库姆塔格沙漠"羽毛状沙丘"形态的示量特征

通过卫星照片判读和实地观测,库姆塔格沙漠的“羽毛状沙丘”由两种风沙地貌构成：东北-西南走向的新月形“沙垄”为“羽轴”；垄间分布的波状微起伏的“大沙波”为“羽枝”,“大沙波”与沙垄的夹角为75°～103°。二者组合成类似“羽毛”的风沙地貌。新月形“沙垄”由单个新月形沙丘的前一沙丘的迎风坡与后一沙丘东翼相连构成“沙垄”。组成“沙垄”的新月形沙丘的两翼平均长37．5m,翼间距30～66m,沙丘高3～19m；在所观测区域内,沙丘沙的分选性由南向北变差。新月形“沙垄”长为3～22km,垄间距为1～3km,其问分布浅色和暗色相间的波状微地貌,暗色部分平均宽24．3m,浅色部分的平均宽11．6m。暗色部分表层沙粒的粒径有60%在1．00～0．25mm之间,以暗色矿物为主,而浅色部分表层沙粒的粒径的90%在1．00～0．25mm之间,分选性相对暗色部分较好,以石英等浅色矿物为主。暗色和浅色微地貌成对出现,相对高差约7cm。这种波状微地貌在库姆塔格沙漠中北部重复出现,类似于风沙地貌分类的沙波,暂称其为“大沙波”。     

贵州省地勘局工勘施工业（岩土钻掘工程业）“十五”期间主要成果及“十一五”规划

一、“十五”期间取得的主要成绩 “十五”期间，全局工勘施工业坚持以市场为导向，从实际出发，大胆创新，加强实践，及时调整不合时宜、束缚和阻碍生产力发展的一些制度、观念和作法，通过不断深化改革，调整队伍结构和产业结构、提升资质、改善装备水平、加强管理等措施，较好地拓宽了市场服务领域，创收能力逐年提高，其作为地勘经济骨干产业的地位和作用日益凸显。     

长白山圆池泥炭氮元素分布特征及其影响因素分析

通过对长白山圆池4个泥炭剖面样品的分析,揭示了其氮元素分布规律。在圆池选取4个具有代表性的采样点,利用泥炭采样器采取新鲜泥炭样品。分析结果表明,4个泥炭剖面氮元素含量在0.014%~3.353%之间;剖面间相比较,其中贫营养泥炭整体含氮量较低;4个泥炭剖面的氮元素分布呈现明显规律,受泥炭上层不同植物、泥炭水分和有机质含量等因素的影响,泥炭剖面中氮元素累积峰可能出现在剖面的表层(0~5cm)或中间层(10~20cm);泥炭剖面氮元素与有机质呈极显著的正相关;泥炭剖面C/N比值变化在9.51~66.98之间,部分剖面层位C/N比值异常高,表明该层位碳的累积速度显著高于氮元素。     

科尔沁沙地土地利用与耕作方式对土壤风蚀的影响

土壤风蚀造成的直接生态后果是土地资源的退化。在春播前两次沙尘暴事件中,对科尔沁沙地几种具有代表性的土地类型的土壤风蚀量及土壤特性进行了野外测定、分析,结果表明:(1)在同一沙尘暴天气下,由于土地利用和耕作方式的不同,土壤风蚀量存在着差异,新垦农地和翻耕农地的风蚀量显著高于未垦草地、免耕农地和麻黄地;免耕农地则与未垦草地的风蚀量相差不大,风蚀危害较轻;麻黄地几乎不受风蚀侵害。新垦农地、翻耕农地、免耕农地、未垦草地、麻黄地两次观测的土壤风蚀量平均值依次为24.59、15.60、2.26、1.46和0.22 g/h.cm2。(2)基于土壤特性计算的土壤退化指数结果表明,新垦农地和翻耕农地发生了较为严重的退化。     

Spectral Simulation and Conditioning to Local Continuity Trends in Geologic Modeling

Spectral simulation has gained application in building geologic models due to the advantage of better honoring the spatial continuity of petrophysical properties, such as reservoir porosity and shale volume. Distinct from sequential simulation methods, spectral simulation is a global algorithm in the sense that a global density spectrum is calculated once and the inverse Fourier transform is performed on the Fourier coefficient also only once to generate a simulation realization. The generated realizations honor the spatial continuity structure globally over the whole field instead of only within a search neighborhood, as with sequential simulation algorithms. However, the disadvantage of global spectral simulation is that it traditionally cannot account for the local information such as the local continuity trends, which are often observed in reservoirs and hence are important to be accounted for in geologic models. This disadvantage has limited wider application of spectral simulation in building geologic models. In this paper, we present ways of conditioning geologic models to the relevant local information. To account for the local continuity trends, we first scale different frequency components of the original model with local-amplitude spectrum ratios that are specific to the local trend. The sum of these scaled frequency components renders a new model that displays the desired local continuity trend. The implementation details of this new method are discussed and examples are provided to illustrate the algorithm.     

Evolution from Oceanic Subduction to Continental Collision: a Case Study from the Northern Tibetan Plateau Based on Geochemical and Geochronological Data

Two apparently distinct, sub-parallel, paleo-subduction zonescan be recognized along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:the North Qilian Suture Zone (oceanic-type) with ophioliticmélanges and high-pressure eclogites and blueschistsin the north, and the North Qaidam Belt (continental-type) inthe south, an ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane comprisingpelitic and granitic gneisses, eclogites and garnet peridotites.Eclogites from both belts have protoliths broadly similar tomid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) or oceanic island basalts (OIB)in composition with overlapping metamorphic ages (480–440Ma, with weighted mean ages of 464 ± 6 Ma for North Qilianand 457 ± 7 Ma for North Qaidam), determined by zirconU–Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe dating.Coesite-bearing zircon grains in pelitic gneisses from the NorthQaidam UHP Belt yield a peak metamorphic age of 423 ±6 Ma, 40 Myr younger than the age of eclogite formation, anda retrograde age of 403 ± 9 Ma. These data, combinedwith regional relationships, allow us to infer that these twoparallel belts may represent an evolutionary sequence from oceanicsubduction to continental collision, and continental underthrusting,to final exhumation. The Qilian–Qaidam Craton was probablya fragment of the Rodinia supercontinent with a passive marginand extended oceanic lithosphere in the north, which was subductedbeneath the North China Craton to depths >100 km at c. 423Ma and exhumed at c. 403 Ma (zircon rim ages in pelitic gneiss). KEY WORDS: HP and UHP rocks; subduction belts; zircon SHRIMP ages; Northern Tibetan Plateau     

多媒体地理信息系统的网络结构分析

数据模型是GIS的灵魂和关键,为了使开发出的GIS尽可能准确地反映地理空间,能够较好地满足GIS用户各方面的需要,而网络拓扑对网络的构成也至关重要,本文分析和总结了早期和近期GIS几种数据模型的优缺点,并在此基础上提出了整体GIS数据模型及网络设计的几种常见模式.     

国土资源科技成果管理信息化现状与展望

本文通过对国土资源部科技成果管理现状和国内外科技成果管理水平的分析,构建了国土资源科技成果管理主流程信息化发展的基本思路和框架,并对实施国土资源科技成果管理信息化提出了建设性意见。     

参量阵浅地层剖面测量技术 在近岸海洋工程的应用效果

介绍了海底浅地层声学探测技术的发展情况, 简述了新型参量阵声纳探测的原理和特点, 通过SES-96参量阵测深或浅地层剖面系统在山东半岛海区的应用实例, 对此新型参量阵声纳技术的应用效果进行了分析评价。     

高速公路桥头跳车病害的分析与治理方法探讨

根据高速公路桥头跳车病害探地雷达检测结果,结合路基实际工程地质资料及沉降观测值,分析出造成此病害的原因是桥与路之间沉降差异所致,故搭板与垫层和垫层与路基之间产生了脱空,造成桥搭板、垫层碎裂而出现了桥头跳车病害.针对病害根源,采用了压密注浆进行搭板加固及重新摊铺沥青混合料进行调坡处理的治理方法.