天然气水合物的海洋地球物理研究进展

赋存于大陆边缘的天然气水合物是20世纪后期海洋地球物理的一个重要研究对象。本文从地震，测井，地热，岩石物性4个方面阐述天然气水合物的海洋地球物理研究现状，并展望其发展前景。     

Glacier in the upstream Manla Reservoir in the Nianchu River Basin, Tibet: shrinkage and impacts

Glaciers in the upstream Manla Reservoir in the Nianchu River Basin are crucial for agriculture and hydropower in the "One River and Two Streams" area. Rising temperature has caused widespread retreat of glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau during the last few decades. In this study, glacier variations under climate change in the Nianchu River Basin are quantified and their influence are evaluated by analyzing 1980 aerial topographic maps, 1990 Landsat TM, 2000 Landsat ETM+, and 2005 CBERS remotely sensed images. It is found that from 1980 to 2005, the debris-free glacier area shrank by 7.3% (13.42 km²). Glacier shrinkage will have a positive effect on agriculture, hydropower and eco-environment in the near future. However, because the large number of small glaciers (<2 km²) will rapidly retreat and disappear in future years, melt water will decrease, ultimately resulting in a long term water shortage. Glacial lakes exhibited rapid expansion due to accelerating glacier retreat during 1980–2005, increasing the possibility of glacial lake outburst floods.     

改革开放以来中国行政区划格局演变与驱动力分析

行政区划变更与社会经济发展密切相关,也影响着社会经济的健康发展。主要分析了1978年以来35年间中国县级以上各类型行政区的数量变化,根据变化特征和规律划分出四个发展阶段,阐述了各个阶段行政区划空间格局的发展变化,总结了中国行政区划演变的五种主要模式:建制变更、行政区拆分、行政区合并、建制升格以及新设立行政区。行政区划格局的演变受多种因素的影响,城镇化进程、中心城市的空间拓展、人口的集聚与增长、交通和通讯条件的改善以及政策因素都是行政区划格局演变的重要驱动力。在新型城镇化背景下,应该加强中国行政区划时空格局演变和驱动力分析,以期为中国未来的行政区划调整和城镇化的健康发展提供一些指导与借鉴。     

温度、盐度和光照对一株有毒利玛原甲藻生长的影响研究

针对一株利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima Dodge),应用小鼠生物测试法和高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析方法对其毒性和毒素成分进行了初步分析,并通过多因子实验,研究了温度、盐度和光照强度等环境因子对利玛原甲藻生长的影响.分析结果显示,这株利玛原甲藻能够产生大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)和鳍藻毒素1(Dinophysistoxin 1,DTX1)等腹泻性贝-毒-(Diarrhetic Shellfish Poison,DSP).多因素方差分析结果表明,在实验条件范围内(温度为18、21和24℃;盐度为28、32和36;光照强度为2500、5 000和7 500 lx),利玛原甲藻的生长受盐度影响显著(P＜0.05),而温度和光照强度对利玛原甲藻的生长没有显著影响.温度和光照强度及温度和盐度之间的交互作用对利玛原甲藻的比增长率也有显著影响(P＜0.05).根据实验结果,这株利玛原甲藻生长的最适条件为:温度18℃,盐度28,光照强度7 500 lx.     

How well do sediment indicators record past climate? An evaluation using annually laminated sediments

The reliability of paleoclimatic inferences from lake-sediment records rests on the understanding of how various sediment indicators respond to environmental changes. Despite the recent proliferation of paleoclimatic records, only a limited number of studies have rigorously evaluated potential indicators by comparing lake-sediment records with instrumental weather data. We analyzed annually laminated sediments of the past 100 years from a lake in north-central Minnesota for a suite of variables commonly used for climatic reconstructions. Results were compared with time series of climatic or climate-derived variables, as well as with indices of climate modes thought to influence the regional climate of the midwestern United States. The oxygen-isotopic composition of calcite (δ¹⁸O_c) shows trends similar to those of effective moisture (as measured by precipitation [P] minus actual evapotranspiration [AET], P-AET, and the Palmer Drought Severity Index [PDSI]), with high δ¹⁸O_c values generally corresponding to low P-AET and low PDSI. δ¹⁸O_c also exhibits striking correspondence with the index of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) but it lags behind PDO by 3 years. Elevated δ¹⁸O_c values during the warm PDO phase probably reflect warm and dry climatic conditions in the midwestern US, especially during winter months. The carbon-isotopic composition of calcite (δ¹³C_c) shows some similarity with δ¹⁸O_c but also displays stratigraphic patterns resembling those of lake-productivity indicators, including biogenic silica, inverse of inorganic carbon, ratio of organic carbon to nitrogen, and to a lesser extent, organic carbon. δ¹³C_c is correlated with mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and the index of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), probably because elevated MAAT stimulates the rate of algal carbon uptake, lengthens growing season, and/or enhances CO₂ degassing. Varves are typically thicker during periods of lower δ¹⁸O_c and higher P-AET (or PDSI) values, because wet climatic conditions probably increase nutrient availability and lake productivity. Gray-scale intensity does not co-vary with any of the above climatic variables or climate-mode indices. These results demonstrate the utility of lake-sediment analyses for reconstructing temperature, drought, and large-scale climatic modes at Steel Lake. However, application to down-core reconstructions may be compromised by a number of factors, including the site specificity and non-stationarity of such relationships.     

植硅体与稳定同位素分析揭示的新疆汉代驻军多样的农作物利用策略

两汉时期西域戍边遗址驻军的农作物利用策略及生业模式研究对于深入了解中原王朝的屯垦政策以及西域汉代驻军的环境适应策略具有重要意义。目前,已有的西域屯垦戍边研究主要关注于军事屯田的起源、分布及影响等,而对两汉时期戍边遗址驻军的生业状况尤其是农作物组成及利用策略尚缺乏系统研究。本文通过对新疆（古代称为西域）石城子遗址土壤样品的植硅体分析与动物骨骼样品的稳定碳氮同位素研究,揭示了新疆汉代驻军多样的农作物利用策略及生业组成。研究发现黍（Panicum miliaceum）和青稞（Hordeum vulgare L.）应该是石城子遗址驻军主要的粮食作物,而房址地面土样中较高的C₄植硅体含量可能表明驻军对植物资源,也许是谷物进行的脱壳处理。草拌泥土壤样品中发现的黍类稃壳遗存,则很好地揭示了农作物副产品在房址墙体建设中的重要作用。此外,羊（Ovis sp./Capra sp.）、牛（Bos sp.）等动物骨骼样品的稳定同位素分析更为我们展示了农作物栽培与家畜饲养之间的可能联系,具体表现为驻军可能利用黍类以及青稞作物秸秆对部分羊、牛等家养食草动物进行饲喂。而以黍与青稞为主的农业,以羊牛为主的畜牧业以及狩猎活动一道构成了石城子遗址驻军多样的生业组成。

     

胶南市七宝山铅矿电法测量适宜性探讨

胶南七宝山铅矿位于胶南造山带北缘,是在该造山带上首次发现的铅工业矿床。矿体呈脉状赋存于构造裂隙中,为含银铅萤石石英脉,伴生萤石、银,部分地段伴生铜。大功率激电测深和可控源音频大地电磁测深在该区试验有一定效果,对寻找地下盲矿体、推断矿体倾向延深有一定帮助,有效地指导了钻探工程的部署,在相应的异常部位找到了深部矿体,电法勘探显示了一定的找矿效果。     

Separating freshwater flux effects on ENSO in a hybrid coupled model of the tropical Pacific

Climate Dynamics - Freshwater flux (FWF) at the sea surface, defined as precipitation minus evaporation, is a major atmospheric forcing to the ocean that affects sea surface salinity (SSS) and...     

影响山西省降水的物理因子分析

本文采用滑动相关普查及多信度统计检验方法,利用近30多年来山西30个代表站点5月至10月总降水量与前期北半球500hPa月平均高度场(5°×10°格点),北太平洋月平均海温场(5°×5°格点)以及74个环流特征量作逐点、逐年、逐月滑动相关普查分析,找出了显著影响山西省降水稳定可靠的关键区因子,并对这些物理因子作了分析。     

使用反应器培养钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina plarensis)过程中细菌群落的组成变化

使用气升式光生物反应器培养钝顶螺旋藻25天,发现随螺旋藻生物量的增长,细菌生物量有一定的增长趋势.应用PCR-DGGE技术分析螺旋藻培养过程中细菌种类组成,发现在不同时期细菌群落组成变化明显.通过DGGE图谱中18条特征条带的克隆、测序及系统进化分析,发现其中有8条序列与а变形菌纲序列相似,3条与拟杆菌纲序列相似,2条...