The Impact of Mid- and High-Latitude Rossby Wave Activities on the Medium-Range Evolution of the EAP Pattern During the Pre-Rainy Period of South China

Based on the NCEP DOE AMIP II daily reanalysis data (1979{2005), the evolution of the East Asia/Pacific(EAP) teleconnection pattern during the pre-rainy period of South China is studied on the medium-range time scale. It is found that positive and negative EAP patterns share a similar generation process. In the middle and upper troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanating from the northeast Atlantic or Europe propagate toward East Asia along the Eurasian continent waveguide and finally give rise to the three anomaly centers of the EAP pattern over East Asia. Among the three anomaly centers, the western Pacific subtropical center appears the latest. Rossby wave packets propagate from the high latitude anomaly center toward the mid-latitude and the subtropical ones. The enhancement and maintenance of the subtropical anomaly center is closely associated with the subtropical jet waveguide and the incoming Rossby wave packets from the upstream. In the lower troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanate from the subtropical Asia toward East Asia. Positive and negative EAP patterns could not be regarded as "mirrors" to each other with simply re- versed phase. For the positive pattern, the positive height anomaly center around the Scandinavia Peninsula keeps its strength and position during the mature period, and the Rossby wave packets thus propagate persistently toward East Asia, facilitating a longer mature time of the positive pattern. As for the formation of the negative EAP pattern, however, the incoming Rossby wave energy from the upstream contributes to both the enhancement and southeastward movement of the negative anomaly belt from the Yenisei River to the Bering Strait and the positive anomaly center around Mongolia. At the peak time, the two anomlous circulations are evolved into the Northeast Asia and the mid-latitude anomaly centers of the negative pattern, respectively. The energy dispersion of Rossby wave packets is relatively fast due to the predominant zonal circulation in the extratropics, causing a shorter mature period of the negative pattern. During the pre-rainy period of South China, the prevalence of the EAP pattern signiˉcantly affects the rainfall over the region south of the Yangtze River. The positive (negative) EAP pattern tends to causepositive (negative) precipitation anomalies in that region. This is di?erent from the earlier research findingsbased on monthly mean data.     

单轴压缩岩样轴向回跳及侧向回跳理论研究

研究了单轴压缩条件下轴向回跳及侧向回跳之间的关系。在应变软化阶段,试样的弹性轴向应变及弹性侧向轴向应变由虎克定律确定;试样的轴向塑性应变及侧向塑性轴向应变由梯度塑性理论确定,它们与应力水平、剪切带倾角及宽度、软化模量及试样的尺寸有关。根据轴向应力-应变曲线及侧向应力-应变曲线软化段斜率的正负,得到了轴向回跳及侧向回跳的条件。轴向回跳的原因是轴向弹性应变的恢复快于轴向塑性应变的增加。侧向回跳的原因是侧向弹性应变的恢复快于侧向塑性应变的增加。当剪切带倾角的正切小于泊松比与试样宽高比之积时,若侧向变形发生回跳,则轴向变形就发生回跳;反之,若轴向变形发生回跳,则侧向变形就发生回跳。对于常规岩样,若侧向发生回跳,则轴向必定是回跳的。在应变软化阶段,根据轴向应变及侧向应变是否发生回跳,轴向应变与侧向应变曲线被划分为4种类型：即轴向回跳及侧向回跳情形、轴向回跳及侧向回跳情形、轴向不回跳及侧向回跳情形及轴向回跳及侧向不回跳情形,并得到了各种类型的条件。     

Variational iteration solving method for El Nino phenomenon atmospheric physics of nonlinear model

A class of El Nino atmospheric physics oscillation model is considered. The El Nino atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions. The conceptual oscillator model should consider the variations of both the eastern and westem Pacific anomaly patterns. An El Nino atmospheric physics model is proposed using a method for the variational iteration theory. Using the variational iteration method, the approximate expansions of the solution of corresponding problem are constructed. That is, firstly, introducing a set of functional and accounting their variationals, the Lagrange multiplicators are counted, and then the variational iteration is defined, finally, the approximate solution is obtained. From approximate expansions of the solution, the zonal sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the thermocline depth anomaly of the seaair oscillation for El Nino atmospheric physics model can be analyzed. El Nino is a very complicated natural phenomenon. Hence basic models need to be reduced for the sea-air oscillator and are solved. The variational iteration is a simple and valid approximate method.     

求解一类广义Brouwer不动点问题的连续化方法

对于广义Brouwer不动点问题的无界情形,研究者们主要针对凸集进行了一些研究,非凸集合还很少涉及。本文针对一类非凸集合,利用不动点问题的自映射以及新引入的二次连续可微映射构造了一组无界性条件,使得连续化方法能够求解无界非凸集合上的广义Brouwer不动点问题,并取得了该方法的全局收敛性结果,从而导致了可数值实现的全局收敛性算法。本文的研究结果在较大程度上推广了已有的研究结果,使得连续化方法能够处理更大一类不动点问题。     

基于多体分析的浅水FPSO和水下软钢臂系泊系统运动特性研究

基于多体动力分析方法进行FPSO和水下软钢臂系泊系统的运动特性研究。相较于非线性弹簧模拟软钢臂系泊系统或者其他近似模拟方法,多体分析方法可以充分考虑系泊系统具体结构形式及其动力项对FPSO运动性能的影响,更好的预报系统运动响应和系泊力。本文将FPSO和水下钢臂结构模拟成2个具有6自由度的独立结构,两者用系泊链组进行连接。基于三维势流理论应用汇源分布法,首先在频域内进行FPSO的水动力参数分析,进而在时域内对系统进行耦合动力分析。本文重点讨论系泊系统黏性力和二阶波浪力对系统响应的影响,计算结果发现系泊系统黏性力对系泊力有一定影响,而在浅水条件下二阶波浪力的计算对准确预报系统运动及系泊力非常重要。     

卫星遥感探讨杭州湾跨湖桥古文化消失原因

 8000 a前产生于杭州湾南部的跨湖桥史前灿烂文化，在辉煌了1000多a后，却神秘地消失了。针对这种消失，考古界还没有发 现确凿的原因。本文从卫星遥感角度，分析跨湖桥所处的地理、地貌特征，提出了钱塘江天文大潮冲毁跨湖桥文化的假说，希望这种 观点能够对跨湖桥这个难以用常规考古方法解决的史前文化消失问题提供一种有益的研究方法和思路。     

粤港澳区域联动发展的关键科学问题与重点议题

在新时期新背景下,实现粤港澳区域联动发展具有紧迫性、必要性和重大现实意义。本文认为研究粤港澳区域联动发展需要以区域一体化理论体系、“全球—地方”尺度理论、区域空间相互作用理论体系为主要的理论基础。其关键科学问题是研究“一国两制”下粤港澳尺度的区域联动理论,探索粤港澳区域联动的机制、关键因素、模式与路径;提出了粤港澳区域联动发展关注的4个重点议题：①粤港澳区域一体化/协同理论的研究与探索;②粤港澳地位与作用研究;③粤港澳联动的多尺度、多主体影响机制与模式研究;④粤港澳联动发展的实施路径研究。     

干旱区梨园不同覆盖条件下土壤环境因子综合性评价研究

在干旱沿黄灌区开展不同覆盖材料配合滴灌的灌溉保墒方式下,进一步研究了不同覆盖方式对梨园全生育期的土壤理化性状和养分含量变化影响,分析了土壤温度、水分、pH等和矿质营养元素间的相互关系,对覆盖后的土壤质量进行了综合性评价。试验处理分为无覆盖对照（T1）、园艺地布覆盖（T2）、玉米秸秆覆盖（T3）和黑地膜覆盖（T4）4个处理;试验设计为随机区组设计,每个处理小区均为167株梨树（约占地667 m²）,重复3次;各小区土样分0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm土层取样。结果表明：（1） 园艺地布和黑地膜覆盖处理有一定的增温效应,而玉米秸秆覆盖有较好的降温和稳温效应,且增墒效应明显,土壤含水率比其他3种处理显著提高了1.0%~2.7%。（2） 相较无覆盖处理,黑地膜覆盖可提升表层土壤pH,并加速表层土壤有机质的分解,有机质含量较无覆盖处理下降33.1%;玉米秸秆覆盖可显著降低各土层的土壤pH,降低范围为1.8%~4.6%,并促进0~20 cm土层有机质的提升,土壤有机质含量增加12.2%;园艺地布覆盖下0~40 cm土层内土壤有机质含量和全盐量均有降低。（3） 黑地膜覆盖下0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的碱解氮含量分别为73.00 mg·g^-1和64.53 mg·g^-1,均显著地高于无覆盖处理,无覆盖条件下土壤碱解氮在深层（40~60 cm土层）积累较多,显著地高于玉米秸秆和黑地膜覆盖;各处理0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层速效磷含量差异显著,大小顺序均为T4>T3>T2>T1,玉米秸秆覆盖可提升土壤速效钾和速效铁的含量。（4） 进行主成分分析表明不同覆盖方式对梨园浅层土壤环境因子的影响要明显大于深层土壤,在0~40 cm土层内各覆盖处理效果均好于无覆盖处理,其中玉米秸秆覆盖在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层综合得分分别为1.189和0.326,覆盖效果最佳。     

双层打包带加固窗间墙抗震性能试验研究

地震时砌体结构窗间墙易发生破坏,为了提高其抗震性能,对高宽比为1的2组共4片墙体,其中:2片为双层打包带加固墙体,2片为原墙,进行了拟静力试验,研究墙体的破坏形态、水平承载力、滞回曲线和耗能等抗震性能。试验发现原墙发生剪切破坏,加固后墙体发生摇摆破坏,加固改变了墙体破坏模式,加固后墙体滞回曲线饱满但有捏笼,破坏荷载、延性和耗能能力都有提高,破坏时未发生剥离,表明双层打包带加固法有效地提高了窗间墙体抗震性能,对承受较大竖向应力墙体效果更好,建议加固时要加强加固层与窗下和窗上墙体的连接。