广东省1960～2007年降雨侵蚀力变化趋势分析

降雨侵蚀力反映由降雨引起的土壤侵蚀的潜在能力.本文利用广东省25个站点48年(1960～2007)的日雨量资料计算了各站的降雨侵蚀力,并用Mann-Kendall(M-K)非参数检验和克里格空间插值法分析了降雨侵蚀力的时空变化规律.结果表明:广东省降雨侵蚀力的空间分布呈沿海向内陆逐渐递减的趋势.全省大部分地区的年降雨侵蚀力呈现不明显上升趋势,且存在较明显的年代际和年际变化.降雨侵蚀力的年内分布特征和降雨量分布类似,呈"双峰型",主要集中在4～9月的雨季.对于季节序列,冬季、春季和夏季大部分地区的降雨侵蚀力有不同程度的上升,秋季全省几乎所有地区呈下降趋势.汛期的降雨侵蚀力变化特征与年降雨侵蚀力相似.     

鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区近地表油气化探研究

通过对研究区化探指标组合关系、受影响因素的影响程度、区域地球化学变化规律与油气的关系及油气化探效果分析,建立鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区寻找天然气的有效化探方法和指标组合系列,依此进行全区背景分析和异常优选。通过剖析杭锦旗地区区域地球化学背景,突出地球化学指标在空间上的展布规律,从而揭示异常与油气间的内在联系。指出本区油气化探指标丰度及变异特征属低背景非均匀场范畴;在烃类分异特征上,本区地球化学场具有南北分区的特点:南侧烃类以微渗漏为主,北侧逐步向宏渗漏过渡,表明地球化学场与油气运移聚集关系密切,证实了本区具有较充足的气源。在化探指标的浓度分布特征上,本区存在北西西—南东东向的伊深1井及其以北区域、泊尔江海子断裂及其以南区域两个高值带,展布受乌兰格尔隆起及泊尔江海子断裂控制。从异常的分布特征,指出伊21井—伊10井—伊17井—乌兰吉林庙以南为有利勘探区带,泊尔江海子断层以南的伊金霍洛旗—合同庙—小乌兰敖包—拉不仍为研究区最有利勘探区带。     

南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究

10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration.     

鲜浒苔稀硫酸水解产糖工艺研究

分别用质量分数为0.6%、1.0%、1.4%、1.8%、2.2%的稀硫酸在121℃高温高压的条件下水解鲜浒苔30、60、90 min,浒苔水解残留物再用纤维素酶酶解,用DNS法测定上述各步骤中的还原糖产量。结果表明,浒苔总糖含量为67.2%。稀硫酸水解工艺中,硫酸质量分数为1.8%、水解90 min,浒苔还原糖转化率最高,达59.9%,每克干质量浒苔可产生447.0 mg还原糖。稀硫酸水解残留物纤维素酶酶解工艺中,浒苔还原糖转化率较低,在硫酸质量分数为0.6%、水解时间为60 min时还原糖转化率出现最大值,仅为6.5%。结果显示浒苔稀硫酸水解产还原糖效果显著,但并不能促进纤维素酶酶解。浒苔糖化可单独采用稀硫酸水解工艺,本实验条件下的最佳工艺条件为1.8%硫酸水解90 min。本研究探索了浒苔糖化工艺条件,对后续的浒苔燃料乙醇发酵研究具有一定的参考意义。     

蛇绿岩型金刚石的特征

蛇绿岩型金刚石产在蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中,不同于产在大陆克拉通的金伯利岩型金刚石,也不同于产在板块俯冲带中的超高压变质型金刚石和陨石撞击成因的金刚石。蛇绿岩型金刚石的主要特征是粒度普遍较小,多数在200~500μm之间,C同位素显示极低的δ13CVPDB值(-28‰~-18‰),金刚石中包裹体以含富Mn的矿物为特征,金刚石产在蛇绿岩大洋地幔橄榄岩中,其构造背景为板块缝合带。金伯利岩型金刚石粒度可达厘米级,是大颗粒宝石级金刚石的主要来源,其C同位素显示轻微低的δ13CVPDB值(-10‰~-5‰),包裹体矿物多为富Mg的矿物组合,金刚石产在克拉通和大陆岩石圈构造背景。超高压变质带中的金刚石颗粒十分细小,由数微米至100μm,C同位素为中等低的δ13CVPDB值(-15‰~-7‰),金刚石通常与碳酸岩和地壳成因矿物伴生,含有金刚石的超高压变质岩石形成的构造背景为板块深俯冲边界。形成于陨石撞击的金刚石产出和研究均较少,金刚石通常也是微米级,产出在陨石撞击形成的变质岩中,伴生矿物的成分与与撞击变质的原岩有关。以上四类金刚石无论野外和室内区分显著,由此,可以将蛇绿岩型金刚石归为地球上一种新的金刚石产出类型。     

IMU/DGPS辅助空三下几种布点方案的精度比较

主要介绍了在IMU/DGPS辅助空三的情况下,通过对不同的布点方案进行空三加密,对这些空三成果进行精度比较与分析,分析POS辅助空三在无地面控制点或少量的地面控制点的情况下能获得怎样的精度,能满足多大比例尺的成图要求。     

地质科技档案鉴定工作存在的问题与对策

文章指出加强地质科技档案鉴定销毁工作的紧迫性 ,对影响该项工作开展的因素与解决对策进行了论述。     

Diamond Discovered in Dangqiong Ophiolite, Western Yarlung-Zangbu Suture Zone, Tibet

<正>The first diamonds from ophiolite were found in peridotite of Luobusa ophiolite along Yarlung Zangbu suture zone in Tibet,China(IGCAGS,1981),and then more and more diamonds found in harzgurgite(Bai et al.,1993;Yang et al.,2007a;Robinson et al.,2014;Xu et al.,     

Ensemble data assimilation in a simple coupled climate model: The role of ocean-atmosphere interaction

A conceptual coupled ocean-atmosphere model was used to study coupled ensemble data assimilation schemes with a focus on the role of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the assimilation. The optimal scheme was the fully coupled data assimilation scheme that employs the coupled covariance matrix and assimilates observations in both the atmosphere and ocean. The assimilation of synoptic atmospheric variability that captures the temporal fluctuation of the weather noise was found to be critical for the estimation of not only the atmospheric, but also oceanic states. The synoptic atmosphere observation was especially important in the mid-latitude system, where oceanic variability is driven by weather noise. The assimilation of synoptic atmospheric variability in the coupled model improved the atmospheric variability in the analysis and the subsequent forecasts, reducing error in the surface forcing and, in turn, in the ocean state. Atmospheric observation was able to further improve the oceanic state estimation directly through the coupled covariance between the atmosphere and ocean states. Relative to the mid-latitude system, the tropical system was influenced more by ocean-atmosphere interaction and, thus, the assimilation of oceanic observation becomes more important for the estimation of the ocean and atmosphere.