五台杂岩晚太古代花岗质岩石中斜长角闪岩包体的年代学和地球化学研究

华北克拉通中部造山带被认为是由东西部陆块碰撞而产生的陆陆碰撞带,而恒山-五台-阜平地区位于中部造山带的中部,是该地区最大也是最具代表性的基底岩石剖面。总体上,五台杂岩可以分为变质表壳岩和花岗质岩体两大类,前者又被划分为五台群和滹沱群,而后者可划分为2560~2520Ma侵位的强烈变形的闪长岩-英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩系列、2176~2084Ma侵位的弱变形的斑状正长-钾质花岗岩以及约1810Ma侵位的未变形的A型花岗岩。在晚太古代花岗岩中普遍发育有斜长角闪岩包体,它们在露头上不连续分布,呈绿色到黑色,强烈拉伸成扁条状或透镜状,直径一般在几米到十几米之间。根据地球化学特征恢复它们的原岩为拉斑玄武岩。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明它们的结晶时代为2.7Ga,变质时代为1.85Ga。全岩εNd(t)值为-3.1~+3.5,亏损地幔模式年龄为2.83~3.65Ga。原始地幔均一化蛛网图解上,斜长角闪岩具有明显的Nb、Ta和Ti的负异常,而在球粒陨石均一化稀土元素配分图解中它们具有轻稀土弱富集[(La/Yb)N=1.36~3.52]以及重稀土平坦[(Gd/Yb)N=0.94~1.38]的特征。地球化学以及同位素特征表明它们很可能来自于受到俯冲板片流体改造的轻度富集地幔中尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的部分熔融。更重要地,这些斜长角闪岩包体的锆石U-Pb年龄与全岩Nd亏损地幔模式年龄相似,都为27~28亿年左右,这说明在华北克拉通中部造山带很可能存在过大量的27亿年左右的新生地壳岩石,它们代表了一期重要的地壳生长事件。     

充填开采地表沉陷影响因素正交试验

为了研究煤层倾角、采宽、采厚、充填率在充填开采中对地表沉陷的敏感性,以山东某矿的采场条件为工程背景,基于正交试验原理,利用数值模拟软件(FLAC3D)进行计算,采用极差分析法与方差分析法分析各因素的敏感性,最后利用多元回归分析法建立了各因素与地表最大下沉值的函数关系式.研究结果表明:各因素对地表沉陷的敏感性由大到小为采...     

水利经济系统运行评价指标的动力学模型

根据最优控制理论,建立了相应于工程动力系统中能量指标的水利经济系统运行效益的动力学评价模型,提出了水利经济系统的“弹性”、“质量”等模态特征量及“动能”、“势能”等系统特征量的表达形式,并应用于江苏水利经济系统的实证分析,计算结果反映了所建能量指标的合理性与可行性.     

Towards Regional Synergy: Reconciling Rangeland Ecological Functioning with Forage Production of Cultivated Pasture

Animal husbandry and crop farming are specialized for development in separate areas on the Tibetan Plateau. Such a pattern of isolation has led to current concerns of rangeland and farming system degradation due to intensive land use. The crop-livestock integration, however, has been proven to increase food and feed productivity thorough niche complementarity, and is thereby especially effective for promoting ecosystem resilience. Regional synergy has emerged as an integrated approach to reconcile rangeland livestock with forage crop production. It moves beyond the specialized sectors of animal husbandry and intensive agriculture to coordinate them through regional coupling. Therefore, crop-livestock integration (CLI) has been suggested as one of the effective solutions to forage deficit and livestock production in grazing systems. But it is imperative that CLI moves forward from the farm level to the regional scale, in order to secure regional synergism during agro-pastoral development. The national key R & D program, Technology and Demonstration of Recovery and Restoration of Degraded Alpine Ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau, aims to solve the problems of alpine grassland degradation by building up a grass-based animal husbandry technology system that includes synergizing forage production and ecological functioning, reconciling the relationship between ecology, forage production and animal husbandry, and achieving the win-win goals of curbing grassland degradation and changing the development mode of animal husbandry. It is imperative to call for regional synergy through integrating ecological functioning with ecosystem services, given the alarming threat of rangeland degradation on the Tibetan Plateau. The series of papers in this issue, together with those published previously, provide a collection of rangeland ecology and management studies in an effort to ensure the sustainable use and management of the alpine ecosystems.     

地学三维模型光照与动态显示

介绍了一种具有真实感的地学三维模型光照显示的新方法,给出了三角网构建和曲面样条函数插值方法,讨论了适应三维模型光照显示的可见性测试、光照模型等算法和方法,实现了模型动态显示和剖面绘制。     

南黄海陆架中部沉积物反射率光谱的影响因素分析

利用Minolta CM-2002光谱光度计对南黄海陆架136个短柱样品20~25cm段的沉积物进行了颜色反射率数据测量,通过化学元素、粒度、磁化率等来确定影响沉积物颜色反射率变化的成分和因素,介绍了反射率光谱的一阶导数和因子分析的方法。分析结果表明,南黄海陆架沉积物颜色反射率受控于沉积物中的铁氧化物、有机质以及粘土矿物和钙质生物碎屑含量。主因子F1指示氧化环境,并与陆源物质相关,F2指示弱氧化环境,F3指示弱还原环境,主因子的波长范围分别是405~445 nm和495~595 nm,605~695 nm,445~485 nm。     

强热带风暴“莲花”(0903)非对称降水结构分析

利用雷达回波和NCEP分析资料,本文从水汽条件、环境风垂直切变和风暴移动状态等方面诊断分析了0903号强热带风暴"莲花"非对称降水结构形成的可能机制。结果表明:"莲花"南侧充足的水汽输送为强降水的发生提供了基本的水汽条件,同时水汽通量在水平空间上的非对称分布也在一定程度上导致了降水的非对称分布。环境风垂直切变是导致"莲花"降水结构改变并最终形成一波非对称降水结构的主要动力因子。随着垂直切变的增强,同时配合风暴南侧充足的水汽条件,一波非对称降水结构逐渐形成,在较强垂直切变长时间的作用下,强降水最终集中于顺切变方向左侧。在较强垂直切变的作用下,逆切变一侧的下沉运动抑制了陆地摩擦和地形抬升所形成的对流的发展。相对于较强的垂直切变而言,"莲花"相对稳定的移速和移向条件难以主导强热带风暴降水的空间分布。     

琼东南盆地深水区构造热演化特征及其影响因素分析

To reveal the tectonic thermal evolution and influence factors on the present heat flow distribution, based on 154 heat flow data, the present heat flow distribution features of the main tectonic units are first analyzed in detail, then the tectonic thermal evolution histories of 20 profiles are reestablished crossing the main deep-water sags with a structural, thermal and sedimentary coupled numerical model. On the basis of the present geothermal features, the Qiongdongnan Basin could be divided into three regions: the northern shelf and upper slope region with a heat flow of 50–70 m W/m2, most of the central depression zone of 70–85 m W/m2, and a NE trending high heat flow zone of 85–105 m W/m2 lying in the eastern basin. Numerical modeling shows that during the syn-rift phase, the heat flow increases generally with time, and is higher in basement high area than in its adjacent sags. At the end of the syn-rift phase, the heat flow in the deepwater sags was in a range of 60–85 m W/m2, while in the basement high area, it was in a range of 75–100 m W/m2. During the post-rift phase, the heat flow decreased gradually, and tended to be more uniform in the basement highs and sags. However, an extensive magmatism, which equivalently happened at around 5 Ma, has greatly increased the heat flow values, and the relict heat still contributes about 10–25 m W/m2 to the present surface heat flow in the central depression zone and the southern uplift zone. Further analyses suggested that the present high heat flow in the deep-water Qiongdongnan Basin is a combined result of the thermal anomaly in the upper mantle, highly thinning of the lithosphere, and the recent extensive magmatism. Other secondary factors might have affected the heat flow distribution features in some local regions. These factors include basement and seafloor topography, sediment heat generation, thermal blanketing, local magmatic injecting and hydrothermal activities related to faulting and overpressure.     

季节变化对全球气候变化的响应——以湖北省为例

根据湖北省10个代表站1951(或建站)~2006年逐日平均气温,计算分析了四季初日和长度及其变化趋势,以揭示气候季节对全球气候变暖的响应。结果表明:(1)湖北省平均春、夏、秋、冬四季初日分别为3月22日、5月27日、9月27日、11月27日,四季长度分别为65.7、122.8、60.9、115.6d,且时空差异明显;(2)56a来湖北省平均入春、入夏分别提前2.8、1.6d,入秋、入冬分别推后4.0、6.1d;(3)56a来湖北省平均冬季缩短8.9d,夏季延长6.3d,秋季延长2.0d,春季无变化;荆州夏季延长21.1d,武汉冬季缩短17.0d。