多维地震作用下大跨空间结构的减震控制分析

考虑到多维地震输入对网架结构的不利影响,基于形状记忆合金超弹性,研制出一种兼具自复位、高耗能及放大功能于一体的形状记忆合金复合黏滞阻尼器(Hybrid Shape Memory Alloy Viscous Dampers,简称HSMAVD),并通过试验研究该阻尼器在循环荷载作用下的力学性能;然后以平面四角锥网架模型为基础,将该阻尼器替换部分网架结构杆件,并分析该阻尼器减震控制效果。结果表明形状记忆合金与黏滞阻尼器复合后具有良好的协同工作能力,可有效发挥形状记忆合金的超弹性和黏滞阻尼器的速度相关特性,使其具有稳定的滞回性能和良好的耗能能力;采用阻尼杆件替换原杆件的方法既能对结构进行有效的减震控制,又不改变原有的结构形式,是一种优越的减震控制方法,并为HSMAVD被动控制系统在结构抗震中的实际应用提供新思路。     

Estimation of carbon stock for greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower reservoirs

The identification and accurate quantification of sources or sinks of greenhouse gas (GHG) have become a key challenge for scientists and policymakers working on climate change. The creation of a hydropower reservoir, while damming a river for power generation, converts the terrestrial ecosystems into aquatic and subsequently aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of flooded terrestrial soil organic matter resulting in the emission of significant quantity of GHG to the atmosphere. Tropical/subtropical hydropower reservoirs are more significant sources of GHG compared to boreal or temperate one. This paper aims to estimate the emission factor (gCO₂eq./kWh) and net GHG emission from Koteshwar hydropower reservoir in Uttarakhand, India. Further, estimated GHG are compared with those from global reservoirs located in the same eco-region so that its impact could be timely minimized/mitigated. Results have shown that emission factor and net GHG emission of Koteshwar reservoir are, respectively, estimated as 13.87 gCO₂eq./kWh and 167.70 Gg C year^?1 which are less than other global reservoirs located in the same eco-region. This information could be helpful for the hydropower industries to construct reservoirs in tropical eco-regions.     

Acoustic reflection well logging modeling using the frequency-domain finite-element method with a hybrid PML

In this paper, we propose a hybrid PML (H-PML) combining the normal absorption factor of convolutional PML (C-PML) with tangential absorption factor of Mutiaxial PML (M-PML). The H-PML boundary conditions can better suppress the numerical instability in some extreme models. and the computational speed of finite-element method and the dynamic range are greatly increased using this HPML. We use the finiteelement method with a hybrid PML to model the acoustic reflection of the interface when wireline and well logging while drilling (LWD), in a formation with a reflector outside the borehole. The simulation results suggests that the PS- and SP- reflected waves arrive at the same time when the inclination between the well and the outer interface is zero, and the difference in arrival times increases with increasing dip angle. When there are fractures outside the well, the reflection signal is clearer in the subsequent reflection waves and may be used to identify the fractured zone. The difference between the dominant wavelength and the model scale shows that LWD reflection logging data are of higher resolution and quality than wireline acoustic reflection logging.     

营口地震台分量钻孔应变(YRY、RZB)数据对比分析

营口地震台是全国钻孔应变观测台站中极少数同时拥有两台套分量钻孔应变同时运行的台站,两台仪器同时运行已4年多,观测资料基本完整。我们要以台站使用的预处理系统为基础,依据现有的观测资料进行对比观测分析,通过中国地震台网前兆管理系统和预处理系统对观测数据进行处理、分析和提取,并使用MAPSIS对观测数据进行进一步分析数据的自检和异常特性,查找一致性和区别,利用数学方法识别和提取,总结两种仪器的观测特征和异常信号区别,分析两套仪器的观测差异,从而提高观测质量和钻孔应变在地震监测中的重要作用。     

基于Bagging集成学习算法的地震事件性质识别分类

地震台网在监测地震的同时记录到的非天然震动事件会对后续的科研和预报工作造成较大的影响,因此快速准确的对天然震动事件与非天然震动事件加以区分就显得尤为重要.本文针对传统人工方法识别地震事件性质的不足之处,采用Bagging机器学习算法对地震事件性质进行区分.首先选取震中距范围在80～200km内的地震数据,之后采用AIC算法自动识别P波到时,进而用处理后的数据训练模型,最后使用测试数据对模型进行评估,准确率可达85%以上.因此,本文提出的方法可以有效地对天然震动事件与非天然震动事件加以区分.     

Gakkel洋中脊基底隆起的非对称地壳结构

超慢速扩张的北冰洋Gakkel洋中脊具有六个沿扩张方向的线性基底隆起(本文编号为A—F).这些线性基底隆起在中轴两侧的地球物理场和地壳结构呈现不同程度的非对称性.本文利用Gakkel洋中脊的地形、空间重力异常(FAA)和航空磁力数据,计算了它的扩张速率、剩余地幔布格重力异常(RMBA)、地壳厚度和非均衡地形.根据中轴两侧地形和地壳厚度的对称关系,我们将六个基底隆起分为对称型和非对称型两种类型.整体上,B、D和F区基底隆起在中轴两侧的地形和地壳厚度的非对称幅值(两侧差值的绝对值)较小,其中地形的非对称幅值分别为～157m、～125m、～208m,地壳厚度的非对称幅值分别为～1km、～0.06km、～0.3km;而A、C和E区的非对称幅值较大,其中地形的非对称幅值分别为～510m、～410m、～673m,地壳厚度的非对称幅值分别为～2km、～2.5km、～1.1km.我们因此推断B、D和F区具有相对对称的地壳结构,而A、C和E区具有非对称的地壳结构.根据A、C和E区中轴两侧非均衡地形的对称关系和非对称地形的补偿状态,推测A区的非对称性可能是由岩浆分配不均所导致;而C区和E区的非对称性可能是由构造断层作用使断层下盘向上抬升变薄所导致.我们进一步推测洋中脊走向的改变可能使得构造作用更易集中于基底隆起的一侧.     

信息管理技术在海洋工程地基可靠度分析中的应用

进行地基可靠度的研究必须以大量的数据、资料为基础和前提,而且这些数据和资料将在实践中不断的积累和扩充。为了能有效地管理和分析建设中积累的大量数据,并实现动态的管理,文章开发研制了信息管理系统用于海洋工程地基的可靠度分析中。阐述了将现代化信息管理技术应用于象岩土工程这样的传统行业的切入点、实现方式、方法和步骤,并用实例说明信息管理系统在海洋工程地基可靠度分析中的应用。     

均匀设计在紫球藻培养基优化中的应用

将均匀设计的方法应用于紫球藻 ( Porphyridium cruentum) 培养基的优化。在单因素实验的基础上,采用 U12(12 ×6) 均匀设计表对影响紫球藻生长显著的 4 种主要营养因素进行了优化,获得了以海水 3为 基 础 的 优 化 培 养 基 配 方 : NaHCO3: 2.755 g/L , NaNO3: 3.224 g/L , KH2PO : 0.035 g/L , VB12: 42.772 μg/L,VB1: 0.9 mg/L,Fe-EDTA: 0.11 mg/L,有效地提高了紫球藻的生物量产量和生长速率。     

The Luzon Strait transport variations during 1997～2000

Based on the output data from 1997 to 2000 obtained by the MITgcm's (general circulation model) adjoint assimilation method, volume, heat and salt transports through the Luzon Strait are calculated. The results indicate that there are obvious different characteristics between 1997 and 1998～2000 on the transports through the Luzon Strait. During 1997, theLuzon Strait had a mean net westward transport of 3.93×10⁶ m³/s with a maximum transport of 7.34×10⁶ m³/s in October. During 1998～2000, the Luzon Strait possessed an annual mean eastward transport of 0.93×10⁶, 1.80×10⁶ and 1.00×10⁶ m³/s respectively with a maximum eastward transport of 4.10×10⁶/3.31×10⁶ m³/s in July 1998/1999 and 2.06×10⁶ m³/s in April 2000, respectively. Moreover, the transports in 1997 indicated a difference from the other years, i.e.,that the ranges of westward inflows expanded more obviously to north of the Luzon Strait and downwards exceedingthose of the other years. The westward inflows expanded horizontally to the north part of the Luzon Strait until 21°N.     

Field survey and analysis of hillslopes on tower karst in Guilin,southern China

Limestone dissolution in tropical and subtropical humid southern China created residual hills with steep slopes, a landform that is referred to as tower karst. Two types of tower karst landform feature, fenglin or peak forest (isolated towers) and fengcong or peak cluster (linked‐base towers), were identified in Guilin. Previous studies proposed two hypotheses regarding their origin and evolution. One is the sequential evolution model from peak cluster to peak forest. The other is a parallel development model, which postulates that both peak cluster and peak forest have developed simultaneously. Through detailed field survey and analysis of slope forms on tower karst in Guilin, it was found that the mean slope angle of the towers is very high (62·4°) and ranges from 60° to 75°. There is no significant difference in mean slope angle and slope angle distribution between towers in the peak cluster basin and peak forest floodplain areas. Mean slope angle increases with intensified fluvial dissection. Three levels of caves in the towers of the peak forest in Guilin were identified in previous research. The isolated towers of the peak forest as well as scattered residuals of peak cluster are generally distributed in the centre of the Guilin syncline. Favourable circumstances of allogenic water concentration indicate that development of the peak forest resulted from the combined effects of subcutaneous and subterranean dissolution as well as subsequent collapse and recession by fluvial erosion after uplifting. By contrast, peak clusters generally occur on the limbs of the syncline or at the periphery of the Guilin basin with relatively higher elevations. The thick vadose zone and predominantly vertical flow suggests that peak clusters are mainly formed by the combination of intensive uplifting and the enhancement of original dolines. The evidence of slope survey and slope analysis suggests that both isolated towers and linked‐base towers developed simultaneously but by different mechanisms of formation and different combinations of development processes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.