关于设立重要天气预报服务记录本的建议

1 理由1.1 现有的预报服务会商记录本中,存在某些不足之处,主要为: (1)仅适合日常性天气预报的会商。 (2)某些项目不需记载,有些项目又无法记载,或记载不便。 (3)一些重要天气(如春播大播期、汛期、伏秋旱等重要农事预报服务,党、政机关及用户提出的一些重要天气咨询,临时发生的短时灾害性天气,有时一天发生多次灾害性天气等),不便于用现有的天气预报服务会商讨论、记载。     

水位涨落对面积誤差影响的計算方法

水位漲落对面积誤差是有影响的,为了避免每次都要临时估算(这种估算往往不够准确)相应水位,现介紹一种簡便的方法,供各地水文工作老参考使用。在全年几个水位变輻中分成若干級,將其水位、面积、水面寬分別統計在表內謱⑼蛳卣居嬎愕慕Y果为例: 万县站側流断面水位漲落对面积誤差的影响計算     

输入海洋的大气化学物质

引言 数十年来,海洋科学界一直关注着对进入海洋的源于大自然及人类的物质的估算和过程的了解.在这一领域早期的工作集中于由河流和江川带入海洋的明显的物质输入,随后的研究考查了下水道排放、倾倒等直接输入途径.然而近十至二十年来,已经搞清楚大气层不仅是将自然物质和污染物质从陆地输往海岸和海洋的一个重要途径,在有些情况下甚至是主要途径.这些物质包括矿物粉尘、厂矿残渣;燃烧过程释放的含氮物质、化肥;杀虫剂及来源于各种工业及民用生产过程的其它有机化合物.     

速度光滑对反射地震信号的影响分析

光滑处理使得单界面成为非均匀薄层,界面反射转变为层反射.为了探讨光滑处理的影响,以平面波作为入射波场,首先利用过渡层反射系数推导了反射信号的理论公式,然后就非均匀薄层下反射系数的计算问题,给出了具体的实现算法,并通过与经典Epstein过渡层反射系数解析结果的对比说明了算法的精度.最后在单界面及其被光滑后界面的对比分析中,得出了几点重要结论：随着光滑次数的增加,反射信号的到时基本保持不变,而反射信号的主频与能量呈减少趋势,其中信号能量在低光滑次数的衰减速率明显大于高光滑次数.     

Radar determination of the spatial structure of hydraulic conductivity

Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity exerts a predominant control on the flow of fluid through porous media. Heterogeneities influence advective pathways, hydrodynamic dispersion, and density-dependent dispersion; they are, therefore, a key concern for studies of ground water resource development, contaminant transport, and reservoir engineering. Ground-penetrating radar contributes to the remote, geophysical characterization of the macroscale variability of natural porous media. On a controlled excavation of a glacial-fluvial sand and gravel deposit in the Fanshawe Delta area (Ontario, Canada), the hydraulic conductivity field of a 45 x 3 m vertical exposure was characterized using constant-head permeameter measurements performed on undisturbed horizontal sediment cores. Ground-penetrating radar data were collected along the excavation face in the form of both reflection and common midpoint surveys. Comparison of geostatistical analyses of the permeameter measurements and the radar data suggests thatthe horizontal correlation structure of radar stack velocity can be used to directly infer the horizontal correlation structure of hydraulic conductivity. The averaging nature of the common midpoint survey is manifest in the vertical correlation structure of stack velocity, making it less useful. Radar reflection data do not exhibit a spatial structure similar to that of hydraulic conductivity possibly because reflections are a result of material property contrasts rather than the material properties themselves.     

Large Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebula Morphology: Probing Stellar Populations and Evolution

Planetary nebulae (PNe) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) offer the unique opportunity to study both the population and evolution of low- and intermediate-mass stars, by means of the morphological type of the nebula. Using observations from our LMC PN morphological survey, and including images available in the Hubble Space Telescope Data Archive and published chemical abundances, we find that asymmetry in PNe is strongly correlated with a younger stellar population, as indicated by the abundance of elements that are unaltered by stellar evolution (Ne, Ar, and S). While similar results have been obtained for Galactic PNe, this is the first demonstration of the relationship for extragalactic PNe. We also examine the relation between morphology and abundance of the products of stellar evolution. We found that asymmetric PNe have higher nitrogen and lower carbon abundances than symmetric PNe. Our two main results are broadly consistent with the predictions of stellar evolution if the progenitors of asymmetric PNe have on average larger masses than the progenitors of symmetric PNe. The results bear on the question of formation mechanisms for asymmetric PNe-specifically, that the genesis of PNe structure should relate strongly to the population type, and by inference the mass, of the progenitor star and less strongly on whether the central star is a member of a close binary system.