地球自转长期稳定性的一种解释

古地磁数据显示了在古地磁和热点参照系之间的不到1000km的运动,即100Ma(百万年)期间的真极移,它意味着地球自转轴一直是相当稳定的。这个长期的自转稳定性可以用晚中生代和新生代的大规模板块运动的缓慢变化来解释,只要俯冲带的岩石层是地幔对流导致的地幔密度不均匀性的主要部分。因此,不需要引入其他诸如自转不规则的缓慢再调整之类的机制,就可以解释所观测到的缓慢的真极移。     

穿过具有平滑界面凹凸体的无震位错的传播

介绍了沿着有非均匀摩擦力的断层的索米格连纳位错传播的二维模式。断层滑动是由随时间缓慢增加的均匀的外界剪应力驱动的,位错在断层平面上的最小摩擦区成核,此区域被周转较高摩擦区（凹凸体）所限制。所研究的情况是具有平滑边界具有恒定摩擦梯度特征的凹凸体。对于弱带摩擦的外界剪切应力值来说,由于出现凹凸体,位错的传播被缓慢降下来,只是当它越过边界时,位错前缘才以逐渐增加的的速度前移。模式表明：在给定的外界剪切应     

Five-Stage Model of the Palaeozoic Crustal Evolution in Xinjiang

The great majority of the Palaeozoic orogenjc belts of Central Asia are of the intercontinental type, whose evolution always follows a five-stage model, i.e. the basal continental crust-extensional transitional crust-oceanic crust-convergent transitional crust-new continental crust model. The stage for the extensional transitional crust is a pretty long, independent and inevitable phase. The dismembering mechanism of the basal continental crust becoming an extensional continental crust is delineated by the simple shear model put forward by Wernike (1981). The continental margins on the sides of a gently dipping detachment zone and moving along it are asymmetric: one side is of the nonmagmatic type and the other of the magmatic type with a typical bimodal volcanic formation. In the latter case, however, they were often confused with island arcs. This paper discusses the five-stage process of the crustal evolution of some typical orogenic belts in Xinjiang.     

陆地生态系统碳循环对全球气候变化的动力响应

陆地生态系统和气候系统紧密相关,特别是植物,土壤和大气圈之间的碳循环。已有人提出气候和大气二氧化碳浓度的变化调整循环,使大量的碳沉淀提供给陆地生态系统,但直接证据很有限。估计了稳定气候态之间变化引起的生态系统碳储备变化,但对生态系统碳流动对短期气候变化的动力响应不了解得不够充分。用一个陆地生物持球化学模式,配合一个一般的循环莱模拟短期气候变化,定量研究１８６１－２０７０年大气ＣＯ２气候引起的短期生     

The Mars oxidant experiment (MOx) for Mars '96

The MOx instrument was developed to characterize the reactive nature of the martian soil. The objectives of MOx were: (1) to measure the rate of degradation of organics in the martian environment; (2) to determine if the reactions seen by the Viking biology experiments were caused by a soil oxidant and measure the reactivity of the soil and atmosphere: (3) to monitor the degradation, when exposed to the martian environment, of materials of potential use in future missions; and, finally, (4) to develop technologies and approaches that can be part of future soil analysis instrumentation. The basic approach taken in the MOx instrument was to place a variety of materials composed as thin films in contact with the soil and monitor the physical and chemical changes that result. The optical reflectance of the thin films was the primary sensing-mode. Thin films of organic materials, metals, and semiconductors were prepared. Laboratory simulations demonstrated the response of thin films to active oxidants.     

海拔高度对土壤温度的影响(节译)

对土壤温度的季节性变化,曾进行了广泛的研究。其中如何区分气象因子和土壤物理特性对地温的影响感到因难。本文通过实例证明,至少在英国,后者的影响和前者相比是次要的;其次的难题是所能得到的多数土壤温度资料是09时(世界时)的定时记录。本文指出,仔细考虑所能得到的有限的连续观测资料,可以在一定程度上解决这难题。最后文章指出,在夏天,土壤温度随海拔的升高而大辐度的下降(比气温降得快),在冬天,地温随海拔的升高降温减慢,有时甚至增温,多数情况下,比气温降温小,这些重要的现象,认为可以得到解释。     

论在横向不均匀条件下上地幔中的P波走时

约30年来,杰弗瑞斯一布伦(J-B)时距曲线被认为是最准确的标准时距曲线.但观测到的地震波走时在3—4秒时很少与J-B时距曲线所给定的值一致.在地震工作者中就爆破和地震所观测到的地震波走时不同的原因进行过争论,大多数学者认为走时之所以有差别是由于爆破时观测的精度较高所致.为了提高时距曲线的精度,也就是建立全球平均状态的时距曲线,必须考虑不同震中区的速度特点.而J—B时距曲线所利用的地震大多属于太平洋地震带,不能作为全球的平均值.1968年得出的时距曲线虽然用了278个地震和13个爆破的资料,但时距曲线在纵坐标中的位置是根据美国中部地区和上地幔构造模型确定的,因此,也不能作为全球的平均值.