The pathway and fate of the heavy metal mixture in Xiamen marine experiment enclosures

The pathway and fate of heavy metals were studied in 10m3 enclosures at Xiamen Bay in 1985. The dissolved metals added are removed rather quickly during the first days, and their half-removal times ( t1/2) (d) are as follows: Pb 5. 4-5. 8, Hg 6. 7-14, Zn 11-22, Cu 16 - 29, and Cd 30-89. Zinc is transferred biologically to particles during phytoplankton bloom. The main Fate of added metals after 27 days is as follows; over 80% Cd and 60% Cu remain in dissolved phase, more than 60% Pb and 50% Hg transfer to settling settlement, while Zn is equally distributed in dissolved phase and settling settlement. The wall uptake is less than 2% of the total metals added. Organic materials play an essential role in the partition and the transfer of heavy metals in water column. Terrigenous and autochthonous particles show different affinities to different metals. Most heavy metals associate weakly with zooplankton. The Binding of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu to the particles shows distinctive features related to the diagenetic     

用于岩层监测的自动水准测量方法

为地下煤矿的开采发展了一种精密的水准测量技术。借助于辅助设备,它已成功地用于矿房、矿柱的采准及回采期间顶板下沉的监测。本文详细介绍了仪器设备和操作方法,并列出了该系统综合试验成果及总体精度。     

THE EFFECT OF MINE TAILINGS ON LEVELS OF HEAVY METALS IN SEAWATER

Changes in levels of heavy metals in seawater resulting from the addition of mine tailings were studied using plastic enclosures. Nominal concentrations of 10 mg l-1 and 100 mg l-1 of mine tailings from a B. C. molybdenum mine were added, and the metal levels were followed together with sedimentation rates, particle size distribution and other oceanographic and biological time-series parameters over sixteen days. No substantial elevation in levels of zinc, cadmium and copper was observed in the tailing bags compared to that in a background control bag with no addition of tailings. Lead showed a substantial increase in seawater following tailing addition and its removal apparently was with detritus settling following a plankton bloom, and inorganic settling of fine tailing particles.     

干旱区地下水补给与气候变化的包气带地球化学记录--以巴丹吉林沙漠为例

氯平衡原理在降雨极其稀少的干旱区研究地下水补给具有较强的适用性,与H、O稳定同位素及含水量在包气带垂向的变化相结合,能够准确地计算地下水的多年平均补给率.在巴丹吉林沙漠南缘的2个钻孔剖面分别记录了过去574 a(B1)和812 a(B2)以来的补给量变化过程及其所反映的气候波动特征,在该地区,多年降雨量为89 mm,而补给量平均仅为1.3 mm/a,从B2剖面完整的记录可以将800 a B P气候划分为4个干期和3 个湿期.1500～1530年是干旱区气候突变的时期,18世纪末至19世纪初是气候环境演化的又一个十分重要的时间界限,自此以后的漫长时间,干旱化进程进一步加剧.     

鲁北深部砂岩热储开发地质环境变形效应研究

山东省深部砂岩热储资源丰富,热储开发利用对区域经济社会发展具有重要促进作用。但如果不注重深部热储的适度、有序开发,超出其临界量后可能会引发区域地面沉降等不良地质环境问题,因而,研究深部砂岩热储开发引发的地质环境变形问题意义重大。本文针对山东省鲁北典型深部砂岩热储区热储开采的地质环境影响问题进行深入研究,确定了开采量、开采层位等因素导致的热储层沉降量,分析了热储层沉降对该区地面总沉降的贡献。对深入认识鲁北地区深部砂岩热储的地质环境效应,合理开发深部热储资源提供借鉴与依据。     

Environmental monitoring of the Zhujiang Estuary and its coastal waters

The Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary is a complex water system whose catchments basincovers a very large part of southern China. The large quantity of fresh water carried by the river system flows into the northern coast of the South China Sea through its eight inlets. The Zhujiang River Delta has experienced the fastest economic growth in China during the past two decades. Rapid population expansion and increased industrial development coupled with insufficient waste management turned the Zhujiang Estuary into waste disposal channels just before entering the coastal waters. The water quality of the estuaries and the coastal oceans has become polluted. During the past two years, an intensive study and monitoring efforts of the pollutions of these waters have been made. A systematic and integrated monitoring task including shore-based measurements, shipboard in-situ measurements, and satellite and radar remote sensing surveys has been completed. Comprehensive collection of physical, chemical and biological     

香港水环境管理重点分析

With a high population density, immense commercial and industrial activities, Hong Kong produces over two million tonnes of municipal wastewater each day. Until recently, about 50% of the municipal wastewater enters water courses, rivers, and coastal waters without treatment. Untreated organics, heavy metals and refractory synthetic materials accumulate in certain areas, and have led to breakdown of aquatic and marine ecological systems, closure of beaches, red tides and bioaccumulation in seafood. In 1974, a team of consultants was commissioned to study the water pollution problems encountered in Hong Kong. After two decades in the effort to improve the water environment, a flexible framework for environmental planning and management over the following ten years has been designed. This programme comprises (1) establishment of water control zones and pollution control legislation, (2) upgrading of services and facilities for management of municipal sewage and chemical wastes, and (3) construction of the "Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme". In line with this programme, a priority has been set on implementing a "polluter pays policy" which requires the industries to share the costs of sewage treatment and encourages them to install on-site wastewater pretreatment facilities to reduce wastewater generation and to ensure sustainable development.     

伽师地震区地壳细结构及发震断层的初步研究

199年至1998年伽师地区共出现9次震级为6.1-6.8级的强震. 在一个非常短的时间间隔内和非常小的地区范围内接连出现这么多次震级非常接近的地震,确实非常罕见. 为研究伽师强震区的深部构造背景和孕震机制,本文对伽师地震区的余震观测资料进行了分析处理. 利用联合反演技术同时得到了地震震源位置和地震区地壳三维速度结构. 余震震中沿一北北东向条带分布,与强震分布的两个条带中的北东向条带位置基本重合. 三维反演得到的速度结构结果表明,在地下12 km以下存在一条北北东向和一条北北西向的低速条带. 上述两低速条带与强震分布的两个条带位置很接近. 初步推测,低速条带对应了地壳深部的两条断裂. 在我们观测期间,北北东向断裂有微震活动,北北西向断裂相对平静.