iGMAS GNSS钟差产品综合与评估

高精度卫星导航定位离不开精密钟差改正信息,钟差产品综合与评估是产品综合与服务中心(ISC)的重要任务之一。本文首先介绍了ISC钟差产品综合策略和抗差估计方法,重点阐述了非线性系统误差处理、钟差参考基准统一及残余线性偏差补偿;然后,对比逐历元对准方法和"三步"校准法两种不同综合产品的精度和稳定性,并对iGMAS近两年的钟差产品进行了评估和详细分析;最后,为验证综合产品的精度和一致性,采用5个测站的静态数据进行了PPP测试。计算结果表明:综合钟差的RMS最优且稳定,可作为评估分析中心产品精度的参考解。此外,综合产品北斗单系统静态PPP的结果优于多数分析中心,位置精度在4cm以内。     

估计北斗卫星钟差频间偏差的一种方法

针对北斗频间卫星钟差偏差现有估计方法的不足,提出一种估计方法。该方法不仅顾及频间卫星钟差偏差的变化部分也顾及了其常数部分。采用10个观测站数据,验证了本文提出的算法,分析了北斗频间卫星钟差偏差的特性。在短期内,北斗频间卫星钟差偏差常数部分具有稳定性。对采用新算法计算得到的北斗频间卫星钟差偏差进行了模型化,结果表明,每颗卫星对应的频间钟差偏差可以利用10个参数予以高精度表示,对应精度可以达到厘米级。当采用第1天的模型参数进行第2天频间卫星钟差偏差值计算时,可实现厘米级结果。基于北斗频间卫星钟差偏差的稳定性与可模型化性,提出了高精度北斗卫星钟差服务策略,为我国高精度北斗卫星钟差服务提供参考。     

M-estimator for the 3D symmetric Helmert coordinate transformation

The M-estimator for the 3D symmetric Helmert coordinate transformation problem is developed. Small-angle rotation assumption is abandoned. The direction cosine matrix or the quaternion is used to represent the rotation. The \(3 \times 1\) multiplicative error vector is defined to represent the rotation estimation error. An analytical solution can be employed to provide the initial approximate for iteration, if the outliers are not large. The iteration is carried out using the iterative reweighted least-squares scheme. In each iteration after the first one, the measurement equation is linearized using the available parameter estimates, the reweighting matrix is constructed using the residuals obtained in the previous iteration, and then the parameter estimates with their variance-covariance matrix are calculated. The influence functions of a single pseudo-measurement on the least-squares estimator and on the M-estimator are derived to theoretically show the robustness. In the solution process, the parameter is rescaled in order to improve the numerical stability. Monte Carlo experiments are conducted to check the developed method. Different cases to investigate whether the assumed stochastic model is correct are considered. The results with the simulated data slightly deviating from the true model are used to show the developed method’s statistical efficacy at the assumed stochastic model, its robustness against the deviations from the assumed stochastic model, and the validity of the estimated variance-covariance matrix no matter whether the assumed stochastic model is correct or not.     

Adaptive Kalman filter based on variance component estimation for the prediction of ionospheric delay in aiding the cycle slip repair of GNSS triple-frequency signals

In order to incorporate the time smoothness of ionospheric delay to aid the cycle slip detection, an adaptive Kalman filter is developed based on variance component estimation. The correlations between measurements at neighboring epochs are fully considered in developing a filtering algorithm for colored measurement noise. Within this filtering framework, epoch-differenced ionospheric delays are predicted. Using this prediction, the potential cycle slips are repaired for triple-frequency signals of global navigation satellite systems. Cycle slips are repaired in a stepwise manner; i.e., for two extra wide lane combinations firstly and then for the third frequency. In the estimation for the third frequency, a stochastic model is followed in which the correlations between the ionospheric delay prediction errors and the errors in the epoch-differenced phase measurements are considered. The implementing details of the proposed method are tabulated. A real BeiDou Navigation Satellite System data set is used to check the performance of the proposed method. Most cycle slips, no matter trivial or nontrivial, can be estimated in float values with satisfactorily high accuracy and their integer values can hence be correctly obtained by simple rounding. To be more specific, all manually introduced nontrivial cycle slips are correctly repaired.     

抗差Tikhonov正则化方法及其应用

提出了抗差Tikhonov正则化方法，并给出了3种常用的计算正则化参数的抗差估计方法，即抗差L-曲线法、抗差广义交叉检核法和抗差广义不符原理。计算结果表明，抗差Tikhonov正则化方法不仅能克服方程病态，而且能有效地控制观测异常影响。     

四川冰洲石地质特征及其商品矿的精选开发

冰洲石系透明如水的方解石,CaCO_3含量达99.95％,县高折射率,用于制作各种偏光仪器,是现代高科技工业的重要矿物原料。我省碳酸盐岩分布地区赋存岩溶型、脉型、裂隙破碎带型冰洲石矿床。在古岩溶与节理裂隙相结合地段及方解石脉膨胀部位于成矿有利,光学材料晶体获得率较高。冰洲石的精选是以台灯聚光,在暗室里重点鉴定节瘤、管道、包体、剔出缺陷部分,获取商品晶体。四川地区现已发现有待勘查开发的冰洲石矿点30余处,建议加强地质勘查工作,对冰洲石资源进行保护性开采。     

省级海洋动力环境监测分布式数据仓库的设计和构建

建立分布式的数据仓库系统能够满足分布式的大数据量数据管理和多层次决策支持的数据要求,本文探讨了数据仓库分布与集中的利弊,提出了建立省级海洋动力环境分布式数据仓库的体系结构,分析了数据仓库的元数据和系统的开发模式.     

航标三维GIS系统的构建与应用

海上航标系统是海上交通安全保障体系的重要组成部分,航标信息化是"数字海事"战略实施的重要基础之一。本文结合上海海事局厦门航标处的航标日常管理与实时监控的实际业务需求,开展了利用实时仿真与电子海图相结合的技术构建航标三维GIS系统的应用研究和系统实现等工作。该系统的实现,有利于航标设置方案的审定与选择,监控者对现场环境的把握和应急决策。另外从业务应用和系统实现角度,对系统做了简要的介绍。     

洪涝灾害的本底数据库构建方法

采用一种新的方法和作业流程 ,通过利用 Par GIP并行遥感图像处理软件 ,以及 Arc GIS等软件对洪涝灾害地区建立遥感动态监测的本底数据库 ,包括遥感影像数据及矢量数据 ,为快速进行灾害的监测与评价提供基础与条件 ;通过在鄱阳湖地区的试验 ,使洪灾的监测评价速度和效率成倍提高。     

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