斐济一汤加地幔过渡带的地震波各向异性

论述了一个不常见的、明显的过渡带(TZ)各向异性的实例，证据来自于许多比垂直偏振剪切波(SV)早到3S的水平偏振剪切波(SH)。各向异性区与远离活动俯冲带及已知的纵、横波速度横向非均匀体边界的深震相关。我们把这一各向异性区解释为与岩石层残骸中的巨大岩石异常体有关的强组构，这个巨大的岩石异常体悬浮并滞留于过渡带中。冷板块的快速俯冲非常适合于这种组构的形成，因此板块穿透到下地幔并不能普遍发生。     

2004年9月28日加州帕克菲尔德M6．0级地震的初步报告

引言 2004年9月28日17时15分14秒(协调世界时)加州中部帕克菲尔德发生了一次 Mw6．0级地震。震中位于圣安德烈斯断层靠近戈尔德希尔附近的帕克菲尔德镇东南 11 km的地方(图1)。加州综合地震台网 (CISN)报告说,震源位于北纬35．819°,西经120．364°的8．8 km深的地下。根据余震的分布状况以及此次地震的地震图、应变变     

2001年11月14日青藏可可西里（昆仑山）地震：破裂穿过大的张性阶跃带（二）

3 体波反演：滑动分布 在本节，我们基于点源结果和观测的地表破裂几何形状研制了可可西里地震的滑动分布模型。类似于其他的研究（如Wald and Heaton，1994；Kaverina et al，2002：An—tolik and Dreger，2003），我们使用有限断层方法对远震P波的子集进行反演。     

为什么1999年台湾集集地震的同震滑移在破裂平面上表现为向西北方向增大？

1999年集集地震使台湾中西部褶皱逆冲带内的车笼铺逆序逆断层（简称CTF断层）发生了破裂。该破裂的一个重要特征为：计算出的滑移量自车笼铺断层的底部至近地表，沿板块自南东向北西会聚方向，呈现由小到大接近线性增加的趋势。根据长周期和地震周期两个不同时间尺度上应力和位移的研究结果，对同震滑移分布规律的成因给出了一个新的解释模式。在最近的0．5百万年内，造山带前缘的聚合速率被前锋带3条主要的逆断层——彰化断层（简称Ch．F断层）、车笼铺断层和双塘断层（简称Sh．F断层）——来调节。根据先前已发表的平衡地质剖面研究成果，我们估算了彰化断层和车笼铺断层分布调节5％～30％、30％～50％造山带前缘长周期的滑移量。上述长期聚合速率的差异以及震间和震后位移模拟结果表明，车笼铺断层与震间应力载荷方向斜交和彰化断层、车笼铺断层深部递增的无震蠕变，这两个因素共同影响着同震滑移独特的线性分布特征。许多早期对滑移量分布特征及其成因的解释主要考虑到了物质属性、软弱层的滑动作用、场地效应、断层几何学以及地震波动力学等因素的影响。至于各因素对滑移量分布特征的影响程度仍不太清楚。考虑到车笼铺断层倾角的影响，采用了应力集中区的动力学模型来解释同震滑移的总体分布特征。值得一提的是，最近的研究表明集集地震前应力在空间上的不均匀分布可能对同震滑移的分布起到重要的作用。地震活动性分析结果表明，历史大地震不能够解释应力分布的不均。根据我们的研究方法，认为Oglesby和Day（2001）提出的车笼铺断层北面存在一高应力集中区，反映了因车笼铺断层斜交引起的震间耦合在纬向上的变化规律。     

穿过俄勒冈州图拉丁山脉的重力研究：波特兰都市区地壳结构的解释和地震危险性

穿过波特兰市区西部图拉丁山脉（波特兰山）的高分辨率重力测量，展现出以前根据地表地质学和航磁测绘识别出的断层的证据。本次重力测量是在1996年沿着长4．5km的双孔隧道进行的，该隧道在当时的建设中及现在一直在波特兰市区与波特兰山以西的居民区之间通轻便火车。在隧道内的重力从西到东逐渐增加，这种情况反映了隧道位于西边的图拉丁盆地低密度沉积物与其东边高密度大部分隐蔽的始新世玄武岩之间。叠加在这一梯度之上的是几个阶梯状异常，我们将其解释为密度明显差异的岩石之间断续接触的证据。这些异常的最大值发生在西尔万克里克之下，这里存在一条以前测绘出的断层。另一异常发生在距西洞口1200m处，大约是隧道与航磁异常相交汇的部位，航磁异常与西尔万断层（原来称为奥特菲尔德断层）有关。以这些重力资料为依据的岩石学横剖面显示出阶梯状异常与陡倾逆断层相一致，虽然走滑位移也许同样重要。与上方地形洼地相对应的3个重力低异常可能反映存在着剪切带。几个中等地震（M≥3．5）1991年发生在隧道当前的位置，说明这些断层中的几条或波特兰山断层带的其他断层是地震活动断层。     

Mineralogical and Fluid Characteristics of the Fluorite-rich Monakoff and E1 Cu-Au Deposits, Cloncurry Region, Queensland, Australia: Implications for Regional F-Ba-rich IOCG Mineralization

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The Timing of the Palaeoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event using Dykes,Sills and Bolcanics of the Ongeluk Large Igneous Province,Kaapvaal Craton

正The Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic Transvaal Supergroup of the Kaapvaal Craton,southern Africa,is one of the best-preserved and most complete stratigraphic records across a critical in juncture in the Earth’s history.     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Intracontinental Basaltic Volcanism on the Northwest Arabian Plate,Gaziantep Basin,Southeast Anatolia,Turkey

Volcanism along the northwest boundary of the Arabian Plate found in the Gaziantep Basin, southeast Turkey, is of Miocene age and is of alkaline and calc-alkaline basic composition. The rare earth element data for both compositional series indicates spinel–peridotite source areas. The rare earth and trace elements of the alkaline lavas originate from a highly primitive and slightly contaminated asthenospheric mantle; those of the calc-alkaline lavas originate from a highly heterogeneous, asthenospheric, and lithospheric mantle source. Partial melting and magmatic differentiation processes played a role in the formation of the petrological features of these volcanics. These rocks form two groups on the basis of their ~(87) Sr/~(86) Sr and ~(143) Nd/~(144) Nd isotopic compositions in addition to their classifications based on their chemical compositions(alkaline and calc-alkaline). These isotopic differences indicate a dissimilar parental magma. Therefore, high Nd isotope samples imply a previously formed and highly primitive mantle whereas low Nd isotope samples may indicate comparable partial melting of an enriched heterogeneous shallow mantle. Other isotopic changes that do not conform to the chemical features of these lavas are partly related to the various tectonic events of the region, such as the Dead Sea Fault System and the Bitlis Suture Zone.     

Enzymatic activity in the rhizosphere of Spartina maritima: potential contribution for phytoremediation of metals

Extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA) of five enzymes (peroxidase, phenol oxidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase) was analysed in sediments colonised by Spartina maritima in two salt marshes (Rosário and Pancas) of the Tagus estuary (Portugal) with different characteristics such as sediment parameters and metal contaminant levels. Our aim was a better understanding of the influence of the halophyte on microbial activity in the rhizosphere under different site conditions, and its potential consequences for metal cycling and phytoremediation in salt marshes. Acid phosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase presented significantly higher EEA in Rosário than in Pancas, whereas the opposite occurred for peroxidase. This was mainly attributed to differences in organic matter between the two sites. A positive correlation between root biomass and EEA of hydrolases (beta-glucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase) was found, indicating a possible influence of the halophyte in sediment microbial function. This would potentially affect metal cycling in the rhizosphere through microbial reactions.