固沙植被区土壤质地与土壤微生物数量的关系

土壤微生物是荒漠生态系统的重要组分,参与成土过程与生物地球化学循环,其数量反映土壤质量,是判别退化生态系统恢复程度的重要指标。选取沙坡头固沙植被区土壤中的真菌、细菌、放线菌数量进行研究,分析了其时空分布、恢复特征及影响因子。结果表明：土壤微生物数量随固沙年限增加而增加,随土层深度增加而减少,夏秋季显著大于冬春季。三大类群微生物数量恢复曲线均呈现S型,在固沙植被建立18~24 a后恢复速率达到峰值,24~36 a后数量能够达到天然植被区的31.6%~83.7%。土壤微生物数量恢复过程主要受土壤细物质含量的影响,土壤pH是限制因子。土壤微生物对土壤状况与覆被变化敏感,能较早且敏感地指示生态系统功能的变化。     

Variation and relationship between soil moisture and environmental factors in the source region of the Yangtze River from 2005 to 2016

This study analyzed soil moisture, soil erosion, and vegetation in the source region of the Yangtze River from 2005 to 2016. We found that soil moisture showed an increasing trend from 2005 to 2009 but decreased from 2009 to 2016. The surface soil moisture was severely affected by seasonal changes in the source region of the Yangtze River, especially in the soil from 0 to 40 cm. However, seasonal variation of soil moisture deeper than 40 cm was different from that in the upper layer. Soil moisture below 40 cm wasn't affected by the seasonal variation. Soil moisture from 0 to 50 cm and the average thickness of wind deposition showed a positive correlation in the study area from 2005 to 2016. For environmental protection in the source region of the Yangtze River, wind deposition played a role in water retention. Similarly, a positive correlation also existed between the average thickness of wind erosion and soil moisture. Deep-soil moisture was the key factor for vegetation structure on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results are also helpful for further understanding the variation of soil moisture on the Tibetan Plateau and providing a scientific basis for effectively protecting and controlling the ecological environment in the future.     

The Gas to Dust Ratio in Three Star Forming Regionstwo

Gas to Dust Ratio (GDR) indicates the mass ratio of interstellar gas to dust. It is widely adopted that the GDR in our Galaxy is 100～150. We choose three typical star forming regions to study the GDR: the Orion molecular cloud — a massive star forming region, the Taurus molecular cloud — a low-mass star forming region, and the Polaris molecular cloud — a region with no or very few star formation activities. The mass of gas only takes account of the neutral gas, i.e. only the atomic and molecular hydrogen, because the amount of ionized gas is very small in a molecular cloud. The column density of atomic hydrogen is taken from the high-resolution and high-sensitivity all-sky survey EBHIS (Effelsberg-Bonn HI Survey). The CO J = 1 →0 line is used to trace the molecular hydrogen, since the spectral lines of molecular hydrogen which can be detected are rare. The intensity of CO J = 1 →0 line is taken from the Planck all-sky survey. The mass of dust is traced by the interstellar extinction based on the 2MASS (Two Micron All Sky Survey) photometric database in the direction of anti-Galactic center. Adopting a constant conversion coefficient from the integrated intensity of the CO line to the column density of molecular hydrogen, X_CO = 2.0 × 10²⁰ cm^?2 · (K · km/s)^?1, the gas to dust ratio N(H)/A_V is calculated, which is 25, 38, and 55 (in units of 10²⁰ cm^?2 · mag^?1) for the Orion, Taurus, and Polaris molecular clouds, respectively. These values are significantly higher than the previously obtained average value of the Galaxy. Adopting the WD01 interstellar dust model (when the V-band selective extinction ratio is R_V = 3.1), the derived GDRs are 160, 243, and 354 for the Orion, Taurus, and Polaris molecular clouds, respectively, which are apparently higher than 100～150, the commonly accepted GDR of the diffuse interstellar medium. The high N(H)/A_V values in the star forming regions may be explained by the growth of dust in the molecular clouds because of either the particle collision or accretion, which can lead to the reduction of extinction efficiency per unit mass in the V band, rather than the increase of the GDR itself.     

柴达木盆地盐湖卤水及其沉积物硼同位素地球化学研究进展

综述了柴达木盆地盐湖卤水及其沉积物的硼同位素研究成果,并从pH值、离子浓度、物源补给等几方面对盐湖卤水及其沉积物的硼同位素组成进行了探讨。强烈的蒸发作用可以导致盐湖卤水的pH值降低,从而使δ¹¹B值相应地升高;卤水中的B可能会随碳酸盐的析出而进入到固相中,因此Ca²⁺浓度和Ca/Cl比值较高的湖泊,其卤水的δ¹¹B值一般都比较高;盐湖卤水及其补给水源的δ¹¹B值与B/Cl比值具有中等程度的负相关关系,这种特性也可以用来指示河水中硼的来源;当易风化的硅酸盐矿物经剥蚀迁移并最终在湖泊中沉积时,盐湖沉积物的δ¹¹B值会因这些低δ¹¹B值的物源加入而变低;此外,强烈的化学风化会使湖泊中沉积较多的细粒粘土矿物,由于粘土矿物的吸附作用也会使得盐湖沉积物中的δ¹¹B值偏低。关于柴达木盆地盐湖硼同位素的研究,不仅可以为盐湖的形成、演化及成盐成矿规律的研究提供可靠依据,而且可以为盐湖资源评价及合理开发提供科学依据。     

东海南部海域夏秋季沿岸流特征

Current characteristics and vertical variations during summer and autumn in the southern East China Sea were investigated by measuring current profile, tide, wind, and wave data for 90 d from July 28 to October 25, 2015. Our results are:(1) The current was mainly a(clockwise) rotating flow, displaying reciprocating flow characteristics,and vertically the current directions were the same throughout the vertical profile.(2) The horizontal current speed was strongest during August(summer) with an average speed of 51.8 cm/s. The average current speeds during spring tides were highest in August and weakest in September, with speeds of 59.9 and 42.8 cm/s,respectively.(3) Considerable differences exist in average current speeds in different layers and seasons. The highest average current speeds were found in the middle–upper layers in August and in the middle–lower layers in September and October.(4) The residual current speed was highest in August, when the speed was 12.5–47.1 cm/s,whereas the vertical average current speed was 34.3 cm/s. The depth-averaged residual current speeds in September and October were only 50% of that in August, and the residual current direction gradually rotated in a counter-clockwise direction from the lower to surface layers.(5) Typhoon waves had a significant influence on the currents, and even affected the middle and lower water layers at depths of >70.0 m. Our results showed that the currents are controlled by the dynamic interplay of the Taiwan Warm Current, incursion of the Kuroshio Current onto the continental shelf, and monsoonal changes.     

高精度曲面建模的三维地形可视化研究

根据高精度曲面建模理论(HASM)中曲面单元算法的特点,提出基于视点的多分辨率LOD实时生成算法。该方法通过对规则格网的DEM数据进行划分,以单元分片为基本单位对DEM数据进行组织。根据各曲面单元与视点的相对关系,以不同间距对曲面单元进行内插,实时重建视景内的三维地形。在实时显示过程中,对硬盘中的数据进行实时读取,采用多线程技术对图像渲染操作进行处理,实现了对DEM数据的实时计算、动态显示。该方法无需对规则格网DEM数据建立空间层次组织结构,在对虚拟地形进行实时漫游过程中,存储空间占用少,不受数据规模的影响。     

临朐县土地开发整理见实效

临朐县土地总面积1834km^3,山地丘陵占全县土地总面积的87％。1999年国土资源部把临朐县设立为首批全国土地开发整理示范区之一,8年来,临朐县委县政府狠抓山区土地开发整理不放松,先后建设国家级土地开发整理项目2个,省级项目8个,市级项目20个,共开发整理土地2．33万hm^2,增加耕地0．47万hm^2,项目区农业、林果业生产能力提高1．2倍,农民人均纯收入翻了一番。     

莱芜市做好土地开发整理工作

莱芜市地处鲁中山区,地形以山区、丘陵为主,有“六山一水三分田”之说,人均耕地只有0．054hm2（0．82亩）,是全省人均耕地最少的市之一。近年来,莱芜市从人多地少的市情出发,不断强化宣传引导,完善政策措施,加大资金投入,加强项目管理,全面推进土地开发整理工作。自2000年以来,全市市级以上累计投入专项资金3．9亿元,开发整理复垦各类土地3．93万hm2,增加耕地0．98万hm2,改造中低产田1．07万hm2,在增加有效耕地面积、提高耕地质量、保障占补平衡、改善农业生产条件和生态环境、促进农村发展、农业增效、农民增收等方面取得了显著成效。     

临朐山旺古动物群简介

山旺国家自然保护区于1980年国务院批准公布,面积1．2km2,位于临朐县城东22km处,该区为玛珥湖,蕴藏古生物化石丰富,种类繁多,目前已发现10多个门类700多种,形成于新近纪中新世,距今约1800万年。     

Fine-grained Pleistocene deepwater turbidite channel system on the slope of Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

Recently, as oil exploitation has become focused on deepwater slope areas, more multi-channel high resolution 2D and 3D seismic data were acquired in the deepwater part of the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea. Based on 3D seismic data and coherence time slice, RMS and 3D visualization, a series of deepwater channels were recognized on the slope that probably developed in the late Quaternary period. These channels trend SW–NE to W–E and show bifurcations, levees, meander loops and avulsions. High Amplitude Reflections (HARs), typical for channel–levee complexes, are of only minor importance and were observed in one of the channel systems. Most of the detected channels are characterized by low-amplitude reflections, and so are different from the typical coarse-grained turbidite channels that had been discovered worldwide. The absence of well data in the study area made it difficult to determine the age and lithology of these channels. Using a neighboring drill hole and published data about such depositional systems worldwide, the lithology of these channels is likely to be dominated by mudstones with interbedded thin sandstones. These channels are formed by turbidity currents originated from the little scale mountain river of mid-Vietnam in SW direction and were probably accompanied by a relative sea level drop in the last glacial age. These channels discovered on the northern South China Sea slope are likely to be fine-grained, mud-dominant and low N:G deposits in a deepwater paleogeographic setting.