一次寒潮强风天气过程分析

１９９５年１１月７日出现的寒潮强风天气过程是由于冷空气不断堆积产生强的气压梯度风,地面迅速加压产生强变压风,冷高压脊前高空动量下传产生强的动量下传风所谓三风合一的所造成。影响范围之广,持续时间之长均为历史上所罕见。     

秦岭岩群东段马山口岩体年代学及岩石地球化学：对北秦岭新元古代早期构造演化的指示

河南西峡地区马山口岩体出露于北秦岭构造带秦岭岩群东段，岩石类型为片麻状花岗闪长岩。LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年结果表明，该岩体形成时代为929±7 Ma，是新元古代早期花岗质岩浆活动的产物。岩石的SiO2和Al2O3含量分别为65. 52%〖JP2〗~66. 91%和14. 63%~15. 41%，Na2O和K2O含量较高，分别为2. 82%~3. 08%和2. 14%~3. 10%，Na2O/K2O比值主体＞1，富TFe2O3（5. 99%~7. 03%），高CaO (2. 78%~3. 72%）和MgO (1. 35%~1. 87%），Mg#值介于34. 4~38. 3之间，A/CNK值为1. 07~1. 14，属于过铝质钙碱性—高钾钙碱性岩石，显示I型花岗岩特征。岩石的Nb/Ta、Rb/Y和Nb/Y比值反映壳源岩石特征，低Sr (102×10-6~175×10-6），高Yb (2. 13×10-6~3. 67×10-6）和Y (27. 0×10-6~38. 6×10-6），〖JP〗可能是下地壳（变）基性岩石部分熔融的产物。岩石稀土总量中等（∑REE=180×10-6~229×10-6），相对富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th等，亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta和Ti，具有火山弧花岗岩地球化学特征，形成于新元古代早期洋壳俯冲背景下的陆缘弧环境。     

石笋微层气候学的几个重要问题

气候动力和土壤过程的年季旋回造成石笋碳酸盐沉积不连续界面(如有机质)或矿物(如文石与方解石)、结构(如舒松层和致密层)交替转换从而形成了石笋微生长层,石笋微层不但为古气候时间序列提供了高分辨率的时间标尺,而且其本身的厚度变化在一定条件下也记录了气候变化,成为高分辨率的气候代用指标。石笋微层气候学就是在研究石笋微层与气候变化关系的基础上,采用石笋微层定年、利用石笋微层厚度变化定量重建气候历史的科学方法。现在国内外已经公布了数个石笋层厚时间序列,但序列的构成差距很大,而且有的序列已经受到质疑,因此有必要建立一个获取和提供数据的科学规范,以增加石笋微层重建气候工作的可信度,这是石笋微层气候学方法得以顺利发展首先要解决的问题。而在何种条件下气候能够成为影响石笋微层层厚变化的主导因素,可能是石笋微层气候学需要解决的基本问题。此外,文章还讨论了微层界面形成及碳酸盐沉积的时间、层厚曲线平底、层内虚假的灰度、伪年层和年层缺失、平行样品交叉定年的困难原因等石笋微层气候学必须回答的问题。     

利用无人机激光雷达估算红树林地上生物量

红树林作为热带地区碳储量最高的植被类型之一,面积呈现破碎化、减少趋势,地上生物量（AGB）的空间分布及其动态信息对于温室气体通量、碳储量的估算以及政策制定和实施至关重要。但是常用于AGB估算的光学数据或者SAR数据均存在信号饱和现象,且传统估算红树林生物量的算法对数据要求高、估算精度相对较低。针对该问题,本研究使用无人机激光雷达（UAV-LiDAR）数据对比了4种梯度增强决策树算法对于估算入侵红树林物种无瓣海桑AGB的精度,同时探讨了建模过程中的变量重要性。结果表明：（1）XGBR对于评估红树林AGB具有较高的拟合能力,达到R² = 0.833 8,RMSE = 1.55 Mg/hm²;（2）研究区的无瓣海桑预测AGB的值为73.10～190.00 Mg/hm²,平均值为109.10 Mg/hm²;（3）描述冠层高度特征的激光雷达指标是估计红树林AGB的重要变量。本研究证明了UAV-LiDAR数据与XGBR模型对于估算红树林AGB的可行性,以期为红树林生态系统的蓝碳研究提供数据支撑。     

Solar Impulsive Hard X-Ray Emission and Two-Stage Electron Acceleration

Heating and acceleration of electrons in solar impulsive hard X-ray (HXR) flares are studied according to the two-stage acceleration model developed by Zhang for solar 3He-rich events. It is shown that electrostatic H-cyclotron waves can be excited at a parallel phase velocity less than about the electron thermal velocity and thus can significantly heat the electrons (up to 40 MK) through Landau resonance. The preheated electrons with velocities above a threshold are further accelerated to high energies in the flare-acceleration process. The flare-produced electron spectrum is obtained and shown to be thermal at low energies and power law at high energies. In the non-thermal energy range, the spectrum can be double power law if the spectral power index is energy dependent or related. The electron energy spectrum obtained by this study agrees quantitatively with the result derived from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) HXR observations in the flare of 2002 July 23. The total flux and energy flux of electrons accelerated in the solar flare also agree with the measurements.     

Meridional Wind Stress Anomalies over Tropical Pacific and the Onset of El Nino. Part Ⅰ: Data Analysis

对热带太平洋海表经向风应力异常与EI Nino事件之间的关系进行了诊断分析。结果表明，超前的经向风应力距平场与NINO3区(150°-90°W，5°S-5°N)的海面温度异常(SSTA)有显著的超前相关，这种相关性在超前6个月甚至更早一些就有显示。利用奇异值分解方法分析超前的经向风应力距平场与太平洋海表温度异常场之间的耦合模，结果表明对应于赤道中东太平洋的海面温度异常升高，大气风应力场在超前6个月甚至更早的时候，在赤道中东太平洋表现为辐合的经向异常风应力场，即赤道以北为北风异常应力，赤道以南为南风异常应力。这种耦合模的时间系数与NINO3 SSTA指数所表示的El Nino事件有很好的对应关系，表明这种耦合模反映的正是超前的经向风应力异常与El Nino事件所对应的海表温度异常之间的相关模态。通过与热带西太平洋纬向风应力异常的比较，赤道中东太平洋辐合的经向风应力异常与El Nino事件发生的同样具有重要的联系。     

Aeolian processes on sandy desertification of an alpine meadow: A wind tunnel experiment

In recent years,the desertification of alpine meadows has become a serious ecological problem and has gradually become a threat to regional economic activities in Maqu County.To reveal the mechanism for sandy desertification of alpine meadows,we conducted wind tunnel experiments on aeolian processes over sandy alpine meadows.Results show that the sandflux profile of mix-sized sediment decays exponentially with increasing height.However,the profile pattern of a group of uniform-sized particles depends on the experimental wind speeds.The profile pattern of all the groups studied can be expressed by exponential decay functions when the wind speed is less than or equal to 16 m/s.while that for all the groups studied can be expressed by a Gaussian distribution function when the wind speed is above 16 m/s.The average saltation heights of mixed sands at wind speeds of 12 m/s,16 m/s,20 m/s,and 24 m/s were 2.74,4.19,5.28,and 6.12 cm,respectively.The mean grain size basically first decreases and then increases with increasing height under different wind speeds.The sorting improves with increasing wind speed,while the kurtosis and skewness show relationships with only the characteristics of the parent soil.     

江西大湖塘北区石门寺矿段钨矿成矿条件与找矿预测

在大湖塘北区钨矿找矿勘查过程中,在总结分析20世纪80年代初针对石英大脉型黑钨矿的普查资料基础上,通过地表填图和老窿编录,发现前人认为的混合黑云母花岗岩与混合白云母花岗岩之间为截然清楚的侵入接触关系,二者之间稳定地分布着一层似伟晶岩壳;由空间关系和区域成矿规律推断似斑状黑云母花岗岩为燕山期侵入于晋宁期黑云母花岗闪长岩之中的成矿母岩。晋宁期黑云母花岗闪长岩为成矿有利围岩,在云英岩化等蚀变过程中释放出形成白钨矿的钙离子。燕山期似斑状黑云母花岗岩岩株与晋宁期黑云母花岗闪长岩岩基之间的侵入接触界面是最主要的成矿构造与成矿结构面,控制了主矿体的位置、形态与产状。在研究区内首次于新元古代花岗闪长岩中发现厚大的白钨矿工业矿体,并根据不同岩块混杂、被长英质充填物胶结等特征识别出热液隐爆角砾岩型矿体。基于对矿区成矿地质条件和矿床地质特征的新认识,修改了针对石英大脉型黑钨矿所做的详查设计,抓住细脉浸染型白钨矿这一主要矿床类型,及时调整了找矿目标和勘查手段,在短时间内实现了赣北地区钨多金属找矿的重大突破。通过与石门寺矿段成矿地质条件类比,预测毗邻的苗尾矿段与太平洞矿区找矿潜力大。     

2006年4月11—12日寒潮天气成因

利用天气图和数值预报产品，对2006年4月11—12日河南省寒潮天气过程的环流形势、单站气象要素变化及成因等进行了分析，结果表明：500hPa横槽转竖是寒潮天气产生的重要影响系统；850hPa冷平流是强降温的主要原因。     

The refined physical properties of the transiting exoplanetary system WASP‐41

We present the first follow‐up study of the transiting system WASP‐41 after its discovery in 2011. The main goal of this paper is to refine the physical parameters of the system and search for possible signs of transit timing variations. The observations used for analysis were taken from the public archive of the Exoplanet Transit Database (ETD). Assuming three different limb darkening laws, we found the best‐fitting model and redetermined parameters of the system. Although system parameters obtained in this study were found to be in good agreement with the discovery study, the planetary radius determined here is notably smaller, namely 1.12^+0.06 _–0.07 R_Jup. The Safronov number Θ = 0.071 ± 0.002 and equilibrium temperature T_eq = 1271 ± 50 K were also determined. Both values indicate that the planet WASP‐41b belongs to Class I of transiting planets. No significant transit timing variations were detected. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)