鄱阳湖滨沙地植物多样性特征

采用线路踏查法和空间代替时间的方法,调查统计鄱阳湖滨多宝沙山沙地植物组成、优势类群以及风沙化过程中植物组成、多样性、生态习性和生活型的变化特点。结果表明：（1）鄱阳湖滨多宝沙山沙地植物有129种,隶属于58科104属,其中被子植物为研究区沙生植物的重要组成部分;生活型谱以高位芽植物居首位,其次为一年生植物,具有明显的亚热带荒漠属性;优势类群主要为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、蝶形花科(Papilionaceae)、菊科(Compositae)和禾本科(Gramineae)植物。（2）土地风沙化过程中,植物组成变化较大,固定沙丘上以特有种占优势,流动沙丘上主要是共有种,半流动沙丘上以共有种和稀有种组成;植物丰富度、多样性指数逐渐降低;旱生植物比例增多,中生植物减少,湿生植物仅在固定沙丘阶段出现;一年生植物的减少,地下芽植物的增加,变化幅度较大的为半流动沙丘至流动沙丘阶段。     

渭河宝鸡市区段河床沉积物磁性特征分析

利用环境磁学的方法可以有效地示踪河流沉积物的物源,对渭河宝鸡市区段干流及其支流河床沉积物全面系统的磁学特征分析表明：渭河干流和支流沉积物的磁性矿物含量总体相对较高,磁性矿物类型主要以亚铁磁性矿物磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为主,同时存在不完全反铁磁性矿物赤铁矿,磁晶粒以PSD（假单畴）和MD（多畴）颗粒为主。渭河干流沉积物的磁性特征在空间上表现出了一定的差异,根据χ_ARM/χ（非磁滞剩磁磁化率/磁化率）值的变化规律将渭河宝鸡市区段沉积物的来源分成了两段,第一段从宝鸡峡到神龙大桥,沉积物χ_ARM/χ 值逐渐减小,磁性颗粒逐渐变粗;第二段从神龙大桥到千河入渭口,沉积物χ_ARM/χ 值逐渐增大,沉积物的颗粒呈现出由粗变细的特征,指示了渭河宝鸡市区段河流沉积物存在一定的物源差异,渭河宝鸡市区段干流沉积物的物质来源主要以上游携带为主导,从神龙大桥向下游,支流对河床沉积物具有一定的贡献,北岸比南岸流域贡献的物质相对较多。     

珠海万山群岛海上生态公园建设规划构想

万册群岛位于珠江口门,拥有优越的区位条件,理想的旅游气候,众多的岛屿,广阔的海域,丰富的生物和旅游资源,发展海上生态旅游大有可为。根据珠海市旅游发展战略定位－国际旅游度假会议会展城,认为万山群岛是实施这一战略的重要组成部分,提出建设“万山群岛海上生态公园”的规划构想和若干建议。     

利用LANDSAT/TM热红外通道反演地表温度的三种方法比较

利用北京2004年1月28日、4月1日、4月17日、5月19日和7月6日过境的5景LANDSAT／TM影像和实测探空数据，分别运用大气辐射传输模型、覃志豪（2001）单窗算法和Jimenez-Mufioz＆Sobrino（2003）单窗算法反演北京城区地表温度。通过对反演结果进行对比分析，结果表明，覃志豪（2001）单窗算法与基于探空数据的辐射传输方程法结果具有较好的一致性。提出在没有实时探空数据情况。对只有一个热红外通道的LANDSAT／TM数据源采用覃志豪（2001）单窗算法反演地表温度，精度是可以接受的。     

辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性功能评价

在辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性调查的基础上,对辽河三角洲生物多样性进行评价,主要包括物种多样性和生态系统多样性。按照生物多样性评价标准,辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性处于一般水平,需要加大湿地生物多样性的保护力度。     

基于非结构化有限元的三维井地电阻率法约束反演

电磁探测反演是典型的不适定问题,易造成反演结果的多解性,不适定性是反演自身固有的特征,没有求解的附加信息这一本质困难是很难克服的,解决该问题的有效方法是研究约束反演。本文采用目前较为主流的高斯牛顿—共轭梯度法(GN-CG),在反演目标函数中直接施加约束条件,将介质电阻率的取值范围作为先验信息和约束条件以外点罚函数法的方式引入到反演目标函数中,与常规三维电阻率反演目标函数相比,增加了不等式约束项的目标函数,理论上可以压制反演的多解性。通过多种理论模型的测试结果表明,本文基于不等式约束的三维井地电阻率反演算法有效地改善了反演结果的精度,以惩罚函数法施加不等式约束条件的方式是现实可行及有效的。     

Influence of Arctic Oscillation on winter climate over China

In this study the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and climate in China in boreal winter are investigated. Correlation analysis for the last 41 years shows that the winter temperature and precipitation in China change in phase with AO. High positive correlation (>0.4) between temperature and AO appears in the northern China. High correlation coefficients between precipitation and AO cover the southern China (close to the South China Sea) and the central China (between 30o-40oN and east of ~100oE), with the values varying between +0.3 and +0.4. It is found that during the past several decades the precipitation was strongly affected by AO, but for the temperature the Siberian High plays a more important role. At the interdecadal time scale the AO has significant influence on both temperature and precipitation. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrates that AO and the Siberian High related variance in temperature and precipitation is 35% and 11% respectively. For precipitation, however the portion is rather low, implying that some other factors may be responsible for the changes in precipitation, in addition to AO and the Siberian High.     

中国装备制造业产学研合作创新网络初探

产学研合作是区域创新的主要途径和重要来源.以中国装备制造产业为例,基于中国知识产权局1985-2012年间的合作发明专利数据,借助SPSS,UCINET,ArcGIS等定量分析工具,对中国装备制造产业合作网络的创新主体结构,空间结构及其演变,创新合作的空间尺度的影响因素进行了分析.研究发现,民营企业,高校在中国装备制造产业创新网络中的地位不断上升,数量不断增加,且已经成为重要的创新源泉;市域空间合作成为发达地区城市产学研创新合作最重要的空间单元,国家空间是欠发达地区城市产学研创新合作的主要空间载体;理工科高校等科技资源的空间集聚态势是导致创新网络层级特征的主要因子,科技资源富集的行政中心如直辖市,省会城市等发达城市成为最重要的资源集聚地,创新源泉和创新合作对象.     

Cluster analysis on summer precipitation field over Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2004

The summer day-by-day precipitation data of 97 meteorological stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2004 were selected to analyze the temporal-spatial dis-tribution through accumulated variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis, empirical orthogonal function, power spectrum function and spatial analysis tools of GIS. The result showed that summer precipitation occupied a relatively high proportion in the area with less annual precipitation on the Plateau and the correlation between summer precipitation and annual precipitation was strong. The altitude of these stations and summer precipitation ten-dency presented stronger positive correlation below 2000 m, with correlation value up to 0.604 (α=0.01). The subtracting tendency values between 1961–1983 and 1984–2004 at five altitude ranges (2000–2500 m, 2500–3000 m, 3500–4000 m, 4000–4500 m and above 4500 m) were above zero and accounted for 71.4% of the total. Using empirical orthogonal function, summer precipitation could be roughly divided into three precipitation pattern fields: the Southeast Plateau Pattern Field, the Northeast Plateau Pattern field and the Three Rivers' Headstream Regions Pattern Field. The former two ones had a reverse value from the north to the south and opposite line was along 35°N. The potential cycles of the three pattern fields were 5.33a, 21.33a and 2.17a respectively, tested by the confidence probability of 90%. The station altitudes and summer precipitation potential cycles presented strong negative corre-lation in the stations above 4500 m, with correlation value of –0.626 (α=0.01). In Three Rivers Headstream Regions summer precipitation cycle decreased as the altitude rose in the sta-tions above 3500 m and increased as the altitude rose in those below 3500 m. The empirical orthogonal function analysis in June precipitation, July precipitation and August precipitation showed that the June precipitation pattern field was similar to the July’s, in which southern Plateau was positive and northern Plateau negative. But positive value area in July precipita-tion pattern field was obviously less than June’s. The August pattern field was totally opposite to June’s and July’s. The positive area in August pattern field jumped from the southern Pla-teau to the northern Plateau.