北山戈壁荒漠地区1：5万植物地球化学测量效果

北山戈壁荒漠景观区土壤垂直剖面不存在通常的A、B、C分层结构，且掺杂有大量风成沙。在公婆泉地区开展1：5万常规地球化学测量方法研究的同时，进行了植物地球化学测量试验研究。研究表明，两种方法的主要指示元素异常有很好对应性，红沙是我国西部干旱荒漠广大地区开展植物地球化学测量的一种良好采样对象。     

Predictive instantaneous optimal control of elastic structures during earthquakes

A predictive instantaneous optimal control (PIOC) algorithm is proposed for controlling the seismic responses of elastic structures. This algorithm compensates for the time delay that happens in practical control applications by predicting the structural response over a period that equals the time delay, and by substituting the predicted response in the instantaneous optimal control (IOC) algorithm. The unique feature of this proposed PIOC algorithm is that it is simple and at the same time compensates for the time delay very effectively. Numerical examples of single degree of freedom structures are presented to compare the performance of PIOC and IOC systems for various time delay magnitudes. Results show that a time delay always causes degradation of control efficiency, but PIOC can greatly reduce this degradation compared to IOC. The effects of the structure's natural periods and the choice of control gains on the degradation induced by the time delay are also analyzed. Results show that shorter natural periods and larger control gains are both more sensitive and more serious to the degradation of control efficiency. Finally, a practical application of PIOC is performed on a six‐story moment‐resisting steel frame. It is demonstrated that PIOC contributes significantly to maintain stability in multiple degree of freedom structures, and at the same time PIOC has a satisfactory control performance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Predictive instantaneous optimal control of inelastic structures during earthquakes

A new inelastic structural control algorithm is proposed by incorporating the force analogy method (FAM) with the predictive instantaneous optimal control (PIOC) algorithm. While PIOC is very effective in compensating for the time delay for elastic structures, the FAM is highly efficient in performing the inelastic analysis. Unlike conventional inelastic analysis methods of changing stiffness, the FAM analyzes structures by varying the structural displacement field, and therefore the state transition matrix needs to be computed only once. This greatly simplifies the computation and makes inelastic analysis readily applicable to the PIOC algorithm. The proposed algorithm compensates for the time delay that happens in practical control systems by predicting the inelastic structural response over a period that equals the magnitude of the time delay. A one‐story frame with both strain‐hardening and strain‐softening inelastic characteristics is analyzed using this algorithm. Results show that the proposed control algorithm is feasibile for any inelastic structures. While the control efficiency deteriorates with the increase in magnitude of the time delay, the PIOC maintains acceptable performance within a wide range of time delay magnitudes. Finally, a computer model of a six‐story moment‐resisting steel frame is analyzed to show that PIOC has good control results for real inelastic structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

猝死与气象条件的关系

通过调查1999年1～12月上海市医疗救护中心急救的839例院外猝死病例，并与同期气象资料进行分析，发现院外猝死男性多于女性，高发年龄为60～84岁，院外猝死在年内的高峰期为冬季，在昼夜中的高峰点为早晨07时，既往有心血管病史是院外猝死的主要原因。总猝死数与相对湿度、平均气压呈正相关，与最低气温、平均气温呈负相关，心血管猝死数除与以上气象要素相关外，还与气压变化、最低气温变化、日照时数变化等呈正相关。冠心病和其他心脏病与平均风速呈负相关，高血压病与平均气压呈正相关。     

导线测角精度超限问题的探讨

利用实例阐述了一、二级导线测量严密平差后，测角中误差超限问题，根据《规范》精度指标，分析了测角中误差超限的原因；提出一、二级导线测量严密平差后，没边、测角中误差限值的建议。     

GPS长距离和多测段定位中广播星历的改进方法

本文分析了广播星历误差对ＧＰＳ长基线和多测段定位结果的影响，由此提出了旨在减弱卫星轨道误差对于相对定位精度影响的一种简便而又实用的方法，即先按卫星运动的力学模型建立状态方程，其初始状态向量由某组广播星历得出，由每组广播星历建立观测方程，由数值积分得出的参考轨道由广播星历ｔｏｅ时刻的位置和速度观测值的最小二乘平差所得的改正后的轨道，不仅可消除各组广播星历间的不一致性，而且其精度也高于任何一组广播星历     

HLAFS和T63数值预报产品在暴雨分析中的应用

首次使用ＨＬＡＦＳ数值预报产品对黑龙江省暴雨进行分析，结合Ｔ６３数值预报产品，利用两者提供的物理一０８时和２０时的实况场和预报场格点资料，对黑龙江省一次暴雨过程进行分析，找出了暴雨发生的物理机制，指出深厚的水汽条件以及水汽的辐合，强烈的上升运动和不稳定能量的存贮和释放是产生暴雨的关键因素。     

海原断裂带西段断层泥的分形研究

利用光学和电子显微镜研究了海原断裂带西段断层泥的粒径分布，５微米至１厘米的粒径段，断层泥具有自相似特征，断层面的粘滑摩擦的特征位移参数可由分维上限（约１厘米）确定。同时用分形理论分析了断层泥粒度分重量百分比的分形结构特征，探讨了粒度成分分维值与断层运动特征的关系。     

应用神经网络建立加速度峰值衰减规律

在假定了加速度峰值衰减规律的形式后，本采用人工神经网络拟合实际加速度峰值观测资料来求取方程中的待定系数。为加速神经网络的训练，本设计了基于ＢＰ学习算法的目标分段网络训练法。     

帕米尔北缘弧形推覆构造带东段的基本特征与现代地震活动

帕米尔北缘弧形推覆构造带东段由强烈活动的艾卡尔特弧形活动褶皱－逆断裂带与卡兹克阿尔特弧形活动褶皱－逆断裂带南、北两条巨型边缘弧形构造带及其间的推覆构造构成。每个弧形带分别由多个不同级别的、相对独立的次级弧形构造组成。每个弧形构造实际上就是一个独立的逆冲推覆席体，都有其各自独特的几何学、运动学、动力学特征，但同时又具有自相似性特征。独立地震破裂区或形变带与独立活动的弧形推覆构造可能具有一定的对应关系