A two-surface plasticity model for stiff clay

This paper presents a constitutive model for describing some important features of the behavior of natural stiff clay evidenced experimentally such as the limited elastic zone, the presence of strain hardening and softening, and the smooth transition from elastic behavior to a plastic one. The model, namely ACC-2, is an adapted Modified Cam Clay model with two yield surfaces: similarly to bounding surface plasticity theory, an additional yield surface—namely Inner yield surface—was adopted to account for the plastic behavior inside the conventional yield surface. A progressive plastic hardening mechanism was introduced with a combined volumetric-deviatoric hardening law associated with the Inner yield surface, enabling the plastic modulus to vary smoothly during loading paths. The main feature of the proposed model is that its constitutive equations can be simply formulated based on the consistency condition for the Inner yield surface, so that it can be efficiently implemented in a finite element code using a stress integration scheme similar to that of the Modified Cam Clay model. Furthermore, it is proved to be an appropriate model for natural stiff clay: the simulations of a set of tests along different mechanical loading paths on natural Boom Clay show good agreement with the experimental results.     

Location of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio anguillarum</Emphasis> resistance-associated trait loci in half-smooth tongue sole <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cynoglossus semilaevis</Emphasis> at its microsatellite linkage map

A cultured female half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) was crossed with a wild male, yielding the first filial generation of pseudo-testcrossing from which 200 fish were randomly selected to locate the Vibrio anguillarum resistance trait in half-smooth tongue sole at its microsatellite linkage map. In total, 129 microsatellites were arrayed into 18 linkage groups, ≥4 each. The map reconstructed was 852.85 cM in length with an average spacing of 7.68 cM, covering 72.07% of that expected (1 183.35 cM). The V. anguillarum resistance trait was a composite rather than a unit trait, which was tentatively partitioned into Survival time in Hours After V. anguillarum Infection (SHAVI) and Immunity of V. Anguillarum Infection (IVAI). Above a logarithm of the odds (LOD) threshold of 2.5, 18 loci relative to SHAVI and 3 relative to IVAI were identified. The 3 loci relative to IVAI explained 18.78%, 5.87% and 6.50% of the total phenotypic variation in immunity. The microsatellites bounding the 3 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of IVAI may in future aid to the selection of V. anguillarum-immune half-smooth tongue sole varieties, and facilitate cloning the gene(s) controlling such immunity.     

Practice and research progress on ecosystem conservation in transboundary areas

Many ecosystems extend across national or political boundaries. The consistent and effective protection of these ecosystems in transboundary areas(ETAs) is an important global research focus. Previous research on the protection of such areas can be categorized into seven themes: 1) ecological conservation of a single ETA; 2) investigation of the effects of a single conservation measure on a specific ETA; 3) determination of species-level effects due to ETA conservation; 4) comparison of the same protection measures between different ETAs; 5) introduction of a single conservation measure to a specific ETA; 6) understanding the relationship between conservation and sustainable development; and 7) generalization across multiple ETA conservation cases. The protection of ETAs involves various considerations, including funding support, demand and will for collaboration, community and public participation, historical and cultural factors, political backgrounds, uniqueness of biological resources, formulation of laws and regulations, founding of specialized administrative departments, non-governmental organizations, and fairness. Here, we briefly explain the research themes and considerations related to ETA conservation. The most important finding is that most major research themes do not focus on the challenges of ETA conservation. We use two nature reserves located between China and North Korea as examples to identify specific ways to improve ETA conservation on Changbai Mountains. The efficiency of ETA administration still remains low. The study of ETA conservation should focus on concrete regional information and aim to improve existing measures through the accumulation of experience.     

川南綦江-赤水地区晚燕山期以来差异构造变形

受到燕山晚期先后两期不同方向的挤压应力:大娄山SN向水平推挤作用、江南雪峰造山带SE-NW向的递进变形作用和喜山期整体的剧烈隆升作用,川南綦江-赤水地区晚白垩世以来发生显著差异构造变形。根据在多边界的条件下形成的多构造体系的联合与叠加现象,分析了本区构造演化时序。通过对本区典型地震剖面的的解释得出差异构造变形方式为滑脱褶皱冲断作用造成的收缩变形,并运用平衡剖面演化分析,计算了水平方向上的伸缩率;由点到线及面,运用声波时差法、磷灰石裂变径迹法、地震剖面趋势法和地质对比法恢复了各地区晚白垩世以来的剥蚀量,以此分析了研究区垂直方向上的隆升幅度。最后综合上述2个方向的构造形变量分级评价了各个构造单元的差异构造变形强度。     

我国东北地区玉米冷害风险评估

根据年平均寒积温水平,将东北地区的玉米冷害分成4个区域。在分析各冷害区域年寒积温距平与年减产率关系的基础上,确定东北地区各地无冷害影响年、一般冷害年、严重冷害年的年寒积温距平指标。将危险度、脆弱度和暴露度作为冷害风险的评估因子,建立了冷害风险评估指标体系,并应用层次分析法对各指标赋予权重。建立了冷害危险度与年平均寒积温的回归方程,利用地理因子构建了年平均寒积温空间格点化模型,应用地理信息系统推算东北地区玉米冷害危险度,由危险度、脆弱度和暴露度得到我国东北地区玉米冷害风险指数,并开展风险评估。结果表明:东北地区的玉米冷害风险空间分布呈北侧和南部低、东部中等、西部高,松嫩平原东北部和西北部以及吉林省中北部主要为较高或高风险区,三江平原主要为中等风险区,黑龙江省北部、吉林省东南部和辽宁省主要为较低或低风险区。     

Alteration of naruo porphyry Cu (Au) deposit in the duolong ore-concentration area,tibet北大核心CSCD

The Naruo Cu( Au) deposit is a large porphyry deposit in Bangonghu-Nujiang suture, and it is an important part of Duolong ore •concentration area. In this study, alteration and mineralization zoning were constrained by detailed field investigation and indoor petrography observation in order to characterize the alteration and establish alteration-zoning model for exploration. The deposit has typical porphyry hydrothermal alteration system with successively alteration zoning of potassium silicate zone( with later propylitization) to sericite zone( with later propylitization) , propylitic zone, and hornfel zone from inner outward. The mineralization is closely related to potassium silicification and sericitization.