土壤剖面的磁学特征及其对交通污染的指示意义——以北京首都机场高速公路为例

对北京首都机场高速公路旁采集的土壤柱状T01剖面的磁学参数和金属元素分析,探讨了研究区内现代交通导致的土壤磁学性质的变化及其对环境污染的响应.结果表明,磁参数(χ,ARM和SIRM)与重金属含量呈同步垂向变化趋势.来源于交通运输排放的污染物是土壤剖面上部(0～8 cm)磁性和金属含量增强的主要原因,8cm以下,土壤基本未受到污染,磁性矿物和重金属含量较低,磁性颗粒变化稳定,基本代表了该地区土壤的自然背景.尽管土壤岩石磁学分析表明剖面上下部受污染和未受污染样品的磁载体均是粒度较粗的多畴磁铁矿,但是结合磁参数比值曲线,说明底部样品的磁颗粒的粒度较顶部偏细.磁性矿物的含量变化没有影响磁颗粒的粒度特征.指标聚类等相关分析表明,土壤磁参数(χ,ARM和SIRM)与重金属元素(Pb,Zn和Cu)含量显著相关;结合模糊聚类分析,磁参数可用于追踪、识别交通污染物质在土壤剖面中的富集、迁移状态,揭示不同深度土壤的污染程度.     

华北东部地幔改造作用和置换作用:单斜辉石激光探针研究

对山东蒙阴古生代金伯利岩中石榴石方辉橄榄岩、河南鹤壁新生代玄武岩中 铬尖晶石方辉橄榄岩、山东栖霞新生代玄武岩中央晶石二辉橄榄岩和山东山旺新生代 玄武岩中尖晶石（富ＣｐＸ）二辉橄榄岩单斜辉石的常量、微量元素的研究和对比表明：华 北地块古生代稳定存在的克拉通岩石圈地幔在中、新生代其东部被具大洋地幔性质的 显生宙地幔不均匀地发生了置换作用,残存于南北重力梯度带（岩石圈减薄过渡带）上 的鹤壁浅部克拉通地幔除保存有置换作用前改造作用的丰富信息外,也包含有其深部 被置换后的地幔改造作用信息;郯庐断裂带东部栖霞的新生地幔仍保留有较多的大洋 地幔成分特征,而郯庐断裂带内山旺的新生地幔受后续地幔改造作用的影响有向大陆 地幔演化的趋向．发生于华北地块东部中、新生代的岩石圈巨厚减薄作用与地幔的置换 作用有关,由渐进的富ＣＯ_２流体或碳酸岩熔体对岩石圈地幔的交代改造作用以及由此 所引起的熔体抽取作用是完成新生地幔对古老地幔置换作用的关键．郯庐断裂带等岩 石圈深大断裂为地幔改造作用和地幔置换作用提供了良好的通道作用．     

一种用于实验室的热线式云含水量仪

1.概述在雷暴电荷模拟实验等实验室研究工作中,了解模拟云的液水含量(LWC)是不可缺少的。人们以往都采用烟熏玻璃片、For mvar印模仪、Knollenberg光学探头及干湿表法等手段测定云中液体水含量(LWC),但大多存在着成本高、准确度差或计算繁重     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODELING OF COHESIVE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT BY TIDAL CURRENT IN PEARL RIVER ESTUARV

IINTRODUCTIONEstUariesareprominentcoastalfeatUres.Estuariesareofgreateconomicssignificancetomankind.Attheseareas,manyharborsandwaterchannelshavetobebuiltforeconomicpurposes.ThedesignandconstrUctionofcoastalstrUctUresinestUariesrequireknowledgeofhydrodynamicsaswellassedimenttransportinsuchregions.ThenatUreofestuariesiscontrolledbyvariouscoastalhydrodynamicprocesses.Undertheactionofhydrodynamics,sedimentdepositionsorerosionswilloccurinestuariesornearcoastalstrUCtures.Tomaintainnavigati…     

Challenges in the Detection and Attribution of Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Trends Since 1850

Since 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has heavily relied on the comparison between global climate model hindcasts and global surface temperature(ST) estimates for concluding that post-1950s global warming is mostly human-caused. In Connolly et al., we cautioned that this approach to the detection and attribution of climate change was highly dependent on the choice of Total Solar Irradiance(TSI) and ST data sets.We compiled 16 TSI and five ST data sets and found by alter...     

流动CO2—H2O系统中方解石溶解动力学机制：扩散边界层效应和CO2转？…

利用旋转盘实验装置和高分子生物催化剂技术,笔者研究了流动ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ系统中方解石溶解动力学及其控制机制。实验发现,方解石的溶解既受到固－液界面间扩散边界层（ＤＢＬ）的控制,还受到扩散边界层内ＣＯ２慢速转换反应（ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２Ｏ←→Ｈ＾＋＋ＨＣＯ＾）的控制。然而,高ＣＯ２分压（Ｐｃｏ２〉０．０１ａｔｍ）时,溶解主要为ＣＯ２慢速转换控制,而低ＣＯ２分压（Ｐｃｏ２〈０．０１ａｔｍ）时,溶解主要为扩散为边     

Relationship between magnetic parameters and heavy element contents of arable soil around a steel company, Nanjing

Magnetic parameters and element contents were determined in core NJ008 collected from the uppermost ca. 40 cm in a steel company in southwest Nanjing. The results showed that magnetic susceptibility (χ), saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) and anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) were enhanced in the uppermost 20 cm, with a mean magnetic susceptibility value of 112.5×10-8 m3 kg-1. Below 20 cm, χ decreased sharply with a mean value of 27.8×10-8m3 kg-1. Low-coercivity minerals such as magnetite dominate in arable soils, while the relative content of antiferromagnetic minerals increases below 20 cm. Heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Fe, Pb, V, and Zn) have similar vertical trends as χ. Principal component analysis reveals common high loadings of the same factor for magnetic concentration parameters (χ, ARM, and SIRM) and elements (Ni, Cu, Fe, Pb, V, and Zn) with an excellent linear correlation (0.69≤R≤0.98) between them. Magnetic susceptibility of paddy soil core NJ013, which had the same parent material as NJ008 but was far from pollution sources, showed stable values of magnetic concentration parameters along the whole core. Absolute values correspond to the so-called magnetic background value (below 20 cm) of NJ008. This indicates that pesticide and fertilizer had little effect on magnetic signals of the upper part of core NJ008 and the extremely enhanced magnetic concentration parameters originate from the steel company emission. Although, the arable soil does not reveal the pollution history and transportation due to annual ploughing, the significant linear relationship between magnetic concentration parameters and heavy metal contents suggests that magnetic parameters can serve as a proxy for quickly detecting soil metallic pollution and estimating the extent of contamination.     

晚更新世黄土堆积物中的10Be记录

给出西峰黄土剖面0.15Ma以来¹⁰Be浓度、CaCO₃含量、粒度分布和有机质含量曲线。通过与深海沉积物δ¹⁸O曲线拟合,建立了西峰黄土剖面¹⁰Be时标,并与洛川黄土剖面¹⁰Be记录进行了对比研究。进一步计算了黄土堆积速率及¹⁰Be沉降量。     

THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF A STRATIGRAPHICAL BREAK IN THE CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN LIMESTONES OF NORTHERN ANHUI,AND ITS BEARING UPON THE SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATJON OF THE CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN STRATA

Those who have followed the historical development of the systematicclassification of the old Palaeozoic rocks in Europe would undoubtedly wellremember how the Ordovician became recognized as a well-defined,independ-