中国地区三种地表反照率产品比较

利用2007—2011年MODIS、GlobAlbedo和ERA-Interim的3种地表反照率产品,借助地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)空间化技术,对中国地区3种地表反照率产品进行了对比分析。结果表明：3种产品与气象站观测值的时间分布趋势一致,冬季高夏季低,且相关性较高。3种产品中,MODIS与GlobAlbedo的绝对差异值最小,ERA-Interim与MODIS、GlobAlbedo的绝对差异值较大。3种产品在青藏高原和西北山地区域表现出较大的差异,且差异表现为冬半年高,夏半年低。3种产品之间相关性最高的是MODIS与GlobAlbedo,最低的是MODIS与ERA-Interim, 3种产品在40°N以北具有较好的相关性。且在夏季和冬季地表反照率均值的表现说明,ERA-Interim相比MODIS、GlobAlbedo难以反映地表反照率受地形和土地覆被的影响。     

Influence of Near Real-Time Green Vegetation Fraction Data on Numerical Weather Prediction by WRF over North China

The green vegetation fraction(GVF) can greatly influence the partitioning of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes in numerical weather prediction(NWP) models. However, the multiyear averaged monthly GVF climatology—the most commonly used representation of the vegetation state in models—cannot capture the real-time vegetation state well. In this study, a near real-time(NRT) GVF dataset generated from an 8-day composite of the normalized difference vegetation index is compared with the 10-yr averaged monthly GVF provided by the WRF model. The annual variability of the GVF over North China is examined in detail. Many differences between the two GVF datasets are found over dryland, grassland, and cropland/grassland mosaic areas. Two experiments using different GVF datasets are performed to assess the impacts of GVF on forecasts of screen-level temperature and humidity. The results show that using NRT GVF can lead to a widespread reduction of 2-m temperature forecast errors from April to October.Evaluation against in-situ observations shows that the positive impact on 2-m temperature forecasts in the morning is more distinct than that in the afternoon. Our study demonstrates that NRT GVF can provide a more realistic representation of the vegetation state, which in turn helps to improve short-range forecasts in arid and semiarid regions of North China. Moreover, our study shows that the negative effect of using NRT GVF is closely related to the initial soil moisture.     

Evaluation of Global Gridded Precipitation and Temperature Datasets against Gauged Observations over the Upper Tekeze River Basin,Ethiopia

The availability of satellite and reanalysis climate datasets and their applicability have been greatly promoted in hydro-climatic studies. However, such climatic products are still subject to considerable uncertainties and an evaluation of the products is necessary for applications in specific regions. This study aims to evaluate the reliability of nine gridded precipitation and temperature datasets against ground-based observations in the upper Tekeze River basin(UTB) of Ethiopia from 1982 to 2016. Precipitation, maximum temperature(T_(max)), minimum temperature(T_(min)), and mean temperature(T_(mean)) were evaluated at daily and monthly timescales. The results show that the best estimates of precipitation are from the Eart H2 Observe, WFDEI, and ERA-Interim reanalysis data Merged and Bias-corrected for the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project(EWEMBI), and the Climate Hazards Group Infra Red Precipitation with Station data(CHIRPS) datasets. The percentage biases and correlation coefficients(CCs) are within ±15% and 0.5, respectively, for both EWEMBI and CHIRPS at the two timescales. All products underestimate the drought conditions indicated by the standardized precipitation index(SPI), while the EWEMBI and CHIRPS datasets show higher agreement with the observations than other datasets. The Tmean estimates produced by the ECMWF ReAnalysis version 5(ERA5) and the Climate Hazards Group Infra Red Temperature with Station data(CHIRTS) are the closest to the observations, with CCs of 0.65 and 0.55, respectively, at the daily timescale. The CHIRTS and EWEMBI datasets show better representations of Tmax(T_(min)), with CCs of 0.69(0.72) and 0.62(0.68), respectively,at the monthly timescale. The temperature extremes are better captured by the ERA5(T_(mean)), CHIRTS(T_(max)), and EWEMBI(T_(min)) datasets. The findings of this study provide useful information to select the most appropriate dataset for hydrometeorological studies in the UTB and could help to improve the regional representation of global datasets.     

太湖表层沉积物多环芳烃的空间分布、来源及其风险

随着太湖流域社会与经济的发展,多环芳烃(PAHs)在各种环境介质中逐渐累积,污染日益严重,可能对太湖生态环境及周边人体健康构成威胁。为探究太湖沉积物PAHs的来源及生态风险,于2021年12月在太湖采集30个表层沉积物样品,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测样品中16种PAHs含量;利用受体模型和苯并[a]芘(BaP)毒性当量法进行来源解析及生态风险评估,并将各来源贡献与毒性当量浓度相结合,量化源风险。结果表明,太湖表层沉积物中16种PAHs总含量介于124~592 ng/g之间,平均值为294 ng/g,中值为279 ng/g;高环多环芳烃(HMW PAHs)为主要组分,占∑PAHs的67%。高含量区域位于竺山湾、梅梁湾、贡湖湾和西太湖,与国内外其他湖泊沉积物相比,太湖沉积物PAHs含量处于较低水平。源解析的结果表明,太湖表层沉积物中PAHs交通排放源贡献率为29.1%、煤炭燃烧源贡献率为26.7%、生物质燃烧源贡献率为28.7%、石油源贡献率为15.6%。生态风险评价结果表明,交通排放源、生物质燃烧源、煤炭燃烧源和石油源的BaP毒性当量含量(TEQ_BaP)均值分别为19.34、17.81、16.33和9.1 ng/g,均小于70 ng/g,几乎处于无风险水平。西太湖、贡湖湾和梅梁湾的部分区域ΣTEQ_BaP大于70 ng/g属于潜在风险区,具有一定潜在毒性。在后续的污染治理中应重点关注太湖西北部地区污染物的排放。本研究可为沉积物中PAHs污染的研究提供数据支撑,为地方政府精准、高效地管控PAHs污染提供理论依据。     

作业调度软件LoadLeveler在气象模式中的应用

西北区域气象中心高性能计算集群使用LoadLeveler调度管理作业,为实现资源利用率和吞吐量的最大化,本文探讨了作业调度管理的作用和方法.通过配置文件关键字定义队列、设置调度算法和调度器调节参数,将作业的处理需求与可用资源进行匹配,依据实际需求定义集群和各种资源的可用性规则,防止作业之间的相互干扰.结合LoadLev...     

晋城煤层气藏成藏机制

通过晋城煤层气的规模开发、压裂煤层气井的解剖、井下煤层瓦斯抽放、构造地应力场研究、煤储层大裂隙系统“CT”式解剖与煤层气封闭保存条件研究, 发现3#煤储层内部存在大量煤层气包, 构造微破裂作用促使煤层气包之间广泛合并联通, 煤层气包内部储层的非均质性弱化, 渗透率增加, 煤层气包内部的游离气体比例增加, 流体压力系统边界逐渐清晰并形成煤层气藏. 揭示煤层气藏的成藏机制, 认识煤层气藏的内部细节特征, 促进了该区的煤层气开发技术进步, 提高了井下煤层瓦斯的抽放效率.      

基于集群理论的产业规划模式探析

传统产业规划在信息网络时代正受到诸多挑战,地方化、信息化正成为地区产业发展的重要驱动力量,在此思路上,本文试图构建一种新型的产业规划模式——集群理论下的产业规划模式。文章首先分析了传统产业规划的概念、基础理论及其存在问题,在此基础上引入了集群理论并梳理了其理论要点,同时借鉴国外集群创导理论和一些具体规划范式构建了基于集群理论的产业规划的一般模式,并对该模式实施的误区及其与传统产业规划的区别联系进行了分析,最后提出了模式实施的相关保障措施。     

Detection of a high-confidence quasi-periodic oscillation in radio light curve of the high redshift FSRQ PKS J0805–0111

In this work,we have searched for quasi-periodic oscillations(QPOs)in the 15 GHz light curve of the FSRQ PKS J0805-0111 monitored by the Owens Valley Radio Observatory(OVRO)40 m telescope during the period from 2008 January 9 to 2019 May 9,using the weighted wavelet Z-transform(WWZ)and the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram(LSP)techniques.This is the first time to search for a periodic radio signal in the FSRQ PKS J0805-0111 by these two methods.Both methods consistently reveal a repeating signal with a periodicity of 3.38±0.8 yr(>99.7%confidence level).In order to determine the significance of the periods,the false alarm probability method was applied,and a large number of Monte Carlo simulations were performed.As possible explanations,we discuss a number of scenarios including the thermal instability of thin disks scenario,the spiral jet scenario and the binary supermassive black hole scenario.We expect that the binary black hole scenario,where the QPO is caused by the precession of binary black holes,is the most likely explanation.FSRQ PKS J0805-0111 thus could be a good binary black hole candidate.In the binary black hole scenario,the distance between the primary black hole and the secondary black hole is about 1.71×10¹⁶ cm.     

基于新生代活动构造背景的地震重点危险区域综合研究——以安徽为例

基于地震的发生与断裂的活动性密切相关,为了科学合理并尽可能准确地判定未来地震重点危险区域,以安徽为例,利用由深浅部对比、宏微观构造解析所给出的新生代构造活动性最新研究成果,结合地震活动性资料研究结果,对一些重点部位的地震危险性进行了综合研究。结果表明,根据长时间尺度的地质构造最新研究揭示的活动性较强区域,与根据近代地震活动性资料研究反映的危险性较大区域,呈现较好的一致性特征,从而为未来地震重点危险区域的判定提供了新的较为可靠的依据和方法。     

山东省地震台网中心网站建设

主要介绍了山东省地震中心网站的页面栏目设计和页面具体内容,介绍了网站的具体功能,以及网站制作的技术与方法,通过访问该网站可以了解到山东省地震台网中心的各种信息,并且能够查询到山东省2002年以来大于2.0级的地震.