黔中隆起及其南北斜坡区天然气勘探前景

黔中隆起及其南北斜坡区的天然气勘探前景一直是国内部分油气地质工作者所关注的一个问题.本文通过对该隆起现有资料的综合分析,在叙述了瓮安古油藏、麻江古油藏的形成与破坏,部分代表性探井所钻遇的油气显示,川南威远气田与黔中隆起大方至黔西一带简要类比的基础上,对这一地区的天然气勘探前景进行了综合分析,提出了天然气勘探目标区的初步设想.     

贵州梅树村期多金属矿沉积地质特征

贵州早寒世武梅树村期黑色岩系黑色岩系中的Mo、Ni、V等多金属矿与沉积环境的关系密切,形成不同的多金属组合,可分为粘土岩型钼钒矿和黄铁矿型镍钼矿和粘土岩型钒矿三种组合,分布于不同的沉积相区,可能为深源物质封闭海域沉积作用的产物。     

长江漫滩区深大异形基坑施工对紧邻特大型桥梁影响及变形控制研究

随着地下空间资源的开发利用,越来越多深基坑呈现出开挖深、规模大、形状不规则等特点,其支护结构设计复杂,施工难度大,具有明显的空间效应。本文以南京地铁某基坑工程为例,分析基坑施工对邻近桥梁的影响。其场区位于长江下游漫滩相二元结构地层分布地段,上部软土层厚度大,下部承压含水层地下水位高、水量丰富,地质条件复杂,该基坑为典型的深大异形基坑,距离某大桥的双曲拱引桥仅为7. 2 m,由于之前桥梁已遭受其他地下工程施工产生的较大变形,所以后续工程对其影响变形控制要求极高。为此,该车站基坑支护结构设计基于地下空间实际功能采用设置分隔墙分区开挖及MJS超深工法墙综合变形控制方案。本文通过有限元数值模拟计算,开展复杂环境下基坑开挖引起的围护结构及桥梁桩基的变形预测分析,计算结果显示,该深大狭长异形基坑开挖对邻近桥梁沉降变形影响显著,通过设置分隔墙分区开挖及MJS工法墙进行变形控制,能够较好地控制基坑的空间效应,减少“长边效应”、“异形效应”等对桥梁沉降变形的影响。通过现场基坑开挖过程实际监测结果,验证这一综合变形控制方案的可行性。该研究成果对于类似复杂地质条件下深大狭长异形基坑的支护及施工设计具有很好的借鉴意义。     

Effect of the Initial Vortex Structure on Intensity Change During Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Tropical Cyclones: A Numerical Study

This study investigates the effect of the initial tropical cyclone (TC) vortex structure on the intensity change during the eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) of TCs based on two idealized simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results show that an initially smaller TC with weaker outer winds experienced a much more drastic intensity change during the ERC than an initially larger TC with stronger outer winds. It is found that an initially larger TC vortex with stronger outer winds favored the development of more active spiral rainbands outside the outer eyewall, which slowed down the contraction and intensification of the outer eyewall and thus prolonged the duration of the concentric eyewall and slow intensity evolution. In contrast, the initially smaller TC with weaker outer winds corresponded to higher inertial stability in the inner core and weaker inertial stability but stronger filamentation outside the outer eyewall. These led to stronger boundary layer inflow, stronger updraft and convection in the outer eyewall, and suppressed convective activity outside the outer eyewall. These resulted in the rapid weakening during the formation of the outer eyewall, followed by a rapid re-intensification of the TC during the ERC. Our study demonstrates that accurate in- itialization of the TC structure in numerical models is crucial for predicting changes in TC intensity during the ERC. Additionally, monitoring the activity of spiral rainbands outside the outer eyewall can help to improve short-term intensity forecasts for TCs experiencing ERCs.     

Characterization and Application of S-Band Polarimetric Radar and X-Band Phased Array Radar for a Tornadic Storm Event on June 16,2022

The X-band phased array radar offers faster scanning speed and higher spatial resolution compared to the S-band radar, making it capable of enhancing tornado monitoring and early warning capabilities. This study analyzed the char- acteristics and nowcasting signals of a tornado case that occurred on June 16, 2022 in the Guangzhou region. Our findings indicate that the violent contraction of rotation radius and the dramatic increase in rotation speed were important signal characteristics associated with tornado formation. The X-band phased array radar, with its high temporal and spatial resolution, provided an opportunity to capture early warning signals from polarimetric characteristics. The X-band phased array radar demonstrated noteworthy ability to identify apparent tornado vortex signature (TVS) features in a 10-minute lead time, surpassing the capabilities of the CINRAD/SA radar. Additionally, due to its higher scanning frequency, the X- band phased-array radar was capable of consistently identifying TVS with shorter intervals, enabling a more precise tracking of the tornado’s path. The application of professional radars, in this case, provides valuable insights for the monitoring of evolutions of severe local storms and even tornadoes and the issuance of early warning signals.     

气候变化背景下江苏河蟹养殖高温热害风险评估

利用江苏省及周边共85个气象站观测资料,筛选出夏季高温强度、持续时间、降水量和日照时数作为高温热害的关键气象因子,构建高温热害综合指数。在此基础上,利用高温热害发生频率和河蟹因灾死亡率加权建立风险评估模型,将河蟹高温热害风险划分为三个等级,结合地形和土壤的适宜性,最终得出江苏河蟹高温热害风险区划图。结果发现,河蟹高温热害的高风险区位于以高淳为中心的江苏西南部,沿淮和淮北东部沿海地区风险值最低,淮北西部—沿江东部的风险值介于二者之间。年代际高风险区面积有逐渐扩大趋势,1991年以来已外扩到沿江和苏南大部分地区,达到历史极值。河蟹高温热害风险增大,需加强防范。     

中国地区三种地表反照率产品比较

利用2007—2011年MODIS、GlobAlbedo和ERA-Interim的3种地表反照率产品,借助地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)空间化技术,对中国地区3种地表反照率产品进行了对比分析。结果表明：3种产品与气象站观测值的时间分布趋势一致,冬季高夏季低,且相关性较高。3种产品中,MODIS与GlobAlbedo的绝对差异值最小,ERA-Interim与MODIS、GlobAlbedo的绝对差异值较大。3种产品在青藏高原和西北山地区域表现出较大的差异,且差异表现为冬半年高,夏半年低。3种产品之间相关性最高的是MODIS与GlobAlbedo,最低的是MODIS与ERA-Interim, 3种产品在40°N以北具有较好的相关性。且在夏季和冬季地表反照率均值的表现说明,ERA-Interim相比MODIS、GlobAlbedo难以反映地表反照率受地形和土地覆被的影响。     

滇东南官房钨矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及其地质意义

官房钨矿床位于滇东南薄竹山W多金属矿集区,是近年来新发现的大型白钨矿床。矽卡岩多产于层间破碎带,呈似层状、透镜状和脉状,一般不与花岗岩体接触而形成远端矽卡岩（深部揭露有少量产于接触带）,矽卡岩矿物发育。为进一步查明矽卡岩矿物学和矿物化学特征,揭示矽卡岩形成环境,探讨矽卡岩与矿化类型之间的关系,笔者采集了KT3近端矽卡岩与KT5远端矽卡岩进行对比,通过开展系统的矿物学镜下观察,利用EMPA进行石榴子石成分分析,LA-ICP-MS对典型的矽卡岩矿物进行了单矿物分析。研究表明,官房钨矿床矽卡岩属典型钙质矽卡岩,矽卡岩矿物主要有石榴子石、辉石、符山石等,其中石榴子石为钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石系列,辉石为透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,符山石属普通符山石。由近端矽卡岩向远端矽卡岩,石榴子石主要成分由钙铝榴石向钙铁榴石转化;辉石几乎全部为透辉石向透辉石、钙铁辉石的组合转化,石榴子石与辉石的特征表明矿床的矽卡岩由还原型矽卡岩转为氧化型矽卡岩;KT5形成条件较KT3氧逸度更高,两者流体交代方式以扩散交代为主。石榴子石、辉石端员组分及Mn/Fe、Mg/Fe比值稍高的特征,综合指示其矿化类型属于铁铜锌等多金属矿化类型;符山石中较低的w（W）可作为钨矿找矿标志。     

石英脉型钨多金属矿床的扇状成矿实例及找矿模型

石英脉型钨矿床是中国数量最多的钨矿床类型,但保有储量消耗迅速,迫切需要创新找矿模型,指导找矿突破。文章结合二十余年的找矿实践,通过详细分析扇状成矿矿床实例,构建了石英脉型钨矿床新的找矿模型。该模型强调赋矿裂隙为岩浆动力成因,在花岗岩体顶部呈扇状分布型式,岩浆期后热液恰在裂隙张开时充填其中而形成扇状成矿系统;提出“就岩找矿”、“就矿找矿”、“就矿找岩”的地质、地球化学和地球物理标志,指导矿床尺度的勘查工程部署。截至目前,该模型已在广东禾尚田钨锡矿床、广西珊瑚钨锡矿床、广西社垌钨钼矿床、江西盘古山钨铋矿床等获得了验证,找矿成效显著。