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11.
Comparison of Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence with Conventional Techniques for the Analysis of Sedimentary Samples 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Michael A. Phedorin Vladislav A. Bobrov Evgeny P. Chebykin Evgeny L. Goldberg Michael S. Melgunov Svetlana V. Filippova Konstantin V. Zolotarev 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2000,24(2):205-216
A comparison is made of elemental analyses of sediment samples (lake bottom sediments and sediments from the petroliferous Bazhenovka Formation) by five competitive methods (synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF), INAA, ICP-MS, AAS and traditional XRF). The object of this study was to identify the most suitable analytical techniques for applications in sedimentary geochemistry. Advantages and shortcomings of the five techniques were considered with respect to applications related to studies of palaeo-climate changes recorded in sedimentary cores from Lake Baikal and the geochemical stratigraphy of the Bazhenovka Formation, which is rich in organic material. We have concluded that SR-XRF was the best technique for producing extensive analytical data series, from the point of view of its speed, ease of application, cost, non-destructive nature and sensitivity, which allowed for the simultaneous determination of more than twenty elements of geochemical interest in small samples of sediments. An additional benefit of the method was demonstrated when used for the independent certification of geological reference materials. International reference samples BIL-1 and SDO-1 were certified by means of this method without use of reference materials. Analyses were based on the physics of the theory of energy transport. 相似文献
12.
Shyh-Lung?HwangEmail author Pouyan?Shen Hao-Tsu?Chu Tzen-Fu?Yui Juhn?G.?Liou Nikolay?V.?Sobolev Ru-Yuan?Zhang Vladislav?S.?Shatsky Anton?A.?Zayachkovsky 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,148(3):380-389
Kokchetavite, a new polymorph of K-feldspar (KAlSi3O8), has been identified as micrometer-size inclusions in clinopyroxene and garnet in a garnet-pyroxene rock from the Kokchetav ultrahigh-pressure terrane, Kazakhstan. Kokchetavite has a hexagonal structure with a =5.27(1) Å, c=7.82(1) Å, V=188.09 Å3, Z=1, and is found to be associated with phengite + /-cristobalite (or quartz) + siliceous glass ± phlogopite/titanite/calcite/zircon, occurring as multi-phase inclusions in clinopyroxene and garnet. It is concluded that kokchetavite could not be an exsolution phase in host minerals. Instead, it might be metastably precipitated from an infiltrated K-rich melt during rock exhumation. Alternatively, although less likely, kokchetavite might be derived from dehydration of K-cymrite, which, in turn, was formed at high pressures. In either case, kokchetavite is a metastable polymorph of K-feldspar. 相似文献
13.
Vladislav V. Zelenov Elena V. Aparina Andrey V. Ivanov 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2014,71(1):33-53
Using a coated-insert flow tube reactor coupled to a low-energy electron-impact mass spectrometer with molecular beam sampling, we studied uptake of NO3 by sea salt at room temperature and [NO3]?=?8?1011???4?1013 molecule cm?3. The radical uptake coefficient γ(t) is time dependent: its initial value (γ ini) decreases exponentially with the characteristic time (τ) to its steady-state value (γ ss) at given [NO3]. The parameters γ ini, γ ss and τ depend on [NO3], whereas γ ss is water vapor independent at [H2O]?=?8?1012???1.6?1015 molecule cm?3 and RH ≤ 0.5 %. HCl and NO2 are uptake products detected in the gas phase. We used these findings to estimate γ values under tropospheric conditions for urban coastal and remote marine environments: at high NO3 (~90 ppt), the time dependence becomes important, and the γ value averaged over the aerosol lifetime is 4?10?3; at low NO3 (~1 ppt), the radical uptake is time independent and proceeds faster with γ ini?=?8?10?3 相似文献
14.
Summary The paper presents the method of deriving representations, optimal from the point of view of global characteristics, for areal and extreme angular distortion (3), (7), if one is optional and the other characteristic is minimized at the same time. If a special minimization method (Section 5) is used for computer processing, the problem can be solved in the region of representation equations in the form of polynomials of the 3rd or 5th degree, while assuming symmetry relative to the equator and the central meridian. Thus, the method enables both the fundamental global characteristics to be regulated freely. Their dependence is illustrated in graphs (Figs 2 and 6) depending on the selected examples of representations of the whole globe. The latter shows that method is a contribution for cartographic practice as well. 相似文献
15.
Vladislav Babuška Jaroslava Plomerová Edelvays Spasov Reviewer J. Janský 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1987,31(3):266-283
Summary Teleseismic P residuals calculated for waves arriving from various azimuths and angles of incidence, and a 3-D inversion of the residuals provided the basis for characterizing the uppermost mantle structure beneath Bulgaria. The Moesian Platform and the Rhodopean Massif are two different blocks characterized by a lithosphere thickness of about 130–140 km with a zone of lithosphere thinning along their contact. Both units have opposite patterns of the directional dependence of relatively high and low P velocities. This directional dependence is interpreted by dipping anisotropic structures in the subcrustal lithosphere, which probably represent remnants of paleosubductions of an old oceanic lithosphere.
auma u nu¶rt;u n¶rt; au aumau u au. a uu mu ¶rt;am ¶rt; aamuauu mm amuu n¶rt; au. uua nama u ¶rt;nu au, ¶rt;a au a mu um nuuum 130–140 ¶rt; uma m ¶rt; u mama. a a aamua nmun ana auum mum u u mu . ma anaa auum umnmuaa a nu aumn mm amu. mu mm n¶rt;maum a mamu na¶rt;u ma au um.相似文献
16.
am u aa auu uau, anm n u¶rt;uaa. u n nu m na uu; ¶rt; a am u¶rt; am ¶rt;uua au nu ¶rt;a u m¶rt; am. mam u nam n¶rt;m nu n ¶rt;uam, u n n¶rt;m uu, u m [3]. m¶rt; nuam mm, ¶rt;u ¶rt; amauu , u umum a nu. 相似文献
17.
Elastic properties of eclogite rocks from the Bohemian massif 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vladislav Babuška Jiří Fiala D. J. Mayson R. C. Liebermann Reviewer J. Buben 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1978,22(4):348-361
Summary Compressional velocity anistropy has been studied in detail at atmospheric pressure for 78 specimens of 23 types of eclogite rocks from the Bohemian massif. For nine of these rock types, compressional and shear velocities were measured as a function of pressure to750 MPa at room temperature. The velocity anisotropy for both compressional and shear waves is less than4% at high pressure. The velocities increase with increasing garnet content and decrease with increasing symplectitization. The Moldanubian eclogites have significantly higher velocities, on the average, than the eclogites from the Kruné hory crystalline complex, although the densities of both groups are comparable. 相似文献
18.
On the accuracy of the bathymetry-generated gravitational field quantities for a depth-dependent seawater density distribution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In geophysical studies investigating the lithosphere structure, the gravitational field generated by the ocean density contrast
(i.e., bathymetry-generated gravitational field) represents a significant amount of the signal to be modelled and subsequently
removed from the Earth’s gravity field. The ocean density contrast is typically calculated as the difference between the mean
density values of the Earth’s crust and seawater. The approximation of the actual seawater density distribution by its mean
value yields relative errors up to about 2% in computed quantities of the gravitational field. To reduce these errors, a more
realistic model of the seawater density distribution is utilized based on the analysis of existing oceanographic data of salinity,
temperature, and pressure (depth). We study the accuracy of the bathymetry-generated gravitational field quantities formulated
for a depth-dependent model of the seawater density distribution. This density distribution approximates the seawater density
variations due to an increasing pressure with depth, whereas smaller lateral density variations caused by salinity, temperature,
and other oceanographic factors are not taken into consideration. The error analysis reveals that the approximation of the
seawater density by the depth-dependent density model reduces the maximum errors to less than 0.6%. The corresponding depth-averaged
errors are below 0.1%. The depth-dependent seawater density model is further facilitated in expressions for computing the
bathymetry-generated gravitational field quantities by means of the spherical bathymetric (ocean bottom depth) functions.
The numerical realization reveals large differences in the results obtained with and without consideration of the depth-dependent
seawater density distribution. The maxima of absolute differences reach 201 m2/s2 and 16.5 mGal in computed values of the potential and attraction, respectively. The application of the depth-dependent seawater
density model thus significantly improves the accuracy in the forward modelling of the bathymetric gravitational field quantities. 相似文献
19.
Bohuslav R??ek Jaroslava Plomerová Vladislav Babu?ka 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2012,56(1):107-140
Joint inversion of teleseismic P-waveforms and local group velocities of surface waves retrieved from ambient seismic noise
has been performed to model velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of the Bohemian Massif. We analysed P-waveforms
of 381 teleseismic earthquakes recorded at 54 broadband seismic stations located on the territory of the Czech Republic and
in its close surroundings. Group velocities of Rayleigh and Love surface waves were obtained by cross-correlating long-term
recordings of seismic noise. The basis for waveform inversion is the well-known methodology of P-to-S receiver functions constructed
from converted phases. Due to instabilities in direct inversion of receiver functions caused by the necessity of applying
deconvolution, we propose an alternative formulation to fit observed and calculated radial components of P waveforms. The
joint inversion is transformed into a search for the minimum of the cost function defined as a weighted sum of waveform and
group velocity misfits. With the use of the robust stochastic optimizer (Differential Evolution Algorithm), neither derivatives
nor a starting model are needed. The task was solved for 1D layered isotropic models of the crust and the uppermost mantle.
We have performed a sequence of inversions with models containing one, two, three and four layers above a half-space. By using
statistical criteria (F-test) we were able to select the simplest velocity models satisfying data and representing local geological
structures. Complex crustal models are typical for stations located close to boundaries of major tectonic units. The relatively
low average P to S wave-velocity ratio is in agreement with the generally accepted view that the BM crust is predominantly
felsic. 相似文献
20.
Doklady Earth Sciences - A new promising source of mineral deposits is found in the southern part of the Far East of Russia: the Ti-bearing intrusions of ultramafic rocks of the Sikhote-Alin... 相似文献