TRβ1、β-catenin及Cyclin A2在甲状腺乳头状癌的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨甲状腺激素受体β1（thyroid hormone receptor β1,TRβ1）、β-链蛋白（β-catenin）及细胞周期蛋白A2（Cyclin A2）在甲状腺乳头状癌（thyroid papillary carcinoma,TPC）组织中的表达及意义。方法 应用免疫组化（SP）法分别检测30例正常甲状腺组织、30例结节性甲状腺肿伴乳头状增生（nodular goiter with papillary hyperplasia,NGWPH）及116例TPC组织中TRβ1、β-catenin及Cyclin A2的表达,同时检测肿瘤淋巴管密度（lymphtic vessel density,LVD）,分析它们与临床病理指标的关系。结果 与正常甲状腺组织和NGWPH组织比较,TPC组织中TRβ1的表达阳性率降低,β-catenin在细胞膜表达显著减弱,而胞质表达明显增强,Cyclin A2的表达阳性率升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。相关性分析结果显示,TRβ1与β-catenin和Cyclin A2的表达呈负相关（r=-0.656和-0.525,均P<0.01）,β-catenin和Cyclin A2呈正相关（r=0.384,P<0.01）;淋巴结转移组的LVD显著高于无淋巴结转移组（P<0.05）;TRβ1低表达、β-catenin胞质异常表达及Cyclin A2过表达与TPC包膜外侵、LVD及淋巴结转移有关（P<0.05）,而与患者年龄、性别、组织类型、肿瘤直径、是否为多病灶无相关性（P>0.05）。结论 TRβ1通过使β-catenin在细胞内大量蓄积,继而诱导下游靶基因Cyclin A2表达途径参与TPC的发生和进展。     

Circadian rhythms in the growth and reproduction of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida and gametogenesis under different photoperiods

Circadian growth rhythm of the juvenile sporophyte of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida was measured with the computer-aided image analysis system in constant florescent white light under constant temperature (10 ℃). The growth rhythm persisted for 4 d in constant light with a free-running period of 25.6 h. Egg release from filamentous gametophytes pre-cultured in the light-dark regime was evaluated for six consecutive days at fixed time intervals in constant white light and 12 h light per day. Egg release rhythm persisted for 3 d in both regimes, indicating the endogenous nature. Temporal scale of egg release and gametogenesis in 18, 16, 12 and 8 h light per day were evaluated respectively using vegetatively propagated filamentous gametophytes. Egg release occurred 2 h after the onset of dark phase and peaked at midnight. Evaluation of the rates of oogonium formation, egg release or fertilization revealed no significant differences in four light-dark regimes, indicating the great plasticity of sexual reproduction. No photoperiodic effect in gametogenesis in terms of oogonium formation and egg release was found, but fertilization in short days was significantly higher than in long days. Results of this investigation further confirmed the general occurrence of circadian rhythms in intertidal seaweed species.     

日光照时数对裙带菜配子体发育的影响

于１９９２年４月在青岛前海栈桥湾采集野生的裙带菜，并在室内分离和培养雌，雄配子体克隆，利用营养生长的配子体材料研究光照时数（ＤＨ）对配子体发育的影响，结果表明，连续光照可以有效地阻配子体发育，配子体只进行营养生长（ＶＧ），形成卵囊的配子体细胞占的比例为零，雌配子体细胞呈不规则圆形，多个细胞聚集成簇状，雄配子体则长成丝状体，随着ＤＨ的减少，发育的配子体细胞数比例逐渐上升，至ＤＨ为１２时达最高，为６３     

基于卫星遥感的南海海-气CO2通量研究

海洋是地表环境中最重要的碳库,准确估算CO2在海洋与大气之间的交换对于进一步阐明其变化过程机理具有重要意义。利用南海2011—2020年的海温、风速、海平面气压等多种遥感反演数据,基于海-气分压差算法,构建了海-气CO2通量遥感估算模型,并分析其时空变化特征。结果表明：（1） 遥感估算模型在整个南海海域具有较好的通用性,对比实测区域数据,估算结果的平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别为1.04和1.37 mmol/(m2·d);对于源汇区的识别准确率达到90.63%。（2） 南海总体表现为弱碳源,CO2通量的季节变化呈现出夏秋季高、冬春季低的特征,夏季和冬季分别为全年最高和最低。空间分布特征为南北部差异大。碳汇高值区始终位于北部,且冬季为强碳汇,而碳源高值区夏季出现在中南半岛东南部,秋季则转移到南海东北部。（3） 南海三种典型区（北部陆架陆坡、中部海盆、南部陆坡）的CO2通量随时间推移均呈现降低的趋势,且北部下降速度最快。2011—2020年,南海年均向大气净释放碳1.51×107 t,但其碳释放量呈降低趋势,降低速度为2.03×106 t/a,南海总体的“碳源”强度有所减弱。研究结果可为制定碳排放及碳交易政策提供科学参考。     

Spatial and Temporal Distributions and Sources of Anthropogenic NMVOCs in the Atmosphere of China: A Review

As the key precursors of O_3, anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compounds(NMVOCs) have been studied intensively. This paper performed a meta-analysis on the spatial and temporal variations of NMVOCs, their roles in photochemical reactions, and their sources in China, based on published research. The results showed that both nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs) and oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs) in China have higher mixing ratios in the eastern developed cities compared to those in the central and western areas. Alkanes are the most abundant NMHCs species in all reported sites while formaldehyde is the most abundant among the OVOCs. OVOCs have the highest mixing ratios in summer and the lowest in winter, which is opposite to NMHCs. Among all NMVOCs, the top eight species account for 50%-70% of the total ozone formation potential(OFP) with different compositions and contributions in different areas. In devolved regions, OFP-NMHCs are the highest in winter while OFP-OVOCs are the highest in summer. Based on positive matrix factorization(PMF) analysis, vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and solvent usage in China are the main sources for NMHCs. However, the emission trend analysis showed that solvent usage and industrial emissions will exceed vehicle exhaust and become the two major sources of NMVOCs in near future. Based on the meta-analysis conducted in this work,we believe that the spatio-temporal variations and oxidation mechanisms of atmospheric OVOCs, as well as generating a higher spatial resolution of emission inventories of NMVOCs represent an area for future studies on NMVOCs in China.     

Simulation for the Spatial–Time Characteristics of High Arch Dam

As a kind of slim shell structure flexibly based on its deformable foundation, high concrete arch dam exhibits remarkable spatial–time characteristics. In this paper, the Xiaowan Hydropower Project accommodating 294.5 m high double curvature arch dam is taken as example, to which the factor of time is introduced in the whole numerical simulation procedure. The dynamic inputting of the parameters related to the structural geometry and material properties (e.g. thermal, permeability, deformation/stress) following the construction progress is realized in an intension to establish a four-dimensional (spatial–time) numerical simulation procedure. The Digitized System of Xiaowan Arch Dam (DSXAD) is further formulated by the combination of the instrumentation system, the spatial–time simulation procedure, and the engineering judgments. The DSXAD has been working well in tracing the real working status of the dam during its construction period as well as service period. A series of difficult technical issues in the construction of the Xiaowan Dam are successfully solved with the help of the DSXAD. Through this practices important theoretical insights are achieved, which founds a new landmark for the high arch dam construction in China.     

用INSAR作地面沉降监测的试验研究

介绍了合成孔径雷达干涉测量进行天津市地区地面沉降监测的试验。对于试验区域，原始资料选取的原则，剪裁出的试验区域的影像进行InSAR处理都作了简要的说明，最后将利用D－InSAR得到的天津市区的地面沉降监测结果与水准测量的监测结果进行了对比，并据此得到一些初步认识。     

浅析国外海底取样技术的现状及发展趋势--海底取样技术介绍之一

概述了海底钻探取样在海洋油气钻井和深海科学钻探中的不同特点,指出海底钻探取样是一个前沿性的复杂课题;分析了海底取样器的分类及岩石可钻性分级;针对海底柱状取样器的科研和设计方向提出了建议。     

缺陷桩荷载沉降性状的非线性有限元分析

采用有限元法对断桩,扩径,缩径等缺陷桩进行分析,得出这类桩荷载沉降性状及其摩阻力与端阻力发挥特性等方面的一般性规律,对桩的设计与施工均有一定的指导意义     

唐山矿区构造应力场特征及其对冲击地压的影响

河北唐山矿冲击地压的发生除了受开采技术条件、煤层顶底板岩石学特征等因素影响外,主要受赋存环境的影响,其中地应力条件是一个重要的影响因素。以唐山矿构造应力分布规律为背景,对不同水平构造应力条件下回采工作面煤层及其顶底板围岩的三维场进行了数值分析,系统研究了构造应力对煤层及其顶底板围岩的冲击地压的影响。结果表明,在煤矿开采过程中,高水平构造应力对采区煤层及其顶底板围岩的应力场和能量场的分布规律具有重要影响。高构造应力条件下,煤层及其顶底板围岩中的高水平应力为冲击地压的发生提供了力源条件,而在高地应力环境下所积聚的大量弹性应变能为冲击地压的发生提供了能量条件。