Thin Domain Walls in Lyra Geometry

This paper studies thin domain walls within the frame work of Lyra Geometry. We have considered two models. First one is the thin domain wall with negligible pressures perpendicular and transverse direction to the wall and secondly, we take a particular type of thin domain wall where the pressure in the perpendicular direction is negligible but transverse pressures are existed. It is shown that the thin domain walls have no particle horizon and the gravitational force due to them is attractive.     

Auto-correlation analysis of ocean surface wind vectors

The nature of the inherent temporal variability of surface winds is analyzed by comparison of winds obtained through different measurement methods. In this work, an auto-correlation analysis of a time series data of surface winds measuredin situ by a deep water buoy in the Indian Ocean has been carried out. Hourly time series data available for 240 hours in the month of May, 1999 were subjected to an auto-correlation analysis. The analysis indicates an exponential fall of the autocorrelation in the first few hours with a decorrelation time scale of about 6 hours. For a meaningful comparison between satellite derived products andin situ data, satellite data acquired at different time intervals should be used with appropriate ‘weights’, rather than treating the data as concurrent in time. This paper presents a scheme for temporal weighting using the auto-correlation analysis. These temporal ‘weights’ can potentially improve the root mean square (rms) deviation between satellite andin situ measurements. A case study using the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and Indian Ocean buoy wind speed data resulted in an improvement of about 10%.     

Equivalent Continuum Simulations of Geocell Reinforced Sand Beds Supporting Strip Footings

This paper presents an equivalent continuum method for simulating the behaviour of geocell reinforced sand foundation beds, using finite element technique. An equivalent composite model is used for numerically simulating the improvement in the strength and stiffness of sand confined with geocells. Shear strength of geocell encased sand is derived from the additional confining pressure due to geocell using hoop tension theory. The stiffness of geocell encased sand is represented by an empirical equation in terms of the stiffness of the unreinforced sand and the tensile modulus of the geocell material. Numerical simulations of strip footings resting on sand bed are carried out with and without geocell layer, varying parameters like, the dimensions of geocell layer, pocket size, depth of placement of geocell layer and the tensile modulus of the geocell material. The results of numerical analyses are validated with the corresponding experimental results. The comparison between the numerical results and the experimental results is found to be reasonably good. Some significant observations on the mechanism of geocell reinforcement have been presented in this paper.     

Spatio-temporal variability of lightning climatology and its association with thunderstorm indices over India

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Lightning is an electrical discharge — a ‘spark’ or ‘flash’ as charged regions in the atmosphere instantly balance themselves...     

Birkhoff’S Theorem In The Einstein–Cartan–Kalb–Ramond Theory Of Gravity

It is shown that an analog of Birkhoff’s theorem of general relativity exists in the Einstein–Cartan–Kalb–Ramond (ECKR) theory of gravity when Kalb–Ramond (KR) field strength, which occurs in the theory is independent of time.     

Evolution of the Archean-Palaeoproterozoic Bundelkhand Massif, central India—evidence from granitoid geochemistry

The Bundelkhand massif of Archean-Palaeoproterozoic age is primarily a granite-gneiss complex. Three distinct granitoid suites have been identified within the massif hornblende granitoids, biotite granitoids and leucogranitoids, in order of decreasing age. These granitoids were emplaced in previously deformed basement consisting of gneisses, banded iron formations and other metasediments, mafic to felsic volcanics.
The granitoids exhibit a large compositional range from quartz diorite to syenogranite and show a calc-alkaline trend. They are metaluminous to peraluminous and have I-type characteristics. The SiO₂ content ranges from 49 to 77 wt%. Low K₂O/Na₂O characterizes the granitoids. The oldest hornblende granitoids have low Rb and Yb contents compared to the younger biotite granitoids and leucogranitoids. Rb/Sr values for most of the granitoids are low (< 1). K/Rb ratios range from 95 to 373 which is, in general, comparable with other calc-alkaline suites. Y/Nb ratios of the granitoids are > 1.2 which is a characteristic feature of magmas derived from sources chemically similar to island arc or continental margin basalts.
The features mentioned above coupled with concentrations of Rb, Y, Nb, Yb, Ta and Th indicate a volcanic-arc tectonic setting for the granitoids. It is proposed that the massif represents subduction-related magmatism of an ocean in the southern part of the massif (an Andean plate margin).     

Role of panchayat (Local self-government) in managing disaster in terms of reconstruction,crop protection,livestock management and health and sanitation measures

The Panchayati Raj Institution is a statutory body elected by the local people through a well defined democratic process with specific responsibilities and duties. It is the most appropriate institution from village to the district level. The role of Panchayats (local self governing institutions) is important in view of their proximity to the local community, universal coverage and enlisting people’s participation on an institutionalized basis. Panchayat and municipalities are local governing institutions in countries like India, have a constitutional mandate under the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments Act. Apart from the proper implementation of different ongoing developmental programmes, the panchayat system has to play pivotal roles in respect of natural as well as man-made disaster management. In India, Particularly in West Bengal the village level Disaster Management Committee is headed by ward members of gram panchayat. The Panchayati Raj Institutions provide adequate space to the weaker section of the communities at its three levels, i.e. village, block and district. Good governance can be an instrumental feature in poverty reduction. This study was undertaken in cyclone affected areas in West Bengal to assess the role of panchayat in disaster management. The empirical study revealed that main role performed by the panchayat in respect of disaster was reconstruction of damaged houses, crop protection measures, livestock management, health and sanitation measures. Besides these broad aspects, the panchayats officials also organized health camp, involved in rescue operation, arranging temporary shelters and so on as disaster management operation. Total 60 gram panchayat officials and 150 villagers were selected randomly as respondents for the present investigation. The data were analysed into mean score, rank position and spearman correlation coefficient to achieve the objectives. The findings of the study indicated that significant differences were observed on the opinion of the villagers and officials on reconstruction of houses and health and sanitation measures. The roles performed by the local self-government in disaster management were very poor. There was absolutely lack of involvement of people’s representative. Therefore, adequate supports are suggested on these aspects from the representatives in association with higher authorities.     

Battered minipile response to low-frequency cyclic lateral loading in very dense sand

Acta Geotechnica - This experimental study investigates the response of vertical and battered minipiles to two-way symmetrical low-frequency (0.1&nbsp;Hz) cyclic lateral loading. Laboratory...     

Rain height in relation to 0°C isotherm height for satellite communication over the Indian Subcontinent

Summary ¶The 0°C isotherm height, a parameter needed for the estimation of attenuation of microwave and millimetre wave for earth-space communication, has been estimated for different stations spread over India. The variations of 0°C isotherm height for different seasons over these stations are presented. Attenuations of radio wave due to rain at frequencies 10GHz and above have also been estimated for few stations using the 0°C isotherm height so derived. The results are useful for radio systems designers.