岩地层中,且大田—漳平地区煤系石墨矿具有明显的成区、成带分布特点,煤成石墨成矿区主要集中在闽西南坳陷南部的漳平一带;而北部大田一带分布的矿区矿体石墨化程度较漳平一带低,多为煤成半石墨或石墨化无烟煤,研究结果可为该地区煤系石墨矿产综合勘探开发利用提供有利依据。     

遥感技术在西北生态脆弱区生态地质勘查中的应用研究

生态地质勘查正在成为煤炭地质勘查工作的主要发展方向。遥感技术作为“非接触式”勘查技术,在生态地质勘查中应有一席之地。通过阐述遥感技术在煤炭、天然气水合物、油页岩等资源勘查中的工作程序及勘查实例,认为在西北生态脆弱区资源勘查领域遥感技术具有独特的优势:通过不同比例尺的遥感煤田地质填图,可快速高效圈定含煤远景区;利用遥感图像的热红外波段数据可以快速获取与水合物相关的温度异常信息,圈定热异常分布区,为天然气水合物进一步勘探指明方向;通过对遥感图像的处理可直接提取与油页岩相关的成矿异常信息,圈定找矿远景区。在西北生态脆弱区应用遥感技术进行资源勘查具有好的经济效益和生态效益。     

Geodynamic constraints on orebody localization in the Anqing orefield, China: Computational modeling and facilitating predictive exploration of deep deposits

The Anqing Fe–Cu skarn deposit, with an age of 134 to 142 Ma and resources of 62.4 Mt at 0.906% Cu and 32.2% Fe, is one of the most important deposits in the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, East China. To better understand the localization of orebodies and thus facilitate predictive exploration of deep orebodies, computational modeling is used to simulate the coupled geodynamic processes during the syn-tectonic cooling of the ore-related intrusion, based on geological and geophysical investigations in the Anqing orefield.The occurrences of the ore veins and veinlets in diorite and skarn, as well as the sharp zigzag boundary of the orebody, indicate that the Cu ores were deposited after the solidification of the diorite and skarn formation, and were located in some tensional structural spaces that are unevenly distributed along the contact zone between the felsic intrusion and sedimentary carbonates. The locations of orebodies are closely associated with the contact zone shape. The computational results of two models with two typical contact-shapes show that pore fluid flow was focused into the dilation zones from different sources. All the significant dilation zones, in which the existing orebodies were located, are distributed in some specific places of the south contact zone of the intrusion. In addition, these dilation zones are closely related to the contact zone shape of the intrusion and can control the location of orebodies through the coupled mechano-thermo-hydrological processes during cooling of the intrusion in the extension setting. The skarns are not critical for controlling the localization of orebodies. This means that exploration for deep ore should target deep dilation zones close to the contact boundary of the intrusion. Such recognition may provide a useful guide in selecting exploration targets in the Anqing orefield. As a direct result of computational modeling, an orebody has been discovered in the deep dilation zone in this orefield. It demonstrates that computational modeling is a promising tool for understanding the metallogenic processes and for facilitating the deep exploration of hidden orebodies that are related to intrusions.     

Tracing subsurface migration of contaminants from an abandoned municipal landfill

This paper aims at determining of inorganic leachate contamination for a capped unsanitary landfill in the absence of hydrogeological data. The 2D geoelectrical resistivity imaging, soil physicochemical characterization, and surface water analysis were used to determine contamination load and extent of selective heavy metal contamination underneath the landfill. The positions of the contaminated subsoil and groundwater were successfully delineated in terms of low resistivity leachate plumes of <10 Ωm. Leachate migration towards the reach of Kelang River could be clearly identified from the resistivity results and elevated concentrations of Fe in the river downslope toe of the site. Concentration of Fe, Mn, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, and Pb was measured for the subsoil samples collected at the downslope (BKD), upslope (BKU), and the soil-waste interface (BKI), of the landfill. The concentration levels obtained for most of the analyzed heavy metals significantly exceed the normal range in typical municipal solid waste landfill sites. The measured heavy metal contamination load in the subsoil is in the following order Fe ? Mn > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu. Taking into consideration poor physical and chemical characteristics of the local soil, these metals first seem to be attenuated naturally at near surface then remobilize unavoidably due to the soil acidic environment (pH 4.2-6.18) which in turn, may allow an easy washing of these metals in contact with the shallow groundwater table during the periodic fluctuation of the Kelang River. These heavy metals are believed to have originated from hazardous industrial waste that might have been illegally dumped at the site.     

不同采样点数量下土壤有机质含量空间预测方法对比

运用普通克里格、泛克里格、协同克里格和回归克里格4种方法,结合由DEM获取的高程因子以及土壤全氮和阳离子交换量（CEC）,预测了黑龙江省海伦市耕地有机质含量的空间分布。不同样点数量下海伦市土壤有机质含量的空间变异结构分析表明,样点数量多并不一定能够识别土壤有机质含量的结构性连续组分,最优化的布置采样点位置可能比单纯增加...     

全球变化背景下北方泥炭地释放溶解有机碳的驱动机制

泥炭地（peatland）是一类储碳效率很高的特殊陆地生态系统,其碳储量约占全球土壤碳库的近1／3,对全球碳循环有着举足轻重的作用。有证据表明在过去20余年,北半球大范围的天然水体中溶解有机碳的浓度呈显著增升趋势。普遍认为与全球变化背景下北方泥炭地大规模释放溶解有机碳有关,但其驱动机制尚不十分清楚。已经提出的具有代表性...     

Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov.: the Lowest Latitude Fossil Record of the Genus

Extant Asplenium is one of the most widespread fern groups and occurs in the temperate and tropical regions. However, the fossil records of this genus are poorly documented, especially in the low latitudes. Here, a new species, Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov. is described from the early Eocene of Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province, South China. This is the lowest modern latitude fossil record of Asplenium and the first fossil assignment of A. section Darea (Jussieu) Bak., as well as the first fossil record of Asplenium reported from South China. This new species shows that Asplenium had already spread into South China by the early Eocene and the section Darea (Jussieu) Bak. was identifiable within the genus Asplenium during that time. This new species, combined with previous fossil spore-pollen records indicates a warm and humid climate in the Sanshui Basin of the early Eocene.     

Interactions between basalts and oil source rocks in rift basins： CO2 generation

Basalts interbedded with oil source rocks are discovered frequently in rift basins of eastern China, where CO2 is found in reservoirs around or within basalts, for example in the Binnan reservoir of the Dongying Depression. In the reservoirs, CO2 with heavy carbon isotopic composition (δ13C>-10‰ PDB) is in most cases accounts for 40% of the total gas reserve, and is believed to have resulted from degassing of basaltic magma from the mantle. In their investigations of the Binnan reservoir, the authors suggested that the CO2 would result from interactions between the source rocks and basalts. As the source rocks around basalts are rich in carbonate minerals, volcanic minerals, transition metals and organic matter, during their burial history some of the transition metals were catalyzed on the thermal degradation of organic matter into hydrocarbons and on the decomposition of carbonate minerals into CO2, which was reproduced in thermal simulations of the source rocks with the transition metals (Ni and Co). This kind of CO2 accounts for 55%-85% of the total gas reserve generated in the process of thermal simulation, and its δ13C values range from -11‰- -7.2‰ PDB, which are very similar to those of CO2 found in the Binnan reservoir. The co-generation of CO2 and hydrocarbon gases makes it possible their accumulation together in one trap. In other words, if the CO2 resulted directly from degassing of basaltic magma or was derived from the mantle, it could not be accumulated with hydrocarbon gases because it came into the basin much earlier than hydrocarbon generation and much earlier than trap formation. Therefore, the source rocks around basalts generated hydrocarbons and CO2 simultaneously through catalysis of Co and Ni transition metals, which is useful for the explanation of co-accumulation of hydrocarbon gases and CO2 in rift basins in eastern China.     

塔里木盆地熟化有机质成烃动力学模型原始参数的恢复及意义

针对塔里木盆地主力源岩层大多埋深较大、成熟度较高,对这些源岩所进行的模拟实验不能反映或描述样品在达到现今埋深这前所经历的成烃演化过程的难题,本文先由模拟实验数据出发,建立和标定各样品的化学动力模型,在此基础上,推导和建立了恢复化学动力的始参数的方法并利用塔里木盆地的样品进行了应用。结果表明,深埋样品有机质中有相当部分的低活化能组分已在其前期演化过程中被成烃反应所消耗。因此,要客观描述样品的全部成烃     

铁法煤田煤储层渗透性预测

煤储层的渗透性预测是煤层气开发前必须的储层评价工作。评价方法是依据围岩节理及煤层裂隙的宏观、微观统计分析,寻找区内裂隙发育带及其走向,预测高渗透区的分布。