基于知识的遥感影像模糊分类方法

介绍了目前遥感影像分类的常用方法,提出了一种基于知识的信息提取的遥感影像模糊分类方法。采用GIS数据辅助进行遥感影像模糊法分类,从GIS数据库中提取一定数量的样本信息或挖掘知识形成规则,进行样本的训练学习或辅助进行分类判定。提高了分类的效率和精度,是对模糊分类方法一次有效改进。     

环境同位素技术在地下水研究中的应用

简要介绍了环境同位素技术的应用原理,综述了目前国内外常用的稳定同位素与放射性同位素的具体应用。提出稳定同位素主要用于分析地下水的来源组成与循环途径等;放射性同位素主要用于地下水测年与示踪的研究。最后总结了环境同位素在我国地下水研究中应用的主要问题。     

厌氧生物法处理高浓度酸性硫酸盐废水研究

以厌氧移动床生物膜反应器处理高浓度酸性硫酸盐废水,考察了生长因子B对体系pH缓冲能力和SO4^2-去除率影响。实验证明,加入生长因子后,可使进水pH值从6.80降到3.08,出水pH稳定在6.78±0.5,此pH下SO4^2-去除率比单一葡萄糖为碳源提高5.72倍。在半连续试验确定的体系最佳运行参数下连续运行试验,SO4^2-、CODCr去除率分别从85.17%、74.05%增至95.66%和88.56%,148 d负荷试验后,进水SO4^2-浓度从500 mg/L增加至2 876 mg/L时,出水SO4^2-浓度均在238.42 mg/L以下,SO4^2-的去除率稳定在90%以上,处理SO4^2-浓度最高可达3 580 mg/L。该体系在加入生长因后,可处理高浓度的酸性硫酸盐废水。     

210Pb and 137Cs measurements in the Circum Bohai Sea coastal region: sedimentation rates and implications

The representative ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs age-depth profiles were selected from more than 100 sites in the Circum Bohai Sea (CBS) coastal region to examine the sedimentation rates and associated environmental changes. There are three unique ²¹⁰Pb_exc distribution patterns: 1) ideal-decaying type, representing relatively constant sediment supply and quieter environmental setting; 2) wiggling type, but with approximately equivalent amplitude, representing coarser sediments and associated stronger flow current environment; and 3) episodic-eventinfluencing type, each representing typhoon storm-influenced depositional environment. Our results also show that there is a lower sedimentation rate (ca. 0.1 cm/a) in the coastal lowlands, a higher sedimentation rate (ca. 0.5–3 cm/a) in the intertidal flat and an intermediate rate of ca. 0.58 cm/a in the subtidal zone near the Huanghua Harbor. The interbedded silt layer occurring in the core sediment reveals lower ²¹⁰Pb activities, indicating a discontinuous sedimentation mostly due to typhoon events which dwarfs against ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs applicability. Overall, the ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs measurements of the present study provide physical insight into the evaluation of the coastal-marine ecological environment and associated management.     

不同去趋势方法对格尔木地区胡杨宽度年表的气候意义影响分析

基于2014年采自柴达木盆地南缘格尔木地区的胡杨树轮样本,采用三种不同去趋势方法(样条函数法、负指数拟合和区域曲线去趋势方法)建立树轮标准化序列,结合格尔木气象站气候资料,分析不同去趋势方法下胡杨径向生长对气候的响应。研究表明,利用区域去趋势方法建立的树轮年表包含有较多的气候环境信息,胡杨树轮年表与逐月气候因子相关表明,树轮年表对降水响应不显著,与生长季的平均气温和平均最高气温有较好的相关性,最高相关系数达0.411(p0.01),格尔木胡杨树轮的区域去趋势年表与组合相关的6—10月平均最高气温相关性最好,生长季的平均最高气温对胡杨径向生长有一定的限制作用并具有树木生理学意义。用区域曲线去趋势方法得出的格尔木胡杨树轮年表对气候的响应最好。     

阵列式高频地波雷达矢量流长周期适用性比测试验数据分析

基于高频地波雷达长周期适用性比测试验数据,主要从以下3个方面系统分析国产阵列式高频地波雷达矢量流控测效果:(1)时间有效采样率和覆盖率的空间分布;(2)与反演的流速匹配的现场观测深度;(3)不同区域的探测精度.长周期的海流验证表明,雷达海流可以有效地反映有效探测区内表层海流及其时空变化,高精度区流速流向的均方根误差(RMS)分别为7.5～19.3cm/s和15.5°～33.7°,尤其是高精度区核心区域的RMS仅为7.5～10.1 cm/s和15.5°～28.5°.边缘区流速流向的RMS为16.1～25.8 cm/s和39.5°～40.7°,与国内外达到业务化运行要求的同类产品实际观测精度相当.     

河北省海冰灾害风险评估和区划研究

开展海冰灾害风险评估和区划,有助于指导结冰海区沿岸各级政府制定和优化海冰防灾减灾决策,以最大限度地减轻海冰灾害造成的损失。本研究选取冰厚、密集度及冰期和各类承灾体密度、规模等作为评估指标,将河北省沿海县级行政区所辖海域作为基本评估单元,利用权重分析等方法,对河北省的海冰灾害风险进行综合评估。在此基础上,结合海冰防灾减灾的实际需求对河北省的海冰灾害风险进行空间区域的等级划分,并绘制风险等级分布图。所得结果较为真实地揭示了海冰灾害风险在河北省所辖海域的分布状况,可为河北省的海冰灾害风险管理等提供依据。     

海洋来源荧光性假单胞菌高产脓菌素培养基及发酵条件优化

对4种假单胞菌产脓菌素培养基进行筛选,确定琥珀酸钠培养基为基础培养基,并考察了添加不同物质对假单胞菌脓菌素产量的影响,结果表明,向琥珀酸钠培养基中添加甘油、海盐、硝酸铵时对铁载体产量有明显的促进作用.采用正交实验法获得了高产脓菌素的最佳发酵培养基配方:4g/dm~3琥珀酸钠,6 g/dm~3K2HPO4,3 g/dm~3KH2PO4,1 g/dm~3(NH4)2SO4,1 g/dm~3NH4NO3,5 g/dm~3海盐,1.5%甘油.其脓菌素产量最高可达到265 mg/dm~3,约是基础培养基产量的7倍以上,此培养基成分简单不含复杂的有机氮源,脓菌素产量高,有利于脓菌素的进一步分离纯化与制备.同时本实验对其发酵条件进行优化研究,结果确定最佳发酵条件:培养基起始p H值为6.9,接种量1.0%,培养温度为25℃,转速为220 r/min,发酵时间为28 h.     

Screening and isolation of the algicidal compounds from marine green alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ulva intestinalis</Emphasis>

Twenty species of seaweed were collected from the coast of Zhejiang, China, extracted with ethanol, and screened for algicidal activity against red tide microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum micans. Inhibitory effects of fresh and dried tißsues of green alga Ulva intestinalis were assessed and the main algicidal compounds were isolated, purified, and identified. Five seaweed species, U. intestinalis, U. fasciata, Grateloupia romosissima, Chondria crassicaulis, and Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, were investigated for their algicidal activities. Fresh tissues of 8.0 and 16.0 mg/mL of U. intestinalis dissolved in media significantly inhibited growth of H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. Dried tissue and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of U. intestinalis at greater than 1.2 and 0.04 mg/mL, respectively, were fatal to H. akashiwo, while its water and EtOAc extracts in excess of 0.96 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively, were lethal to P. micans. Three algicidal compounds in the EtOAc extracts were identified as 15-ethoxy-(6z,9z,12z)-hexadecatrienoic acid (I), (6E,9E,12E)-(2-acetoxy-β-D-glucose)-octadecatrienoic acid ester (II) and hexadecanoic acid (III). Of these, compound II displayed the most potent algicidal activity with IC₅₀ values of 4.9 and 14.1 µg/mL for H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. Compound I showed moderate algicidal activity with IC₅₀ values of 13.4 and 24.7 µg/mL for H. akashiwo and P. micans, respectively. These findings suggested that certain macroalgae or products therefrom could be used as effective biological control agents against red tide algae.