GPS/BDS接收机端系统偏差实时估计方法

针对GPS-BDS系统偏差会导致GPS和BDS系统间的混合双差模糊度不具有整数特性,且其不完全稳定的问题,该文提出一种GPS/BDS系统偏差实时在线估计方法。通过将双差模糊度以单差模糊度之差的形式进行求解,然后再将以周为单位的单差模糊度投影为双差模糊度,以此消除GPS和BDS不同波长的影响;在此基础上,采用Kalman滤波对系统偏差进行实时动态估计。实验结果表明,该方法采用较少历元的观测数据便可使系统偏差收敛,并且收敛后十分稳定,可以将其作为校正参数;加入系统偏差改正的GPS/BDS紧组合定位在恶劣环境下表现良好,可将模糊度固定平均所需时间缩短29%,模糊度固定成功率提高45%。     

两种壳聚糖的不同配比对草莓保鲜效果的影响

研究了两种相对分子质量的壳聚糖以不同的比例配比所制的保鲜剂对草莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明 :当相对分子质量为 3万和 1 70 0的两种壳聚糖以 1∶ 1 (质量比 )配比时 ,所制的保鲜剂对草莓有较好的保鲜效果 ,能使草莓果实的失水率、腐烂率和发霉率显著降低 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;果实体内的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、Vc等含量以及糖酸比明显增加(P<0 .0 5) ;超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性增强 ,丙二醛 (MDA)含量减少 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,果实细胞膜稳定性显著提高。     

Factors affecting the distribution of benthic macrofauna in estuaries contaminated by urban runoff

Contaminants derived from urban runoff have been shown to accumulate in estuarine sediments, reaching concentrations potentially capable of causing biological effects. Demonstration of effects, however, is difficult due to strong natural environmental gradients and the effects of past or present point-sources of contamination. We used multivariate methods to test two hypotheses relating to the effects of urban-derived contaminants on estuarine benthic communities. First, that patterns of distribution and abundance of benthic invertebrates in two urbanised estuaries would be different from those in two non-urbanised estuaries. Second, that the distributions of benthic invertebrates within and among the four estuaries would be related to those of urban-derived contaminants. Concentrations of contaminants were larger in estuaries with urbanised catchments and concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and DDT in some samples exceeded those at which biological effects may be expected to appear. Tests of differences in composition of benthic communities among estuaries showed that the two urban estuaries were not significantly different, but that they differed from both rural estuaries, which also differed from each other. Distributions of benthic invertebrates were significantly related to those of environmental variables, and were ordinated along axes that correlated with both natural environmental variables (nature of the sediment, position in estuary) and contaminants. Differences in faunas between the urban and non-urban estuaries were not, however, clear-cut and nor were relationships between faunal assemblages and environmental variables (including contaminants) consistent between two times of sampling.     

The 1974 spill of the Bouchard 65 oil barge: petroleum hydrocarbons persist in Winsor Cove salt marsh sediments

Petroleum hydrocarbons persist in salt marsh sediments in Winsor Cove (Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts) impacted from the 1974 spill of No. 2 fuel oil by the barge Bouchard 65. Intertidal sediment cores were collected from 2001 to 2005 and analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). TPHs content was greatest (as high as 8.7 mg g(-1) dry weight) in the surface sediments and decreased with distance landward. Select samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with values as high as 16.7 microg g(-1) for total naphthalenes and phenanthrenes/anthracenes. These remaining PAHs are mainly C(4)-naphthalenes and C(1)-, C(2)-, and C(3)-phenanthrenes/anthracenes revealing preferential loss of almost all of the naphthalenes and the parent compound phenanthrene. Inspection of the data indicates that biodegradation, water-washing and evaporation were major removal processes for many of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the marsh sediments. In addition, historical data and photographs combined with their recent counterparts indicate that erosion has physically removed these contaminants from this site.     

内蒙古临河-集宁断裂带中段构造特征及其演化

内蒙古临河-集宁断裂带是华北地台北缘的一条重要断裂带,对其中段沙湾子-大老虎店段进行了重点解剖.依据区域地质资料和地球物理场特征,结合构造形迹特征,对该断裂带的构造演化进行研究并探讨了其大地构造意义.该断裂带在航磁、重力及深震剖面上都有明显的反映.对断裂带上韧性剪切带、碎裂岩带、推覆构造、断层、褶皱等构造形迹的研究表明,该断裂带是一条自新太古代至今长期活动的构造活动带,控制着该区地质构造的形成与演化.     

估算待发现铀矿床的矿床规模频率法

矿床规模频率法（ＤＳＦ）是“国家铀矿资源评价（ＮＵＲＥ）”项目中用于估算美国铀矿资源量方法的进一步归纳和总结。ＤＳＦ解决了ＮＵＲＥ项目中进行下述主观概率估算的难题：（１）有利于铀矿床产出的成矿有利区占研究区的比例（因子Ｆ）；（２）成矿有利区中单位面积岩石吨数（因子Ｔ）。由于几乎所有地质学家对因子Ｆ和Ｔ的量度都不熟悉，大多数工作者只能估算出成矿有利区可能产出的铀矿床的数目及它们的平均规模。ＤＳＦ把因子Ｆ和因子Ｔ合并为成矿有利区内待发现铀矿的单位面积岩石吨数因子（Ｆ＊Ｔ）。这样，地质学家所提供的因子Ｆ·Ｔ就是特定矿床规模分类中单位面积内待发现矿床的估算数目。矿床规模分类的数目及每类规模间距是以已知（控制）区内的矿床资料为基础的。与ＮＵＲＥ法相比，ＤＳＦ法在主观估算中涉及范围更广，并且更多地突出了勘探工作者的日常经验。利用ＤＳＦ法对华盛顿州和爱达荷州的时代新、富含有机质的在生铀矿及亚利桑那州的大峡谷和附近犹他们等地区的溶蚀滑塌角砾岩筒型铀矿进行了重新评价。     

对西秦岭几个地质问题的探讨

华力西—印支期,西秦岭发育一个受控于古特提斯洋的坳拉槽,它是造成加里东期之后东西秦岭分异的主要原因并且控制了该阶段的成矿作用,西秦岭泥盆—三叠系既不是大洋沉积,也不完全是扬子北部大陆边缘沉积,而主要是叠加在扬子西北部早古生代被动大陆边缘之上的坳拉槽沉积。     

基式仪无压条记录实验报告

一、简述基式仪是中长周期光记录地震仪,该仪器性能稳定,图象清晰,数据可靠。为进一步提高观测质量及对外资料交换水平,我们对记录器上的固定记录相纸接头的有机玻璃压条进行了革新试验,自79年11月9日改装后,对40天来的记录进行观察,消除了有机玻璃压条边缘造成记录图上的类似时分号的白点影响,同时没有发生图纸松脱,记录器停走之类的事故,试验已获得成功。现将无压条记录法的革新意义、想法及做法等介绍如下,供同志们参