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排序方式: 共有74条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Schulze Stefanie S. Fischer Erica C. Hamideh Sara Mahmoud Hussam 《Natural Hazards》2020,104(1):901-925
Natural Hazards - Wildfire impacts on communities have become more pronounced in recent years as the intensity and frequency of wildfires have increased in densely populated areas of the... 相似文献
42.
Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of polished sections of a diamond from the Guaniamo region of Venezuela suggests a history of the diamond involving two periods of growth separated by a period of resorption and possibly brittle deformation. In situ electron probe analysis of multiple eclogitic garnet inclusions reveals a correlation between garnet composition and location in the stone. An early-formed garnet in the diamond core has higher Ca/(Ca+Mg) and lower Mg/(Mg+Fe) values than later garnets associated with the second period of diamond growth. This variation conforms to an extensive trend of variation in the suite of eclogitic garnets extracted from Venezuelan diamonds. The diamond is zoned in carbon isotope composition (in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry, SIMS, data). The core compositions (δ13C PDB), corresponding to the first stage of growth, average −17.7‰. The second period of growth is apparently in two sub-sets of CL zones with mean values of −13.0‰ and −7.9‰. Nitrogen contents of diamond are low (30–300 atomic ppm) and do not correlate with carbon isotope composition. Oxygen isotope ratios of the garnet inclusions are elevated substantially above those expected for “common mantle”; δ18O VSMOW of early garnet is approximately +10.5‰ and two late garnets average +8.8‰. The evolutionary trend of magnesium enrichment in garnet is unlikely to represent igneous fractionation. The stable isotope data are consistent with diamond formation in subducted meta-basic rocks that had interacted with sea water at low temperatures at or near the sea floor and contained a substantial biogenic carbon component. During or following subduction, diamonds continued to form in an evolving system that was progressively modified by interaction with mantle material. 相似文献
43.
E. V. Berezin I. B. Konovalov S. A. Gromov M. Beekmann E. -D. Schulze 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(11):750-758
Presented are the results of the model study of wildfire impact on the spatial distribution of deposition fields of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the regions of Siberia and the Russian Far East. The CHIMERE chemistry transport model was used for computing the deposition fields taking account of pyrogenic emissions specified using satellite measurements of intensity of wildfire heat radiation. Carried out is the model validation using the data of ground-based measurements of nitrate and sulfate concentrations in precipitation at the Russian EANET stations as well as the data of satellite measurements of carbon dioxide content in the troposphere and aerosol optical depth carried out by IASI and MODIS instruments, respectively. It is demonstrated that wildfires considerably influence deposition of sulfur and nitrogen compounds and redistribution of nitrogen compounds assimilated by plants within the regions under consideration. 相似文献
44.
Patrick Huntjens Louis Lebel Claudia Pahl-Wostl Jeff Camkin Roland Schulze Nicole Kranz 《Global Environmental Change》2012,22(1):67-81
This paper provides an evidence-based contribution to understanding processes of climate change adaptation in water governance systems in the Netherlands, Australia and South Africa. It builds upon the work of Ostrom on institutional design principles for local common pool resources systems. We argue that for dealing with complexities and uncertainties related to climate change impacts (e.g. increased frequency and intensity of floods or droughts) additional or adjusted institutional design propositions are necessary that facilitate learning processes. This is especially the case for dealing with complex, cross-boundary and large-scale resource systems, such as river basins and delta areas in the Netherlands and South Africa or groundwater systems in Western Australia. In this paper we provide empirical support for a set of eight refined and extended institutional design propositions for the governance of adaptation to climate change in the water sector. Together they capture structural, agency and learning dimensions of the adaptation challenge and they provide a strong initial framework to explore key institutional issues in the governance of adaptation to climate change. These institutional design propositions support a “management as learning” approach to dealing with complexity and uncertainty. They do not specify blueprints, but encourage adaptation tuned to the specific features of local geography, ecology, economies and cultures. 相似文献
45.
46.
Zircons from kimberlite: New insights from oxygen isotopes, trace elements, and Ti in zircon thermometry 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
F. Zeb Page Bin Fu John Fournelle Daniel J. Schulze Miguel A.S. Basei 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(15):3887-3903
Zircons found in mantle-sourced kimberlite provide probes into the isotopic chemistry of the asthenosphere and subcontinental lithospheric mantle. However, little is known about the conditions of formation of these zircons. A suite of 88 zircons found in kimberlites from Africa, Siberia, Brazil, and the United States have been analyzed for their Ti concentration and selected zircons were analyzed for their Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations by ion microprobe. In addition, precise and accurate laser-fluorination oxygen isotope data were obtained for zircons from Brazil (5.1 ± 0.3‰, 1SD) and the Midwest United States (5.3 ± 0.3‰), yielding mantle-like δ18O values similar to published data for Africa (5.2 ± 0.3‰) and Siberia (5.3 ± 0.2‰). Most megacrysts in this study preserve fine-scale, oscillatory zoning in CL and are generally homogenous in oxygen isotopic composition, consistent with preservation of primary compositions. A few zircons from Brazil show some evidence of chemical zoning due to recrystallization. The Ti content of mantle zircon is in general low with average compositions from each locality of 13 ± 8.4 ppm (1SD, Kaapvaal craton), 12 ± 8.7 ppm (Siberian platform), 18 ± 11 ppm (Brazil), and 4.8 ±4.3 ppm (United States). The recently calibrated Ti in zircon thermometer yields an average temperature of 744 ±62 °C (1SD) for the average of 13 ± 9 ppm Ti, with no correction for pressure, aTiO2, or aSiO2. The Ti content of zircons found within rutile nodules from the Orapa kimberlite (Kaapvaal craton) is almost indistinguishable from those with no constraint on aTiO2, suggesting that reduced aTiO2 is not responsible for lower than expected mantle temperatures. The average temperature in this study corresponds to ∼3 GPa on a 40 mW/m2 cratonic geotherm. If correct, this would suggest that zircon megacrysts from all four cratons formed in the shallow lithospheric mantle. However, there are several possibly confounding effects to this thermometer, including: a pressure correction and disequilibrium zircon growth. Zircons from rutile nodules have REE contents that span the range of mantle zircon REE and are similar to both zircon megacrysts and zircons from metasomatic assemblages. 相似文献
47.
Frauke Schulze Zeev Lewy Jochen Kuss Ahmed Gharaibeh 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(4):641-660
We studied upper Albian to Turonian shallow-marine shelf deposits (Ajlun Group) of west central Jordan along a NNE-SSW running transect. The carbonate-dominated succession includes few siliciclastic intercalations, claystones and shales, and can be subdivided into five formations. The Naur, Fuheis and Hummar Formations of upper Albian to upper Cenomanian age represent shallow subtidal to supratidal platform environments. The uppermost Cenomanian to middle Turonian Shueib Formation includes deeper water deposits of the inner/mid-shelf and locally TOC-rich black shales. Shallow-marine platform environments once again dominate the Wadi As Sir Formation (middle-upper Turonian). A new multibiostratigraphic framework is based on ammonites (mainly of the middle Cenomanian rhotomagense Zone to the middle Turonian woollgari Zone) and calcareous nannofossils (biozones CC 9–CC 11), supplemented by benthic and planktonic foraminifers and ostracods. It forms the base of a sequence stratigraphic subdivision, containing eight sedimentary sequences (S1–S8), which are separated by four Cenomanian sequence boundaries (CeJo1–CeJo4) and three Turonian sequence boundaries (TuJo1–TuJo3). This scheme allows the correlation of the platform succession from distal to proximal shelf areas in contrast to previous correlations using lithologic units. Furthermore, comparisons between the platform successions and sequence patterns of west central Jordan and those from neighbouring areas allow to differentiate local, regional, and global controlling factors of platform development within the study area. 相似文献
48.
49.
Rudolf Schulze 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1962,12(2):185-195
Zusammenfassung Es wurden Weltkarten für die Monatsmittel der Tagessummen der Globalstrahlung sowie der relativen Bestrahlung gezeichnet,
dies für wolkenlose Tage (berechnet) und für alle Tage (gemessen im Internationalen Geophysikalischen Jahr nachAshbel).
Mit 12 Textabbildungen
Herrn Dr.W. M?rikofer zu seinem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
Summary World charts showing monthly means of the daily totals of global radiation and “relative irradiation” are presented. They were drawn for clear days (values computed) and for all days, according to IGY observations (evaluated afterAshbel).
Résumé L'auteur a tracé des cartes mondiales des moyennes mensuelles des sommes journalières de la radiation globale et du rayonnement relatif tiré de celle-ci. Ces cartes furent établies pour les jours clairs (valeurs calculées) et pour tous les jours (valeurs mesurées durant l'année géophysique internationale, selonAshbel).
Mit 12 Textabbildungen
Herrn Dr.W. M?rikofer zu seinem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
50.
Zusammenfassung Bei zwei großen Sprengungen im Schwarzwald (Haslach) wurden auf einem Profil von dort bis zum Alpenrand bei Füssen sowie auf einigen Stationen der Rheintalebene seismische Registrierungen vorgenommen. Die Auswertung ergab wieder wie bei der Helgolandsprengung unter der Sedimentdecke eine ausgesprochene Dreischichtung der Erdkruste: 1. Schicht mit der Wellengeschwindigkeit V1=5,9–6,0 km/s (Granitschicht, P-Einsätze), 2. Schicht mit v2=6,55 km/s (Gabbroschicht P*-Einsätze, besonders kräftig) und 3. v3=8,2 km/s (Peridotitschicht, Pn-Einsätze). Die Tiefe der Grenzfläche V1/v2 wurde im Mittel zu 21 km, die Tiefe v2/v3 zu 31 km berechnet. Die Tiefe der ersten Grenzfläche ist größer als in Nordwestdeutschland, die Tiefe der zweiten Grenzfläche weicht nur wenig von d.er dort bestimmten ab. Wesentliche Neigungen dieser Grenzflächen konnten seismisch nicht erkannt werden. Es wurde versucht, die nach den Schweremessungen und geologischen Tatsachen notwendig zu fordernden Mächtigkeitsänderungen der Granit- und der Gabbroschicht mit diesen Daten in Einklang zu bringen. Ergebnis: Ansteigen der Gabbro- und Peridotitschicht im Rheintal bei Mannheim, Abfallen der Peridotitschicht im Bereich der oberen Donau, Ansteigen der Gabbroschicht unter dem Molassetrog des Alpenvorlandes. Diese Deutung wurde in einem Profil (Abb. 2) dargestellt. 相似文献