地热井暂堵型水泥基透水材料的试验研究

地热开采过程中,考虑到水源补给,地热井一般布置在破碎带或构造带上,在钻井过程中利用水泥进行堵漏,但在钻井完毕后为提高产能必须进行解堵。而常规水泥在对地层封堵后需要恢复储层渗透性时,只能通过采取酸化解堵措施,且解堵恢复能力差。如果利用地热开发过程中的温度变化制得可降解暂堵水泥体系,简化地热资源的勘探开发过程,有利于降低钻井成本和风险。本文利用G级油井水泥、砂石、增强剂和水溶性纤维制备温敏型暂堵高透水水泥基材料。通过测试材料的抗压强度、孔隙度、密度、凝结时间,以评价其降解效果及基本性能。结果显示,水溶性纤维的加入使水泥抗压强度明显降低,而增强剂可以稍微改善这一缺陷,90 ℃水浴养护后孔隙度明显高于对照组,并且随着时间的推移,孔隙度不断提升,为水泥基暂堵透水材料成功研制奠定了基础,增强剂和纤维都会减少水泥的凝结时间,纤维降低凝结时间的效果更为明显。该材料的研制将简化地热资源的勘探开发过程,有利于降低钻井成本和风险。     

基于动态图的软件水印算法

软件水印可以证明软件的版权所有者。研究基于已有的CT动态图软件水印算法,通过研究现有的编码方案的优缺点,提出一种新的基于PPCT(Planted Plane Cubic Tree)、排序图和中国剩余定理的编码算法DGSW。实验分析表明,使用DGSW编码方案的CT软件水印算法在抗攻击能力方面有所提高,同时具有较为出色的数据嵌入率。     

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2015年尼泊尔Mw7.9地震震前断层闭锁与同震位移特征分析

对尼泊尔震前的GPS水平速度场进行融合处理,获得跨喜马拉雅中东段沿N15°E方向的GPS水平速度场剖面。采用弹性半空间矩形位错模拟反演,结果表明,尼泊尔地震前喜马拉雅主前缘断裂带存在浅部闭锁,深部无震蠕滑,闭锁深度为22.5km,蠕滑段滑动速率为19.0mm/a,断层倾角为10°。GPS观测的同震形变场揭示了尼泊尔地震引起的地壳形变特征,最大同震位移位于尼泊尔境内的KKN4,该站向南移动1.89m;地震还在我国藏南地区造成最大0.54m的永久形变。距离震中400km以外GPS观测到的同震形变微弱,在误差范围之内。依据GPS同震水平位移在N15°E方向的位移剖面,采用矩形位错模型简单模拟了尼泊尔地震的同震破裂。结果显示,GPS同震位移剖面可以用喜马拉雅冲断带前缘主断裂(MFT)以北的基底低角度逆断层引起的弹性位错模拟,浅部的主前缘逆冲断裂、主边界逆冲断裂和主中央逆冲断裂等分支并没有破裂。     

世界大洋中绝热运动导致的纬向翻转环流和纬向热输送

Zonal overturning circulation(ZOC) and its associated zonal heat flux(ZHF) are important components of the oceanic circulation and climate system, although these conceptions have not received adequate attentions.Heaving induced by inter-annual and decadal wind stress perturbations can give rise to anomalous ZOC and ZHF.Based on a simple reduced gravity model, the anomalous ZOC and ZHF induced by idealized heaving modes in the world oceans are studied. For example, in a Pacific-like model basin intensified equatorial easterly on decadal time scales can lead to a negative ZOC with a non-negligible magnitude(–0.3×106 m3/s) and a considerable westward ZHF with an amplitude of –11.2 TW. Thus, anomalous ZOC and ZHF may consist of a major part of climate signals on decadal time scales and thus play an important role in the oceanic circulation and climate change.     

RBF神经网络在雷达定量估测降水中的应用研究

利用重庆气象局CINRAD/SA气象雷达降水回波资料和相应地区的地面雨量站资料,基于径向基函数神经网络,建立雷达定量估测降水模型,将其用于地面降水估测。作为比较,同时以变分法得到的Z-R关系式估测所得降水。经二者对比试验结果表明:建立的雷达定量估测降水模型的估测精度和稳定性要明显优于Z-R关系式,能较好地反映降雨的真实情况。     

Underwater Terrain Positioning Method Based on Least Squares Estimation for AUV

To achieve accurate positioning of autonomous underwater vehicles, an appropriate underwater terrain database storage format for underwater terrain-matching positioning is established using multi-beam data as underwater terrain-matching data. An underwater terrain interpolation error compensation method based on fractional Brownian motion is proposed for defects of normal terrain interpolation, and an underwater terrain-matching positioning method based on least squares estimation (LSE) is proposed for correlation analysis of topographic features. The Fisher method is introduced as a secondary criterion for pseudo localization appearing in a topographic features flat area, effectively reducing the impact of pseudo positioning points on matching accuracy and improving the positioning accuracy of terrain flat areas. Simulation experiments based on electronic chart and multi-beam sea trial data show that drift errors of an inertial navigation system can be corrected effectively using the proposed method. The positioning accuracy and practicality are high, satisfying the requirement of underwater accurate positioning.     

压缩感知窄带自旋目标雷达成像

对于高速自旋目标而言,为了获得聚焦效果良好的图像,通常要求雷达系统具有较高的脉冲重复频率(PRF)。当PRF不满足采样要求时,雷达接收到的通常是方位欠采样的回波数据,从而影响目标识别。本文根据压缩感知理论,结合自旋目标回波信号稀疏性的特点,建立方位欠采样的成像模型,并提出了基于压缩采样匹配追踪的窄带雷达高速自旋目标成像算法。该算法在对信号进行重构迭代中,采用回退策略,并结合回波信号稀疏性的具体参数,选取最优的支撑集,提高了算法的重构质量。仿真实验表明新算法在回波欠采样的情况下能很好地重构图像,尤其是在低信噪比的情况下。采用"误选数"和"均方误差"两个指标对CoSaMP算法重建信号的性能进行评价,结果表明该算法受雷达PRF和信噪比SNR的影响较小,算法稳定性好。     

基于概率密度演化的基础隔震结构随机响应分析

针对抗震结构和基础隔震结构,应用概率密度演化方法对其进行多遇地震作用下的线性随机响应分析。通过引入工程地震动物理随机函数模型,采用数论选点法对多维外荷载随机变量进行离散代表点的生成并求得其赋得概率,利用离散代表点合成地震动加速度时程样本作为输入结构的随机激励,对于每条地震波,相当于对结构进行确定性动力反应分析。在求得结构响应及其相关导数后,应用TVD差分格式求解广义概率密度演化方程即可得到所求响应的时变概率密度及其演化。结果表明：基础隔震结构在随机地震作用下相比抗震结构具有良好的减震性能,隔震层的设置能够减小结构位移响应的标准差,减少了结构响应的离散型;概率密度演化方法不仅能够给出结构响应的二阶统计矩,还能全面地反映结构响应的时变概率信息,位移响应的概率密度函数分布不服从正态分布或其他常用分布,且随着时间演化。