Is China Over-Populated?

The object of this paper is to show that the general poverty of the Chinese people is not caused by over-population, but by the primitive methods of production, the existing system of exploitation, the political chaos and the political and     

Is China Over-Populated?

The object of this paper is to show that the general poverty of the Chinese people is not caused by over-population, but by the primitive methods of production, the existing system of exploitation, the political chaos and the political and     

Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China

Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Fe) in surface sediments from nine sites in western Xiamen Bay and its vicinity were studied in order to understand current metal contamination due to urbanization and economic development in Xiamen, China. The sediment samples were collected in December 2004 and July 2005 respectively in order to examine temporal variations. In this study, we found that heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments sampled in the western Xiamen Bay and adjacent Maluan Bay and Yuandang Lagoon varied from 19 to 97mg kg(-1) for Cu, 45 to 60mg kg(-1) for Pb, 65 to 223mg kg(-1) for Zn, 0.11 to 1.01mg kg(-1) for Cd, 37 to 134mg kg(-1) for Cr, 25 to 65mg kg(-1) for Ni and 3.08 to 4.81% for Fe. Although all metal concentrations in sediments meets Chinese National Standard Criteria for Marine Sediment Quality, both metal enrichment factors (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I(geo)) show that Pb contamination exists in the entire study area and contamination of other metals are also present in some locations depending on the sources, of which sewage outlets and commercial ports are the main sources of contaminants to the area. This study shows that using the sediment quality standard criteria only to assess sediments cannot properly reflect sediment contamination. A multiple approaches should be applied for the sediment quality assessment.     

翼龙类和驰龙类尾的前关节突和脉弧棒的趋同演化及翼龙类和鸟类尾部肌肉退化的平行模式

The caudal morphology of dromaeosaurid dinosaurs and most “rhamphorhynchoid” pterosaurs is a striking example of convergent evolution. In both groups, all but the most anterior five to seven caudal vertebrae have postzygopophyses that are elongate, equaling or exceeding the corresponding centra in length, and have bifurcating rod-shaped prezygopophyses that extend as much as seven times the length of the corresponding centra.     

新疆拜城波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩矿物学特征

新疆拜城县波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩为富含铌、钽、铀、钍、稀土、锆、铷、铯、锂等有用元素的含矿岩体.通过偏光显微镜、电子探针(EPMA)分析, 对拜城波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩的矿物学特征进行了详细的研究, 并对岩浆形成的构造背景进行了初步探讨, 这对成岩、成矿作用研究有一定参考意义.研究结果表明, 波孜果尔东矿区侵入岩为黑云母碱性花岗岩, 主要造岩矿物包括石英、钠长石、钾长石、钠铁闪石、锂云母和黑云母等.其中, 黑云母为锂铁叶云母, 以富Si富Fe、低Al贫Mg为特征; 锂云母以富Si、高Li低Al为特征, 它们为黑云母-锂铁云母系列的不同成员, 均属三八面体型.钠铁闪石以富含Fe2+为特征.副矿物包括烧绿石、星叶石、氟铈矿、独居石、钍石、萤石、锆石、铌铁矿等.岩石形成于非造山的板内构造环境, 且具高温、无水、低氧逸度的成岩特点.      

扬子克拉通东南缘新元古代陆缘弧型TTG的厘定及其构造意义

在扬子克拉通东南缘的江山-绍兴结合带沿线多处出露新元古代深成杂岩,以往被认为是沿扬子克拉通和华夏地块碰撞缝合带侵入的板内型深成岩类。本文选择其中的浙江金华罗店中酸性深成杂岩进行了系统的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究,提出它们属TTG岩石组合,包括英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩组合(T1T2G1)和二长花岗岩-花岗岩组合(G2QM)两类,普遍以明显富集Rb、Ba、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素而强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素为特征,δCe为弱负异常或无异常,属典型的弧岩浆岩类。T1T2G1组合富钠贫钾,εNd(t)值=+2.6~+9.4,Mg#值为41.5~63.1,推断由玄武质俯冲板片脱水部分熔融而成,并受到地幔楔橄榄岩熔体的混染。G2QM组合与T1T2G1组合地球化学特征类似,但又明显富K2O(2.75%~5.08%)、LILE和LREE,低Mg#值(27.2~52.31)和εNd(t)值(+1.7~+2.0),应是T1T2G1源区继续部分熔融的产物,可能未受到明显的地幔楔橄榄岩混染。测得花岗闪长岩(G1)锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为841±10Ma,奥长花岗岩(T2)锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为793±13Ma,前人报道之花岗岩(G2)年龄为832±44Ma,结合上述地球化学特征,说明T1T2G1和G2QM组合是由新元古代古华南洋向扬子东南缘持续俯冲形成的。综合区域地质资料及前人研究结果,提出金华罗店与诸暨璜山、绍兴平水等地的深成杂岩共同构成了扬子克拉通东南缘一条长达200km的青白口纪(930~793Ma)陆缘弧型深成杂岩带,反映迟至793Ma前仍存在强烈的洋壳俯冲,扬子克拉通尚未与华夏地块发生碰撞拼合,且T1T2G1-G2QM组合的出现指示洋壳俯冲正处于早-中期阶段。     

MONITORING POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENT POREWATER BY SPMD

A new mimic biological Semi-permeable Membrane Device (SPMD) introduced for sampling organic pollutants yielded satisfactory results when it was frrst used as a passive sampler to concentrate and determine 16 kinds of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by means of capillary GC on an HP 5890 GC-FID in coastal sediment perewater. The concentration of PAHs in sediment porewater for naphthalene(N), acenaphthlene(AL), acenaphthene (AE), fluorene (F), phenaphthene(P), anthracene(A), fluoranthene(FA), pyrene(Py), benzo[a]anthracene(B[a]A), chrysene(Chr), benzo[b] fluor- anthene(B[b]F), benzo[k]fluoranthene(B[k]F), benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P),indeno[1,2,3,-cd]-Pyrene(I[123]P), dibenz[a,h]anthracene(D[ab]A) and benzo[g,h,i] perylene(B[ghi]P) were:50.36, under detection limits(UD), 18.19, 8.41, 8.40, 1.44, UD, 8.01, 524.15, 168.47, 50.13,123.66, 63.48, 27.40, 82.04 and 58,81 ng/L, respectively.     

气象之最

迄今为止地面上最低的气温是在南极前苏联东方站上测到的,其值为零下88.3℃,而最高的气温是在利比亚阿济济亚测行的,其值为58℃。地球上最潮湿多雨的地方是哥伦比亚的一个叫图图嫩多的小城市,年平均降雨量达到11 770毫米,而最干旱的地方则     

W3(OH)致密HⅡ区磁场研究

本文以W3(OH)为实例,建立了与OH脉泽成协的HII区气体-尘埃壳层的磁场模型,由此可见,致密HII区所在分子云核心中的磁场强度,与分子云核心的分子数密度之间存在指数α=1/2的幂律关系;而在HII区气体-尘埃壳层中,磁场强度与分子数密度之间存在α=1的正比关系,根据讨论可知,与OH脉泽成协的HII区,其气体-尘埃壳层的分子数密度为10~6cm~(-3)量级,磁场强度为几个mG;一旦分子数密度达10~7cm~(-3)量级,OH脉泽便将熄灭。     

DEPENDENCE BETWEEN FUSION TEMPERATURES AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF A CERTAIN TYPE OF COAL USING CLASSICAL,NON-PARAMETRIC AND BOOTSTRAP TECHNIQUES

A statistical study of the dependence between various critical fusion temperatures of a certain kind ofcoal and its chemical components is carried out.As well as using classical dependence techniques(multiple,stepwise and PLS regression,principal components,canonical correlation,etc.)together withthe corresponding inference on the parameters of interest,non-parametric regression and bootstrapinference are also performed.