页岩解吸气地球化学特征及其影响因素分析——以四川盆地焦石坝地区JYA井为例

通过对焦石坝地区JYA井五峰-龙马溪组页岩岩心样品进行现场解吸，计算页岩的总含气量，同时分时段采集解吸气样品进行气组分和稳定碳同位素测定.研究结果表明：1）研究区含气量较高，成分以甲烷为主，为典型干气，含气量主要受控于矿物组成、有机碳含量和含水饱和度等；2）页岩解吸气组分随着解吸时间呈规律性变化，CH₄和C₂H₆含量逐渐升高，CO₂含量先降低后升高，N₂含量逐渐降低；3）解吸气中δ¹³C₁和δ¹³C₂会出现不同程度的分馏现象，主要受控于吸附-解吸过程；4）不同岩相页岩气解吸过程存在差异，在一阶解吸阶段，富泥硅质混合页岩样品的δ¹³C₁由重变轻，而富硅质页岩样品由轻变重，这可能由于富泥硅质混合页岩无机孔占主导，孔径较大，游离气占总含气量比例较大.     

中国东部及邻区晚前寒武纪(c.1850—600Ma)古地理的再造

<正> 各时期和各类型岩石在现代地表上的分布,是几十亿年来地球历史发展的结果。根据地层现在地理位置和地表资料而复原的古地理或古地理图,实质上是假设那些被重建的对象,从古至今在位置上未发生过变化,在形态上未受到过改造,在规模上未产生过增减,现今的空间关系即其原始的相互关系。本文认为:当进行古老时期古地理研究和编制古地理图时,宜充分考虑发生过的诸多变化,尽量设法剔除后变动造成的影响,才能近似地接近其本来面貌。     

Trade-off and Synergy Relationships of Ecosystem Services and Driving Force Analysis based on Land Cover Change in Altay Prefecture

Altay Prefecture plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in Northwest China. Studying the ecosystem service value is of great significance for promoting regional green high-quality development and maintaining ecological security. Based on Global ESA land cover data from 2000 to 2015, the trade-off and synergy relationships and driving force factors between ecosystem services in Altay Prefecture were analyzed in this study. The analysis produced four main results. (1) The ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture continued to increase from 113.521Ⅹ10⁹ yuan in 2000 to 115.777Ⅹ10⁹ yuan in 2015, for an increase of about 1.98%. (2) The distribution of ecosystem service value had obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics, with hot spot areas mainly concentrated in the "two rivers and one lake" and the mountainous areas in the northwest, while the cold spot areas were mainly the forest and grass-covered areas in the northern mountainous areas and within Jimunai County. (3) The trade-off and synergy relationship among ecosystem services was mainly synergistic, with a total of 77.78% of ecosystem service relative relationships showing a significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level. (4) Economic factors and industrial structure are important factors affecting ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture. Ecosystem service value is positively correlated with per capita GDP and the output value of the tertiary industry, but negatively correlated with the output value of the secondary industry.     

Vertical Distribution Characteristics of PM_(2.5) Observed by a Mobile Vehicle Lidar in Tianjin,China in 2016

We present mobile vehicle lidar observations in Tianjin, China during the spring, summer, and winter of 2016. Mobile observations were carried out along the city border road of Tianjin to obtain the vertical distribution characteristics of PM_(2.5). Hygroscopic growth was not considered since relative humidity was less than 60% during the observation experiments. PM_(2.5) profile was obtained with the linear regression equation between the particle extinction coefficient and PM_(2.5) mass concentration. In spring, the vertical distribution of PM_(2.5) exhibited a hierarchical structure. In addition to a layer of particles that gathered near the ground, a portion of particles floated at 0.6–2.5-km height. In summer and winter, the fine particles basically gathered below 1 km near the ground. In spring and summer, the concentration of fine particles in the south was higher than that in the north because of the influence of south wind. In winter, the distribution of fine particles was opposite to that measured during spring and summer. High concentrations of PM_(2.5) were observed in the rural areas of North Tianjin with a maximum of 350 μg m–3 on 13 December2016. It is shown that industrial and ship emissions in spring and summer and coal combustion in winter were the major sources of fine particles that polluted Tianjin. The results provide insights into the mechanisms of haze formation and the effects of meteorological conditions during haze–fog pollution episodes in the Tianjin area.     

考虑参数不确定性的地表水与地下水交换量的计算方法

在计算地表水与地下水的交换量时,常规的方法是对实际获取的渗透系数采用集中式数学模型或者分布程度较低的分布式模型,使用以代表观测井为中心的泰森多边形划分计算区域。本研究在考虑实际获取的渗透系数基础上,进一步考虑参数空间分布的不确定性,利用渗透系数服从对数正态分布的已有研究成果,使用数字仿真技术,另外考虑地表水水位、地下水水位的动态变化对渗流方向的影响,在常规方法的基础上,基于D8算法提出改进,使用分布式模型计算地表水与地下水交换量,并与常规方法的结果进行对比。结果表明常规方法计算的交换量结果偏小,两者水位动态变化对渗流方向的影响显著。     

贵州兴仁县落水洞金矿的发现及其研究意义

根据灰家堡背斜成矿规律分析研究,2006年11月在回龙镇落水洞布置ZK001钻孔,在其深部发现高品位矿体,这一发现为太平洞金矿提供了后备勘查基地,填补灰家堡背斜中部无工业矿体的空白。本文简要地论述其地质特征和研究意义。     

利用高温磷渣液直接制备微晶铸石的模拟研究

通过模拟实验研究了利用高温磷渣液直接制备微晶铸石的工艺.以磷渣重熔成的磷渣液作为主要原料,掺量为75%,另掺25%的辅助原料,经热配料、混熔、浇铸成型、晶化退火后制得微晶铸石.XRD测定铸石的主晶相为β-硅灰石;SEM观测铸石是由粒径为0.2～ 0.5 μm的晶体颗粒构成的纤维状晶体集合体;物化性能测试结果显示样品的抗折强度为37.17 MPa,耐碱性为0.02%,耐酸性为0.42%,均符合建筑材料相关质量标准.本文的实验工艺适合工业化生产,为高温磷渣液的直接资源化利用、解决磷渣环境污染等问题提供了实验依据.     

Late Mesozoic Thermotectonic Evolution of the Jueluotage Range,Eastern Xinjiang, Northwest China: Evidence from Apatite Fission Track Data

Although many authors have emphasized the Cenozoic history of deformation, exhumation and cooling in the Tiaushan area related to the India-Asia collision, very little is known about the Mesozoic history of compression and uplift within the Tianshan. In order to obtain information about the Mesozoic exhumation history and processes of cooling in eastern Tianshan, fission track methods on apatite were used. Sampling was made in the Jueluotage Range. Three samples （Z001-Z003） were taken from granite in borehole ZK6301 of Yandong pluton; the ages range from 97.0 to 87.6 Ma that are much younger than the pluton age which was dated by U-Pb zircon at 334±2 Ma. Two samples in northern piedmont of the Jueluotage Range were collected from Jurassic strata in Dikaner （DK001） and Dananhu （D001） whose ages are 91.5 and 93.4 Ma respectively. The average apparent exhumation rate is 0.039 nun/a calculated by extrapolation on the basis of Yandong samples, indicating an extremely slow exhumation in the Jueluotage Range since the Late Cretaceous. Two Jurassic samples reached the maximum depths after deposition and experienced the maximum temperatures of ca. 105 and 108℃ until the late Early Cretaceous before a period of cooling and exhumation occurred at 114 and 106 Ma.     

Fossil Association from the Lower Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation in the Yangtze Gorges Area, Hubei, South China

Apart from previously reported Small Shelly Fossils (SSFs), a macroscopic fossil assemblage, comprising abundant algae, cone-shaped tubular fossil forms, and probable impressions of a megascopic metazoan, comes from the Lower Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of western Hubei Province, south China. The visible fossils are preserved in thin-laminated siltstone or muddy siltstone intercalated between 8–15 mm-thick carbonate deposits, probably representing sedimentary settings of a constrained local depression in the shallow water carbonate platform during the Early Cambrian Meishucunian Stage. The macroscopic fossil association provides significant fossil evidence about the evolution of life from the late Precambrian to the ‘Cambrian explosion’ interval.