Characteristics of Aerosol Ionic Compositions in Summer 2003 at Lin''''an of Yangtze Delta Region

With the size-resolved aerosol mass and ion composition data obtained at Lin'an regional atmospheric pollution monitoring station in July 2003, the size distributions of aerosol mass and ionic components, and the correlations between major ion pairs were analyzed. The primary results indicate that in the period of in-situ measurement, the aerosols are mainly composed of fine particles. The mass of aerosols with size less than 2.1μm accounts for 66% of the total mass of all size ranges, in which about 50% of the mass is contributed by the particles with size less than 0.65μm. Similar to the size distributions of aerosol mass, the water-soluble ions are mainly concentrated in the size range of <0.65μm, accounting for about 77% of the sum of analyzed ions, and the ions within the range of <2.1μm reach 88%. The sulfate, ammonium, and potassium are the dominant ionic components in fine particles (particle size less than 2.1μm). Ion correlation analysis suggests that the sulfates in fine particles are mostly in the compounds of (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, and K2SO4, but for submicron particles the sulfates are mainly in the form of (NH4)2SO4.     

中部天山地壳活动的GPS初步分析

通过对天山中部地区连续多年的GPS观测分析,得到了该监测区相对欧亚板块的运动速度场及应变场分布情况。计算表明天山中部地区内部断裂两盘的运动方向以婆罗科努断裂为界,北部各断层表现为拉张特征,南部总体表现为聚合特征。     

龙泉山断裂带地震活动性浅析

通过对龙泉山断裂带东坡断裂和西坡断裂的地震活动性研究,表明该带是一条活断层。历史地震记载和现今地震活动均呈现沿断裂带分布,地震活动呈现周期性和南北跳迁的特点,近10年来地震监测资料表明该带地震活动在增强。     

云南4个地震序列Q_c~(-1)值变化特征对比研究

对云南地区4个地震序列,分别为2000年姚安6.5级地震、2001年施甸5级震群、2001年永胜6.0级地震和2003年大姚6.2、6.1级震群,利用垂直向数字地震尾波分别计算地震序列周边台站3个频率段的Qc-1值,分析对比其时间演化趋势。发现对于主-余震型序列,主震后Qc-1值整体上变化幅度不大,趋于稳定。而对于震群(或双震)型序列,在第一个主震后,Qc-1值表现出上升-下降趋势,持续一段时间后强震发生。这些变化在序列周围的台站和三个频率段的变化整体趋势是一致的,但变化幅度不一致,可能与孕震区的位置和孕震应力的演变过程有关。上述研究为强余震的预报提供一个新的方法。     

Comparison between earthquake magni-tudes determined by China seismograph network and US seismograph network (II): Surface wave magnitude

Introduction Earthquake magnitude is the most common measure of an earthquake′s size,and is one of the basic parameters of an earthquake.There are three most familiar scales of earthquake magnitude:ML(local earthquake magnitude),MS(surface wave magnitude)and mB/mb(body wave magni-tude).Richter(1935)introduced ML when studying earthquakes in Southern California.In1945,Gutenberg(1945a)put forward surface wave magnitude scale to determine earthquake magnitude(MS)using surface waves(20s)of s…     

Characteristics of coda wave attenuation in Yunnan area

The characteristic of seismic coda wave attenuation in Yunnan area in 7 frequency-bands range from 1 Hz to 20 Hz was estimated by using the local earthquake's waveform data recorded from 22 Yunnan digital seismic stations.Coda attenuation Q-c1 of each station was firstly calculated by single scattering method. Then, mean free path Le and seismic albedo Bo of each station were calculated, and scattering attenuation Q-1s and intrinsic attenuation Q-1i were separated from total attenuation Q-1t by multiple lapse time window analysis based on the multiple scattering model in uniform random isotropic scattering medium. The attenuating characteristics in Yunnan show that most value of Le are in 10～30 km, with maximal within 2～6 Hz;Bo are about 0.5 at 1～2 Hz, but less than 0.5at other frequency-bands, which means Q-1i is comparable with Q-1s at 1～2 Hz, and after 1～2 Hz, Q-1i is greater than Q-1s and dominates the attenuation process. Q-1c is close to Q-1i at other frequency bands except 1～2 Hz.Results show that Q-1 especially Qs-1 varies spatially, Q-1 in eastern Yunnan zone is a bit higher than in northwestern Yunnan zone;northwestern Yunnan zone higher than southwestern Yunnan zone. Comparing with other results in global, Qs-1 in Yunnan is lower than the global average value among these results, Q-1i is higher than the global average value, and Q-1t lies the middle among these results.     

A Discussion on Seismic Intensity——Taking the Xinjiang Area As an Example

The intensity of an earthquake is an important criterion and index for earthquake resistance, and disaster relief and for antiseismic engineering in large and medium sized cities. The earthquake data in Xinjiang are abundant and have been widely applied to the statistic relationship of seismic intensity of western China. However, there exists some unreasonable and man_made factors in them. We put forward the idea of area A_ 0-1 to express the effect of seismic intensity, studied the questions and influencing factors arising from uncertainty of intensity zoning and finally, proposed some solutions.     

关于地震烈度的讨论--以新疆地区为例

地震烈度是衡量某一次地震对一定区域地面影响的强烈程度，代表的是一定范围内地震动强度的平均度量，反映的是地震中人的感觉和地震对地面建筑物所产生影响的分布图象。1980年初编制的《中国地震烈度表》（中国科学院工程力学研究所，1980），逐项描述了各烈度影响下人的感觉及震害现象与震害指数的对应关系。到目前为止，地震烈度的震害标准没有改变，究其原因：这种以人的感觉和宏观、微观地震震害现象为指标的烈度评定，简单易行，便于掌握；同时地震烈度的内在含义已被许多行业以及公众所接受和理解。从第一代地震烈度区划图到第三代区划图表示的不同等值线范围在很大程度上（尤其是经济欠发达、人口分布稀疏、自然环境条件相对恶劣的区域）都是依据地震烈度等值线分布状况而确定的；地震烈度仍然是抗震救灾与大中型城市抗震设防和规划的重要科学依据和指标。     

印尼8.7级巨震后云南地震活动的频度变化

0引言 2004年12月26日在印尼苏门答腊西北近海发生了8．7级巨震，3月29日在距8．7级地震破裂区东南160km又发生了一次8．5级地震。8．7级地震发生后，余震向震中以北扩展达千米以上。如此剧烈的能量释放，对我国的地震活动有何影响是令人关注的，但清晰解答这个问题并非易事，主要原因是，一个地区的大地震发生后如何影响另一个地区地震活动的机制目前我们并不清楚。这个机制可能很复杂，涉及到应力在地壳和地幔内的传播、积累，以及与地质构造等的关系。因此，仅从时间尺度上判定一个地区的大地震对另一个地区地震活动是否有影响在认识上就存在分歧。例如，是一个地区的大地震发生后的波动在传播到另一个地区时直接触发的地震活动才被看作是影响？还是由于一个地区的大地震发生后的应力释放和调整影响到另一个地区的地震活动才被看作是影响？显然，这两方面的影响在时间尺度上存在差异。8．7级地震发生后不到20分钟，在我国云南的宾川发生了4．6级地震，其发震时间也是8．7级地震的面波到达该地区的时间（李刚等，2005）；     

2005年震情述评

据我国地震台网测定，2005年全球共发生7级以上地震16次（表1），最大地震为3月29日印尼苏门答腊岛西北海域8．5级地震（图1）。与2004年相比全球地震频次和能量释放均有所降低。2005年全球7级以上地震活动有以下特点。