出露于夏威夷考爱（Kauai）岛上的双层盾形火山

出露于夏威夷考爱（Ｋａｕａｉ）岛上的双层盾形火山ＲｏｂｉｎＴ．Ｈｏｌｃｏｍｂ等盾形火山简单的外形常常掩盖其复杂的内部结构,由此导致对火山发育史的许多误解。自１８４０年ＪａｍｅｓＤ．Ｄａｎａ首次对夏威夷考爱岛调查以来,该岛一直被看作是单层盾形火山岛。该...     

Vertically integrated flows, discharge potential, and the Dupuit-Forchheimer approximation

We summarize observations made by various researchers regarding the discharge potential, vertically integrated flows, and the Dupuit-Forchheimer approximation. If a regional flow model is formulated in terms of the discharge potential and the boundary conditions can be written in terms of the discharge potential and the boundary discharges, then the discharges are correct throughout the model domain, without embracing any additional simplifying assumptions.     

Matrix-bound phosphine in sediments from Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia

Matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) has been measured in sediment from two cores in Lake Illawarra on the south east coast of Australia. The sediments were also dated in the upper layers. MBP concentrations found range from 142 to 1813 ng kg⁻¹, dw (dry weight of sediment) with some values being amongst the highest ever measured. Values of MBP in deeper sediments were higher than for near surface samples, but the patterns with depth were not consistent. Strong correlations were noted between MBP and organic phosphorus (OP, r > 0.8) and with total phosphorus (TP, r > 0.7), but only moderate correlations were found with organic carbon (OC, r > 0.5). No correlations were found between MBP concentrations and the age of the sediments. It was confirmed that high MBP concentrations are indicative of a phosphorus rich environment. The results tend to support the premise that MBP is generated by microbial attack on OP under anaerobic conditions.