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Advances in environmental behaviors and effects of dissolved organic matter in aquatic ecosystems

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a group of compounds that have complex chemical structures and multiple interactions with their surrounding materials. More than one trillion tons of DOM are stocked in the world’s aquatic ecosystems. DOM is a very important part of aquatic ecosystem productivity and plays a crucial role in global carbon cycling. DOM has rich environmental behaviors and effects such as influencing the bioavailability of contaminants, serving as an important inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protecting aquatic organisms from the harm of dangerous ultraviolet radiation. There have been many systematic studies on the composition, structure, and sources of DOM because such studies are much easier to conduct than studies on the environmental behaviors and effects of DOM. Due to many factors, the research systems of DOM’s environmental behaviors and effects are still being developed and have become a hotspot of environmental science. This review paper focuses on some critical progress, problems, and trends of DOM’s environmental behaviors and effects in aquatic ecosystems, including mutual exchange mechanisms between DOM and particulate organic matter (POM) with influencing factors, photochemical behaviors of DOM especially inducing ROS, binding interactions between DOM and anthropogenic organic contaminants (AOC), interactions between DOM and microorganisms, effects of DOM on pollutants’ bioavailability, ecotoxicity, and ecological risks. Hopefully, this paper will contribute to a more systematic understanding of the DOM environmental behaviors and effects and to promoting further relevant studies.     

贵州省毕节地区煤矸石特征及综合利用分析

研究分析了毕节地区部分矿区煤矸石的特征,指出该区煤矸石总的特点是SiO2、Fe2O3、CaO含量偏高,Al2O3偏低,但不同矿区有一定的差异。根据煤矸石的成分特征,指出了毕节地区煤矸石的利用方向,如制作水泥、新型墙体材料、空心砌块、陶粒（轻骨料、多孔骨料）、铸石,回收铝产品,生产肥料,利用矸石发电及用作筑路材料等。对其在综合利用方面存在的问题进行了分析,认为毕节地区煤矸石的综合利用具有广阔前景。     

Modified multispectral space for color representation

IntroductionIn color reproduction and communication, met-amer exists inherently when the conventionalcondition matching used. Therefore , the colordifference introduced makes the accuracy of colorrepresentation be lowered.In order to eli minatemetamer CIE developed the scheme so-calledspectra matching in Publication 15 .2 and speci-fied that using band-pass filters with 5 nminter-val to sample and then reconstruct the originalcolor signal ,thus the color difference will disap-pear[1].Spectra…     

Wide-band multi-spectral space for color representation

This paper develops a wide-band multi-spectral space for color representation with Aitken PCA algorithm. This novel mathematical space using the broad-band spectra matching method aims at improving the accuracy of color representation as well as reducing costs for processing and storing multi-spectral images. The results show that the space can present our experimental original spectral spaces (i. e. Munsell color matt and DIN-6164 color chips) with high efficiency, and that the spanning space with three eigenvectors can present the original space at more than 98% CSCR, and when 5 eigenvectors are used it can cover almost the whole original spaces.     

Major human Hepatitis A virus genotype in Hong Kong marine waters and detection by real-time PCR

Marine waters from seven sites around Hong Kong with varying levels of sewage pollution were analyzed for Hepatitis A virus (HAV) by PCR cloning and DNA sequencing of the highly variable VP1/2A junction of the HAV genome. Phylogenetic analysis of 10 PCR clones from each of the HAV-positive marine sites indicated that human HAV genotype IB is the most widely distributed type in Hong Kong waters. A sensitive and quantitative TaqMan-based PCR method targeting the 5′-noncoding region (5′-NCR) of HAV was used to quantify HAV particles in marine water samples along with the total Escherichiacoli counts being enumerated on TBX medium for comparison. Our results showed that no correlation of any significance between HAV and E. coli counts was observed which underscores the inadequacy in using E. coli as a sanitary standard to predict the levels of HAV in marine waters.     

Cosmogenic nuclide burial ages and provenance of Late Cenozoic deposits in the Sichuan Basin: Implications for Early Quaternary glaciations in east Tibet

Collision between the Indian and the Eurasian plates since the early Cenozoic produces one of the world’s most remarkable continental escarpments between the Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent Sichuan Basin. Yet Tertiary sediments are rare in the Sichuan Basin; the oldest preserved Late Cenozoic deposits called Dayi conglomerates directly overlie the Cretaceous or Jurassic red beds. Using cosmogenic ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al burial dating, we obtain deposition ages of ～2.0 Ma and catchment erosion rates of ～400 mm/ka for the Dayi conglomerates. Zircon U–Pb age distributions suggest derivation of these conglomerates from the Songpan-Ganzi flysch, the Pengguan complex and Late Permian and Triassic granite plutons in the headwater regions of the Min Jiang (Jiang, a Chinese term, means river). The formation of the poorly-sorted, sub-angular to sub-rounded and tens-centimeter-sized deposits in the western margin of the Sichuan Basin, after long distance transportation, is best explained by glacial activity ～2.0 Ma ago in east Tibet.     

地下结构对工程场地地震动场的影响

本文以日本神户市地铁大开站为工程背景,应用大型通用有限元ANSYS软件,分别建立了自然条件下的工程场地土层和建有地下车站结构的土层的二维有限元分析模型。计算了基岩一致地震动输入模式下2个土层模型的动力反应。通过将2个土层模型的动力反应进行比较分析,讨论了地下结构对工程场地地震动场的影响。分析结果表明,日本神户地铁大开站的存在对其邻近区域土层的地震反应有影响,但影响有限。     

2005年河南省秋季持续阴雨天气成因分析

利用NcEP/NcAR 2.5°×2.5°日平均再分析资料和1°×1°资料及常规气象观测资料,分析了河南省2005年9月14日-10月3日长达18天(18日、22日间歇)的连阴雨天气成因.结果表明:200 hPa出现并且维持的高空急流,异常强大的南亚高压,偏西偏北的副热带高压,以及边界层的偏东风,是造成此次连阴雨天气的...