火星南极发现大片冰覆层

一艘绕火星飞行的太空船发现:火星的南极覆盖着大片的冰层,蓄水量非常丰富,假如呈液态,整个火星将会被11m深的水所覆盖。科学家们利用欧洲航天局“火星快车”号太空船上的雷达装置测量出火星南极冰层的厚度和体积。该雷达装置是美国国家航空航天局和意大利航天局联合制造的。根     

云蒙山变质核杂岩抬升过程中伸展拆离和岩浆底辟联合作用的证据

北京地区云蒙山变质核杂岩在白垩纪阶段抬升的早期,伴随着沿四合堂剪切带由北向南的拆离滑脱和大型花岗闪长岩的垂向侵位,晚期变形发生在花岗闪长岩岩基周边及其邻近围岩中,形成云蒙山剪切带,并伴随大量同构造的花岗岩和伟晶岩岩脉灌入。剪切带中所有的岩脉都随时间发生了不同程度的变形,较老的岩脉形成紧闭的圆柱状褶皱,枢纽与剪切带的线理和面理接近平行。岩脉与剪切带中L-S组构的平行化作用主要是由于这种转动的结果。岩脉的成分和长英指数随它们的变形程度发生变化,说明持续的岩浆分异作用与韧性剪切变形是同时发生的。云蒙山剪切带由岩浆底辟引起的上盘岩石重力所驱动,并不断得到同构造侵位岩脉的补充,起到存储和不断改造侵位岩脉的作用。早期伸展体制下形成的四合堂剪切带局部遭受云蒙山剪切带的改造或复合。该地区的岩石、构造和同构造岩脉的变形几何学和运动学证据表明,太古宙结晶基底的抬升是下部岩浆底辟与上部地壳伸展拆离共同作用的结果。     

西加拿大波利尔平原地表水富营养化管理技术

Surface waters in western Canada often experience eutrophication-related problems with water quality, specifically high internal phosphorus loading rates and excessive phytoplankton and macrophyte production, that lead to water column anoxia and restricted fisheries habitat. A group of researchers from across Canada were involved for a seven-year period in cooperative programs for surface water quality management in western Canada, based at the University of Alberta. This paper summarises information on two techniques, hypolimnetic oxygenation and lime (Ca₂CO₃ and Ca(OH)₂) application, used in western Canada (specifically, the province of Alberta) to manage eutrophication in standing waters (lakes and reservoirs).     

Smart Sediment Particle: A novel approach to investigating fluvial bed entrainment using instrumented sensors

The Smart Sediment Particle(SSP) instrumented with multiple sensors to obtain tri-axial linear accelerations is used for studying the mechanism of coarse grain entrainment. Three bed arrangements are tested to examine their influences on entrainment processes and the threshold force and impulse conditions. The SSP shows satisfactory precision to capture the imperceptible movement tendencies immediately(e.g., 0.15 s) after the dislodgement. The experimental results show that bed packing can signi...     

全国固体矿产资源区划数据库建设

为建立全国固体矿产资源成矿远景区划数据库,使全国性资源评价规划工作计算机化,也为在新一轮国家矿产资源潜力评价中引入现代新技术新方法打下重要基础,文章应用GIS技术管理空间数据的有效手段,建立了基于GIS的区划空间数据库,以助于区划地质成果资料的充分、有效利用,开发的数据库可以在新一轮全国成矿远景区划中使用.     

Androzic导航软件在地质灾害调查中的应用

在新的地质领域中,数字化、矢量化技术手段已日益成熟,简捷、高效的技术手段已成为各地质单位所追求的目标。以地质灾害调查为例,通过研究各导航软件的野外离线导入功能,摸索出较为简便、精确的离线地图导入功能:该流程是通过Img2ozf软件转化图片格式为OZF2文件形式;再通过OziExpTrail软件进行离线地图校准,校准个数达4个以上,实际误差为3～5m;最后导入设备Androzic软件中,即可实现离线地图导航。该方法的使用可以有效提高野外地质调查效率,节约纸质资源,减少开支成本,但也存在中文字符文件名无法识别、耗电量大等不足之处,有待后期研究。     

逃逸构造和阿拉斯加的挤出：过去、现在和将来

大部分北太平洋边缘带是以侧向压缩地壳“侧向压缩流或称为造山流-译者注orogenicstream”为特征的。边缘带块体沿着西加拿大和阿拉斯加中部的大规模弯曲走滑断层向阿留申群岛-白令海俯冲带移动。在阿拉斯加链西部,整个中生代期间（可能更长）北太平洋边缘造山流发生构造逃逸。在移动过程中,相关的刚性块体发生古地磁旋转,雁列式断层边界通过这个系统从初始位置朝阿留申群岛一白令海俯冲带的自由边界移动。北太平洋边缘造山流模式含经典的地体构造,并为北美西部离散板块边界的移动提供了构造格架模式。     

A note on the relationship between temperature and water vapor over oceans, including sea surface temperature effects

An ideal and simple formulation is successfully derived that well represents a quasi-linear relationship found between the domain-averaged water vapor, Q (mm), and temperature, T (K), fields for the three tropical oceans (i.e., the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans) based on eleven GEOS-3 [Goddard Earth Observing System (EOS) Version-3] global re-analysis monthly products. A Q ? T distribution analysis is also performed for the tropical and extra-tropical regions based on in-situ sounding data and numerical simulations [GEOS-3 and the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model]. A similar positively correlated Q ? T distribution is found over the entire oceanic and tropical regions; however, Q increases faster with T for the former region. It is suspected that the tropical oceans may possess a moister boundary layer than the Tropics. The oceanic regime falls within the lower bound of the tropical regime embedded in a global, curvilinear Q ? T relationship. A positive correlation is also found between T and sea surface temperature (SST); however, for one degree of increase in T, SST is found to increase 1.1 degrees for a warmer ocean, which is slightly less than an increase of 1.25 degrees for a colder ocean. This seemingly indicates that more (less) heat is needed for an open ocean to maintain an air mass above it with a same degree of temperature rise during a colder (warmer) season [or in a colder (warmer) region]. Q and SST are also found to be positively correlated. Relative humidity (RH) exhibits similar behaviors for oceanic and tropical regions. RH increases with increasing SST and T over oceans, while it increases with increasing T in the Tropics. RH, however, decreases with increasing temperature in the extratropics. It is suspected that the tropical and oceanic regions may possess a moister local boundary layer than the extratropics so that a faster moisture increase than a saturated moisture increase is favored for the former regions. T,Q, saturated water vapor, RH, and SST are also examined with regard to the warm and cold “seasons” over individual oceans. The Indian Ocean warm season dominates in each of the five quantities, while the Atlantic Ocean cold season has the lowest values in most categories. The higher values for the Indian Ocean may be due to its relatively high percentage of tropical coverage compared to the other two oceans. However, Q is found to increase faster for colder months from individual oceans, which differs from the general finding in the global Q?T relationship that Q increases slower for a colder climate. The modified relationship may be attributed to a possible seasonal (warm and cold) variability in boundary layer depth over oceans, or to the small sample size used in each individual oceanic group.     

红河断裂的GPS监测

红河断裂带(RRFZ)是一条大型的走滑断裂带,本文利用1999年和2003年的GPS观测,通过数据反演,获得在欧亚参考框架下的速度矢量图。结果表明:在欧亚框架下,东向分量平均速度为3.726mm/a;北向分量平均速度为-9.013mm/a;由北向南,各测站的北向分量速率值逐渐减小;由西向东,各测站的东向分量速率值逐渐减小;测区内呈现明显的右旋拉张走滑运动。分析表明云南红河地区地壳水平运动的特征以及断裂活动性质与构造地质相当一致。     

Food resources of the Khog Gzung site on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA

Traditional zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical methods based on morphological identification of the excavated faunal and floral remains have been broadly used in reconstructing ancient subsistence economies. However, the accuracy and reliability of these methods rely heavily on the preservation state of the remains. By sequencing the ancient DNA of plants,animals, and microorganisms preserved in sediment, sedimentary ancient DNA(sedaDNA) now offers a novel approach for reconstructing the tax...